动词时态语态.docx

1、动词时态语态动词的时态和语态一、时态(1)表述客观真理和客观存在及自然现象；表示习惯性，经常 性的动作，或经常存在的状态。常见的时间状语有：often， usually，always，sometimes，now and then等。 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起，从西边落下。 We have meals three times a day. 我们一日三餐。(现在的习惯) He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。(现在的状态)(2009天津高考)My parents_

2、in Hong Kong.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else.A.live C.were living D.will live(2)用于时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将要发 生的动作。 If you work hard，you will succeed next year. 如果你努力，明年你就会成功。 What are you going to be when you grow up？ 你长大后干什么？(3)表示正在发生的动作或存在的状态。 There goes the bell.铃响了。表示过去某一时间发生

3、的动作或存在的状态。常常给出过去的时间状语，如yesterday，last night，at that time等。2009全国卷)Edward，you play so well.But I_ you played the piano.A.didnt know B.hadnt knownC.dont know D.havent known(1)be going to动词原形表示打算、计划、准备要做某事。 Im going to learn Japanese next year. 明年我打算学习日语。(2)beto do表示拟定或计划中将发生的行为或按职责、义 务必须去做的事情。 The mee

4、ting is to be held at 900 a.m. 会议预定上午九点开始举行。 You are to hand in your homework this afternoon. 今天下午你们必须交上作业。(3)“be about to do”表示即将发生的事，句中不使用表示将来的时间状语。 I am about to go to bed when the telephone rings. 我正要睡觉这时 铃响了。(4)用一般现在时或现在进行时表示安排或计划好的将来的行为， 只限少数动词，如go，come，leave，start，begin，arrive， return等。 The t

5、rain leaves the station at 715 a.m. 火车在上午715开。 Mr.Wang is leaving for Hangzhou tomorrow. 王先生明天出发去杭州。(5)be going to和will比较 will表示说话人认为、相信、希望或假定要发生的事， 不含任何具体时间，可以指遥远的将来，而be going to指 有迹象说明某事即将发生或肯定会发生，通常表示很快 就要发生的事情。 I believe China will become one of the richest countries in the world. 我相信中国将会成为世界上最富

6、有的国家之一。 There is going to be a quarrel between them，I think. 我认为他们之间即将发生争吵。 表示就过去某一时间而言，将要发生的动作。 He said he would never come back again. 他说他再也不回来了。(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段，但 不一定是讲话时发生着的动作；表近期特定的安排或 计划；go，come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。 He is teaching English and learning Chinese. 他正教英语和学习汉语。2008重庆高考)Teenagers

7、_ their health because they play computer games too much.A.have damaged B.are damagingC.damaged D.will damage(2)表示反复出现或习惯性动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗 憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly等连用。 He is always thinking of others first. 他总是先想到他人。 He is always making the same mistake. (1)过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁 发生的动作。

8、He was watching TV at 9 oclock last night. 昨晚9点钟他正在看电视。(2010郑州一调)Didnt the guard see him breaking into the bank？No，he _ in the other direction.A.was looking B.had lookedC.looked D.is looking(2)某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或 while引导的时间状语从句中。持续性动作用过去进行时， 短暂性动作用一般过去时。 My brother fell while he was riding h

9、is bicycle and hurt himself.我弟弟骑自行车时从车子上摔了下来，伤了自己。 Tom slipped into the house when no one was looking. 当没人注意的时候，汤姆溜进屋来。 As she was reading the newspaper，Granny fell asleep. 奶奶读着报就睡着了。 The reporter said that the UFO was traveling east to west when he saw it.那位记者说，当他看到时，不明飞行物正在 自东向西飞行。(1)表示过去所发生的动作或事情

10、对现在的影响或产生的结 果，着眼点在现在。通常与以下状语连用，如yet，just， before，lately，often，never，now，today等，但不能 同特定的过去时间状语连用(in 1993，last year等)。 Ive forgotten his telephone number. 我忘了他的 号码了。(2)表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并可能继续 延续下去的动作。常同表示一段时间的状语连用，如so far， up to now，since，for the past (last) few years等。 He has worked here for over t

