经济学专业词汇.docx

1、经济学专业词汇经济学专业词汇A 20accounting会计accounting cost会计成本accounting profit会计利润adverse selection逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources资源配置allocative efficiency配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity弧弹性assumption假设asymmetric information非对称性信息average平均average cost平均成本average cost pricing平均成本定价法average

2、fixed cost平均固定成本average product of capital资本平均产量average product of labour劳动平均产量average revenue平均收益average total cost平均总成本average variable cost平均可变成本B 12barriers to entry进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit收益black market黑市bliss point极乐点boundary point边界点break even point收支相抵点budget预算budget co

3、nstraint预算约束budget line预算线budget set预算集C 75capital资本capital stock资本存量capital output ratio资本产出比率capitalism资本主义cardinal utility theory基数效用论cartel卡特尔ceteris paribus assumption“其他条件不变”的假设ceteris paribus demand curve“其他因素不变”的需求曲线Chamberlain model 张伯伦模型change in demand需求变化change in quantity demanded需求量变化c

4、hange in quantity supplied供给量变化change in supply供给变化choice选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb-Douglas production function 柯布-道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining集体协议工资collusion合谋command economy 指令经济commodity商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space商品空间common propert

5、y公用财产comparative static analysis比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange

6、交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production生产的最优条件concave凹concave function凹函数concave preference凹偏好consistence一致性constant cost industry成本不变产业constant returns to scale规模报酬不变constraints约束consumer消费者consumer behavior消费者行为consumer choice消费者选择consumer equilibrium消费者均衡consumer optimization消费者优化consumer p

7、reference消费者偏好consumer surplus消费者剩余consumer theory消费者理论consumption消费consumption bundle消费束consumption combination消费组合consumption possibility curve消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier消费可能性前沿consumption set消费集consumption space消费空间continuity连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex凸convex f

8、unction凸函数convex preference凸偏好convex set凸集corporation公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis成本收益分析cost function成本函数cost minimization成本最小化Cournot equilibrium古诺均衡Cournot model古诺模型cross-price elasticity交叉价格弹性D 32dead-weights loss重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法de

9、mand需求demand curve需求曲线demand elasticity需求弹性demand function需求函数demand price需求价格demand schedule需求表depreciation折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligopoly 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marg

10、inal return收益递减diminishing marginal utility边际效用递减direct approach直接法direct taxes直接税discounting贴水、折扣diseconomies of scale规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution分配division of labour劳动分工duopoly 双头垄断、双寡duality对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis动态分析dynamic models动态模型E 50economic agents经济行为者economic cost 经济成本e

11、conomic efficiency经济效率economic goods经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode经济模型economic profit经济利润economic regulation经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换exchange efficiency交换效率exchange contract curve交换契约曲线economy of scale规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth

12、 model埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率、效益efficiency parameter效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable内生变量endowment禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve恩格尔曲线entrepreneur企业家entrepreneurship企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision进出决策envelope curve包络线equilibrium均衡equilibrium conditi

13、on均衡条件equilibrium price均衡价格equilibrium quantity均衡产量equity 公平equivalent variation in income收入等价变量excess-capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium总体均衡的存在性expansion paths扩展径expectation期望expected utility期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure支出explicit cost显性成本external benefit外部收益

14、external cost外部成本external economy外部经济external diseconomy外部不经济externalities外部性F 24factor要素factor demand要素需求factor market要素市场factors of production生产要素factor substitution要素替代factor supply要素供给fallacy of composition合成谬误final goods最终产品firm 企业firms demand curve for labour企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve企业供给曲线firs

15、t-degree price discrimination第一级价格歧视first-order condition一阶条件fixed costs固定成本fixed input固定投入fixed proportions production function固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation波动for whom to produce为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods自由品、免费品free mobility of resources资源自由流动free rider 搭便车、免费搭车者future value未来值G 11game theory博弈论、对策

