考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版.docx

1、考研英语一真题及答案解析完整版2015年考研英语(一)真题完整版Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Though not biologically related, friends are as “related”as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published

2、 from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has_(2)_.The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)_1,932 unique subjects which _(4)_pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.While

3、 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something sha

4、red in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically simi

5、lar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_!One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major

6、_(17)_factor.The findings do not simply explain peoples_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same popu

7、lation.1. A when B why C how D what2. A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advised3. A for B with C on D by4. A compared B sought C separated D connected5. A tests B s Csamples D examples6. A insignificant B unexpected Cunbelievable D incredible7. A visit B miss C seek D know8. A resemble B influenc

8、e C favor D surpass9. A again B also C instead D thus10. A Meanwhile B Furthermore C Likewise D Perhaps11. A about B to Cfrom Dlike12. A drive B observe C confuse Dlimit13. A according to B rather than C regardless of D along with14. A chances Bresponses Cmissions Dbenefits15. A later Bslower C fast

9、er D earlier16. Aforecast Bremember Cunderstand Dexpress17. A unpredictable Bcontributory C controllable D disruptive18. A endeavor Bdecision Carrangement D tendency19. A political B religious C ethnic D economic20. A see B show C prove D tellSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the

10、 following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings dont abdicate, they dare in their sleep.”But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the

11、 recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?The Spanish case provides argum

12、ents both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere”politics and “embody”a spirit of national unity.It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchscontinuing popularity

13、 polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the d

14、ifficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure.Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very historyand sometimes the way they behave today embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a ti

15、me when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their ol

16、d aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.While Europes monarchies will no doub

17、t be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchys reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expen

18、sive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republica

19、ns, who are the monarchys worst enemies.21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of SpainA used turn enjoy high public supportB was unpopular among European royalsC cased his relationship with his rivalsDended his reign in embarrassment22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Eu

20、rope mostlyA owing to their undoubted and respectable statusB to achieve a balance between tradition and realityC to give voter more public figures to look up toDdue to their everlasting political embodiment23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?A Aristocratsexcessiv

21、e reliance on inherited wealthB The role of the nobility in modern democraciesC The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic familiesDThe nobilitys adherence to their privileges24. The British royals “have most to fear”because CharlesA takes a rough line on political issuesB fails to change his lifestyl

22、e as advisedC takes republicans as his potential alliesD fails to adapt himself to his future role25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?A Carlos, Glory and Disgrace CombinedB Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the ThroneC Carlos, a Lesson for All European MonarchsDCharles, Slow to Rea

23、ct to the Coming ThreatsTEXT 2Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.California has asked the justices to refr

24、ain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.The court would be re

25、cklessly modest if it followed Californias advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.They should start by discarding Californias lame argument that exploring the contents of a smar

26、tphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspects purse .The court has ruled that police dont violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring ones smartphone is more like entering

27、his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestees reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.But the justices should not swallow Californias

28、 argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitutions protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life i

29、n the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.26. The Supreme court, will work out whether, during an arrest, it is legitimate toA search for suspectsmobile pho

30、nes without a warrant.B check suspectsphone contents without being authorized.C prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents.D prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones.27. The authors attitude toward Californias argument is one ofA tolerance.B indifference.C disapproval.D cautiousness

31、.28. The author believes that exploring ones phone content is comparable toA getting into ones residence.B handing ones historical records.C scanning ones correspondences.D going through ones wallet.29. In Paragraph 5 and 6, the author shows his concern thatA principles are hard to be clearly expressed.B the court is giving police less room for action.C phones are used to st