11、wenty years. 他在这里工作已有20多年了。 Up to now，we have received no news from her. 直到现在，我们还没收到她的消息。(2009全国卷)Progress_ so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.A.was B.had beenC.has been D.will be(3)This/It is the first/second timethat从句。that从句谓语 要用现在完成时。 This is the first time I

12、 have come here. 这是我第一次来这里。(4)在条件、时间、让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已 完成的动作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.只有我亲自看到，我才会相信你的话。(强调“看 完”) I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. 我干完了工作就和你一起去。(强调“干完”)(1)过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成 的动作或已经存在的状态。句中常用by，before，until， when等词引导时间状

13、语。 By the end of last year，we had built five new houses. 到去年末，我们已建了五座新房子。 I had learnt 5,000 words before I entered the university. 在我上大学前就学了5,000个单词。(2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作 或状态持续到过去某个时间或继续持续下去。 Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours. 他工作了12个小时才睡觉。(3)常用于以下情况： This/It is the first/second.tim

14、ethat从句。that从句一般 用现在完成时，如果把前边的is改为was，则that从句用过 去完成时。 It was the third time (that) he had made the same mistake.这 是他第三次犯同样的错误。 intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect， think等动词的过去完成时可用来表示一个本来打算做而实 际上没有做的事。这种用法也可表示过去未曾实现的设想意 图或希望，含有某种惋惜。I had intended to call on you yesterday，but someone came to se

15、e me just when I was about to leave.我昨天本来要去看你的，但是刚要出门就有人来访。I had meant to help you，but I was too busy at the moment.我本想去帮你的，但当时确实太忙了。I had thought you would come tomorrow.我原以为你明天才来呢。Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had.done.when.；No sooner had.done.than.。when和than从句里用一般过去时，表示“刚刚就”。Hardly(No sooner)had I got h

16、ome when(than)the rain poured down.我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。Hardly had we started when the car got a flat tyre.我们才刚刚动身，汽车的轮胎就漏气了。 将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常 用的时间状语为：by将来的某个时间。 By this time of next year，all of you will have become college students.到明年的这个时候，你们大家就成了大学 生了。 现在完成进行时表示一个动作开始于过去，并持续到现 在，并强调现在还在进行。完成进行时是完

17、成时和进行 时的组合，因此，它具备完成时和进行时的一些因素， 如：它具备进行时的“未完性、暂时性、感情色彩等”的 特点。 He has been learning English for 6 years. (从过去某一时间开始学英语，强调到现在还在学) It has been raining for 3 days. (强调说话者“抱怨”的感情色彩)(2009浙江高考)Over the past decades，sea ice_in the Arctic as a result of global warming.C.has been decreasing D.is decreasing二、语态

18、1.get过去分词表被动 They got married last week.他们上周结婚了。 He fell and got hurt.他摔倒受伤了。(2010江西高安中学月考)Did you have any trouble finding your way in Shanghai？Yes，I tried to find my way to the airport but _A.has been lost B.get lostC.lost D.got lost(1)系动词look，feel，sound，smell，taste，seem，appear， go，prove，turn等形容词/

19、名词。 Ice feels cold.冰摸上去凉。 His plan proved (to be) practical. 他的计划被证明符合实际。(2)表示开始、结束、运动的词：begin，finish，start，open， close，stop，shut等。 Class begins！开始上课！ Work began at 7 oclock this morning. 今天上午七点开始工作。 The shop closes at 6 p.m.every day. 每天下午6点关店门。(3)表示主语的某种属性的词：read，write，act，cut，draw， drive，sell，was

20、h，clean，wear，open，cook，lock， look，shut等。 The books sell well.这些书畅销。 The door wont lock.门锁不上。 This coat dries easily.这种外衣容易干。 The plan worked out wonderfully.这计划制定得很好。(2009全国卷)His sister left home in 1998，and_since.A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard ofC.had not heard of D.has not heard of1(