16、论general equilibrium总体均衡、一般均衡general goods一般商品Giffen goods吉芬商品Giffens Paradox吉芬之谜Gini coefficient吉尼系数golden rule黄金规则government failure 政府失败government regulation政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier总效用可能前沿H 9heterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks-kaldor welfare criter

17、ion 希克斯卡尔多福利标准homogeneity齐次性homogeneous demand function齐次需求函数homogeneous product同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation水平和human capital人力资本hypothesis假说I 52identity恒等式imperfect competition不完全竞争implicit cost隐性成本income收入income compensated demand curve 收入补偿需求曲线income constraint收入约

18、束income consumption curve收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect收入效应income elasticity of demand需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale规模报酬递增index number 指数indifference无差异indifference curve无差异曲线indifference map无差异族indifference relation无差异关系indifference set无差异集indirect app

19、roach间接法individual analysis个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function个人需求函数induced variable引致变量induction 归纳法industry产业industry equilibrium产业均衡industry supply curve产业供给曲线inelastic缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point拐点information信息information cost信息成本initial condition初始条件initial en

20、dowment初始禀赋innovation创新input投入input-output投入产出institution制度institutional economics制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest利息interest rate利息率intermediate goods中间产品internalization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 反需求函数invisible hand看不见的手isocost line等成本线isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoqu

21、ant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族K 1kinked-demand curve弯折的需求曲线L 30labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value劳动价值论labour unions工会laissez faire自由放任Lagrangian function拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier拉格朗日乘数law of demand and supply供需法则law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishi

22、ng marginal rate of substitution边际替代率递减法则law of increasing cost成本递增法则law of one price单一价格法则leader-follower model领导者跟随者模型least-cost combination of inputs最低成本的投入组合leisure闲暇Leontief production function 里昂惕夫生产函数licenses许可证linear demand function线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production

23、function线性齐次生产函数long run长期long run average cost长期平均成本long run equilibrium长期均衡long run industry supply curve长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost长期边际成本long run total cost长期总成本Lorenz curve洛伦兹曲线loss minimization损失极小化lump sum tax 一次性征税luxury奢侈品M 45macroeconomics宏观经济学marginal benefit边际收益marginal cost边际成本margina

24、l cost pricing边际成本定价marginal cost of factor边际要素成本marginal period市场期marginal physical productivity边际实物生产率marginal product边际产量marginal product of capital资本的边际产量marginal product of labour劳动的边际产量marginal productivity边际生产率marginal rate of substitution边际替代率marginal rate of transformation边际转换率marginal retu

25、rns边际回报marginal revenue边际收益marginal revenue product边际收益产品marginal revolution边际革命marginal social benefit社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market clearance市场出清market economy市场经济market equilibrium市场均衡market failure 市场失灵market mechanism市场机制market structur

26、e市场结构market separation市场分割market regulation市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 最大化microeconomics微观经济学minimum wage最低工资misallocation of resources资源误置mixed economy混合经济monopolistic competition垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation垄断剥削monopoly垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equ

27、ilibrium垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony买方垄断N 17Nash equilibrium纳什均衡natural monopoly自然垄断natural resources自然资源necessary condition 必要条件necessities必需品net demand净需求nonconvex preference非凸性偏好nonconvexity非凸性nonexclusion非排斥性nonlinear pricing非线性定价nonrivalry非对抗性nonp

28、rice competition非价格竞争nonsatiation非饱和性non-zero-sum game 非零和对策normal goods正常品normal profit正常利润normative economics规范经济学O 17objective function目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market寡头市场oligopoly model寡头模型opportunity cost机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束optimal resource allocation最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution最优解optimization优化ordering of optimization (social) preference（社会）偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods一般品output产出output elasticity产出弹性output maximization产出极大化P 68parameter 参数Pareto criterion帕累托标准Pareto efficiency帕累托效率Pareto improvement帕累托改进Pareto optimality帕累托优化Pa