初中英语8种时态总结.docx

1、初中英语8种时态总结八种分享到英语时态（tense） 一、 一般现在时：1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。2.时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month.), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加（e）S）4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，通常还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如

2、主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。6.例句： It seldom snows here. He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 二、 一般过去时：1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long l

3、ong ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。6.例句：She often came to help us in those days. I didnt know you were so busy. 三、 现在进行时：1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。2.时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc. 3.基本结构：am

4、/is/are+doing 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing. 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。6.例句： How are you feeling today? He is doing well in his lessons. 四、 过去进行时：1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。3.基本结构：was/were+doing 4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing. 5.一般疑问句：把wa

5、s或were放于句首。6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit. When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 五、 现在完成时：1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。2.时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：have/has + done 4.否定形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句：have或has提前6.例句：

6、Ive written an article. It has been raining these days. 六、 过去完成时：1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month),etc. 3.基本结构：had + done. 4.否定形式：had + not + done. 5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. By the

7、 end of last month. We had reviewed four books 七、 一般将来时：1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：am/is/are/going to + do；will/shall + do. 4.否定形式：was/were + not; 在行为动词前加wont，同时还原行为动词。5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；wil

8、l/shall提到句首。6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies. It is going to rain. 八、 过去将来时：1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year),the following month(week),etc. 3.基本结构：was/were/going to do；would/should + do. 4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + n

9、ot + do. 5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day. I asked who was going there .赞同 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都是发生在过去，所以在实际运用中就有很多同学混淆二者的用法。现在我们就一起来看看现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。1. 侧重点不同现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段

10、时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。例如：I have seen the film.我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容）I saw the film three days ago.三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前，而不是别的什么时候看的电影）Mr Green has bought a new computer.格林先生买了一台新电脑。（着重点是格林先生现在有了一台新电脑）Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday.格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。（强调的是格林先生买新电脑的时间是昨天）2. 时间状语不同现在完成时常与

11、already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副词以及“for+段时间”，“since+过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与“段时间+ago”，just now, yesterday, last week等表示过去时间的状语连用。例如：She has lived here since two years ago.她两年前就住在这里了。She lived here two years ago.两年前她住在这里。He has been in the League for three years.他入团已经三年了。Tom wrote a letter

12、to his parents last night.昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。实战演练1. I have seen the film “Titanic”already. When _ you _ it? The day before yesterday.A. have; seen B. will; see C. did; see D. did; seen2. Mr Black _ in China since five years ago.A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live3. We _ trees last Sunday.

13、So far we _ over 3,000 trees there.A. planted; planted B. planted; have plantedC. have planted; planted D. have planted; have planted 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别一、从结构上区别现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式）主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式）Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式）主语 +had + not + 过去分词

14、（否定式）Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）(二)从时间状语区别现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, tonight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recentlyetc”。过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before等构成的短语”。注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？Yes, I have . Ive just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。I have had

15、 a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term.到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。They had done the work at five oclock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。Ive known Li Lei for three years.

16、 我认识李蕾已经三年了。I have worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours.这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。(三)使用时注意事项使用现在完成时应该注意：1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-f

17、riend? 你有笔友吗？Yes, I have. 是的，我有。Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？No, he hasnt. 不，他没有。2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ hasbeen to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如： Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过

18、北京吗？ Yes, hes been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了。 Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？ Theyve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如：arrive, come be here, be inbegin, star

19、t be onbuy havedie be deadfall asleep(ill) be asleep (ill)finish, end be overget to know knowget up be upgo out be outjoin be in , be a + 名词leave, move be away, be out of使用过去完成时应该注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing.她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。After we

20、 said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。-现在完成时和过去完成时的区别与用法：现在完成时着眼于现在，强调过去发生的某动作对现在造成的影响和结果，或是由过去持续到现在的动作。I have cleaned the classroom .（强调扫地所产生的结果：地干净了！）We have lived here for ten years.（“住”从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）We have lived here since we came here.（“住”是从过去持续到现在的动作用现在完成时）过去完

21、成时则主要体现过去发生的两动作的先后有别，表达的是“过去的过去”，即比过去发生的某动作都还要“过去”，两动作中先发生的就用过去完成时，后发生的则只用一般过去时。运用过去完成时的句子往往有两过去的时间或动作，一定要注意这点哟！Mr Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.(来”中国已过去，而先前“住”在纽约更过去！）（另外注意：“住”在纽约可没有持续到现在哟！）We had learned 1000 words by the end of last term.（“上期期末”已过去，而是在其前“学”的就更过

22、去了！）-现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1. 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对“现在”产生的影响。如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只说明去桂林的时间)2. 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间状语连用。如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。（着重点是现在有了一台新电脑）3. 两种时态的区分（1）一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have /has +

23、过去分词”。如：（2）一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in 2002等；而现在完成时则常与just, already, ever, never等副词和these days, this week, since., for.等表示一段时间的状语连用。看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？ Have you seen the film?（A）Did you see the film?（B）说明 你看过这部电影吗？（A）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调

24、是否知道其内容。 How has he done it?(A)How did he do it?(B)说明他是怎么做的这件事？(A)句强调的是他做这件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；(B)句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。 He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.（A）He lived in Beijing for 8 years.（B）说明他在北京住了8年。（A）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年，现在不在北京了。 初中英语动词时态基础练习100题 1.I will tell him as soon as he

25、 _ backA. come B. comes C. will come D. came2. Mary _ on shoes when she _ them.A. triesbuys B. tries buies C. trys buys D. trys buies3. The girl often _ cold when she _.A. cathcsdances B. catches dances C. catchsdancees D. catches dancee4. _ he _ himself there? No, I dont think so.A. Doenjoy B. Does

26、 enjoies C. Does enjoys D. Doesenjoy5. _ your teacher _ from them very often? Certainly.A. Dohear B. Doeshear C. Do receive D. receive6. _ your mother _ some cleaning on Sundays?A. Doesdoes B. Dodoes C. Doesdo D. Do do7. _ Tom _to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _.A. Has xdoes B. HasxdoesC. D

27、oeshashas D. Does havedoes8. Which teacher _ lessons to you every day ?A. does gives B. does give C. do give D. gives9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, _? _ , he does.A. does heNo B. does heYes C. doesnt heNo D. doesnt heYes10.Mr Black often _ fishing on Sundays, _ he ?A. goesdoesnt B. goesis

28、ntC. doesnt godoes D. doesnt gois11.He usually _ TV on Sunday evening.A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching12. Well go to play with snow if it _ tomorrow.A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed13. Neither I nor he _ French.A. speak B. doesnt speak C. speaks D. doesnt speak14. Nobody _ how t

29、o run this machines.A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing15. The Young Pioneer _ water for the old man every day.A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries16. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.A. swimming playing B. swimmingplaiingC. swimming I playing D. swimmingplaing17. Look ! The b

30、oy students are _ football while the girls are _ .A. playing dance B. playing dancingC. play dancing D. play dance18. He _ to do his lessons at eight every evening.A. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins19. _ he _ on well with his friends this term ?A. Doesgets B. Doesget C. Isgetting D. Isgeting20. Mr Smith _ sh