21、2010江苏高考)Peter，where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We _ busy with our work for months，so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.Awere Bhave beenChad been Dwill be解析：考查时态。结合问句中的时态以及答语后半句中的时态可知答语前半句表示的是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。答案：C2(2010安徽高考)Weve spent too much money recently.Well，it isnt surprisin

22、g. Our friends and relatives _ around all the time.Aare coming Bhad comeCwere coming Dhave been coming解析：考查时态。此处表示的是从过去一直持续到现在，且现在仍在进行的动作。故用现在完成进行时。该时态与all the time连用时，具有强烈的感情色彩。答案：D3(2010辽宁高考)Joseph _ to evening classes since last month，but he still cant say “Whats your name？”in Russian.Ahas been g

23、oing BwentCgoes Dhas gone解析：考查动词的时态。句意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说“你叫什么名字？”。根据句意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选A项。答案：A4(2010全国卷)Linda，make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive.Abe set BsetCare set Dare setting解析：考查时态和语态。在make sure后的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时，且the tables与set之间是动宾关系。故选C。答案：C

24、5(2010湖南高考)This coastal area _ a national wildlife reserve last year.Awas named BnamedCis named Dnames解析：考查时态和语态。根据时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时。主语this coastal area和name之间存在动宾关系，应用被动语态形式。故选A项。答案：A6(2010天津高考)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting _ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai Wor

25、ld Expo.Aare exhibiting Bis exhibitingCare being exhibited Dis being exhibited解析：此题考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。“民间艺术”和“展出”为动宾关系，应用被动语态，可排除A、B两项；C、D两项为现在进行时的被动语态，由arts可知C项正确。答案：C7(2010湖南高考)Im tired out. I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything.Ashopped Bhave shoppedChad shopped Dhave been shopp

26、ing解析：考查时态。此处用现在完成进行时，强调动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，且现在仍在进行。答案：D8(2011陕西宝鸡检测)Mary，I should tell you it is the third time that you _ your homework.Aforgot to do Bforgot doingChave forgotten to do Dhad forgotten doing解析：考查时态和非谓语动词。“It is (was) the序数词timethat从句”，表示“是某人第几次做某事”，在此句型中，假设前面为it is，则that从句用现在完成时，假设前

27、面为it was，则that从句用过去完成时；而forget to do sth.表示忘了应去做某事，forget doing sth.表示忘了已做过某事。根据语意可知此题应选C。答案：C9(2011哈尔滨检测)I have been on a diet for months and next time you see me，I _ five pounds.Awill have lost Bwill loseChave lost Dam losing解析：此题考查动词时态。句意：我已经减肥好几个月了，等下次再见我时，我就会轻五磅。根据语境知句子要用将来完成时，说明将来完成的结果。故A项正确。答

28、案：A10(2011苏州一模)Are you going to further your studies after graduation?Well，I _ yet.I might make some other choices.Adidnt decide Bhavent decidedCdont decide Dhadnt decided解析：此题考查动词时态。从答语“也许还有别的打算”可知，目前还没有做出决定，故用现在完成时。答案：B11(2011东北三校第一次联考)Look！What a mistake！Why?Sorry，I _ on it.Adont concentrateBhadn

29、t concentratedChavent been concentratingDwasnt concentrating解析：考查时态。此处表示的是在说话之前的那段时间内没有专心，因此用过去进行时。答案：D12(2010福建龙岩检测)I called you many times yesterday morning，but I couldnt get through.Oh.My brother _ on the phone all the time!Awas talking Bhas been talkingChas talked Dtalked解析：考查动词的时态。从语意“我兄弟当时一直都占着 机呢”可知，这是对过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作的表述，所以用过去进行时，选A项。答案：A13(2010南通二模)Where have you been all day?I _ some former classmates and I couldnt get back until it was dark.Ahave met BmetCwould meet Dhad met解析：考查动词时态。应答句是陈述过去的一个事实，用一般过去时，选B。答案：B14(2010西城5月)When can I get my car back?I t