1、外刊经贸知识选读复习要点LessonOneChinaintheMarketPlace 一、术语: manufacturedgoods制成品 capitalequipment资本货物 balanceofpayments国际收支 currentaccount经常项目 visibletradeaccount有形贸易项目 invisibletradeaccount无形贸易项目 tradesurplus贸易顺差 tradedeficit贸易逆差 barter易货贸易 compensationtrade补偿贸易 counter-trade反向贸易 assemblymanufacturing组装生产 ind
2、ustrialandcommercialconsolidatedtax工商统一税 jointventure合资企业 deferredpayment延期付款 buyercredit买方信贷 suppliercredit卖方信贷 softloan软贷款(低息贷款) MFNtreatment:MostFavoredNationtreatment最惠国待遇 PNTR:PermanentNormalTradingRelations永久性正常贸易关系 NI:NationalIncome国民收入 GNP:GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值 GDP:GrossDomesticProduct国
3、内生产总值 IBRD:InternationalBankforReconstructionandDevelopment国际复兴和开发银行 IDA:InternationalDevelopmentAssociation国际开发协会 IFC:InternationalFinanceCorporation国际金融公司 OECD:OrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment经济合作和发展组织 BIS:BankforInternationalSettlement国际清算银行 EEC:EuropeanEconomicCommunity欧洲经济共同体 EU
4、:EuropeanUnion欧洲联盟 FDI:ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投资 二、词语释义: exacerbate:deteriorate恶化 disrupt:interrupt中断 inthewakeof:following继之后 breakdown:analysisbyclassification分类分析 buoyant:brisk上扬的,增产的 run-down:reduction mountexhibitions:holdexhibitions insofaras:totheextent在范围之内 bottlenecks:obstacles;problems
5、thatretardorhaltfreemovementorprogress 三、句子翻译: OfficialrecognitionthatforeigntechnologycouldplayamajorroleinmodernizingtheChineseeconomyhascausedimportstorisebymorethan50percentin1978,placingunduestrainonthenationaleconomy. 官方认为,外国技术可在中国经济现代化中起重要作用,这导致了1978年中国的进口增加了50%以上,从而给国民经济带来了重压。 Thedebtproblem
6、sconfrontinganumberofdevelopingcountrieshavereinforcedChinasdetermination许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心:通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术,而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被 许多发展中国家面临的债务问题使中国加强了这样的决心:通过外国直接投资和优惠付款方式引进国外技术,而不是利用在国际资本市场上筹集大笔资金的方式。在经济中的许多实际障碍如运输能力不足和能源缺乏被克服之前,中国政府认为招来大笔外债的做法是不妥当的。 外刊经贸知识选读的
7、串讲资料(二) LessontwoTheCurtainGoesup 一、术语: ThespecialEconomicZone经济特区 awell-placedsource一位高层消息灵通人士 infrastructure基础设施 capitalstock实际资本 consumergoods消费品 preferentialtaxrate优惠税率 cooperativeenterprise合作(经营)企业 ETDZ(Economic&TechnicalDevelopmentZone)经济技术开发区 entrepreneurship企业家精神 meansofproduction生产资料 stock-
8、taking评估 二、词语释义: inpiecemealform:piecebypiece;gradually逐渐的 showpiece:aprimeoroutstandingexample典范 pipedream:fantasy;daydream;dreamthatcannotberealized白日梦 fromscratch:fromtheverybeginning从零开始,从最初开始 grassroots:basiclevel基层 thedustsettles:theconfusionends尘埃落定 inthedriversseat:inthedominantposition 三、句子
9、翻译: IntheSEZs,whicharebeingbuiltalmostfromscratch,foreignerscaninvestinanythingwhichthestatedeemsusefulforthecountry,beit,forexample,productionofgoodsforexportorconstructionofprivate-housingestates. 在一切几乎从零开始的经济特区,只要中国政府认为对国家有益,外国人可对任何项目进行投资,例如出口货物的生产或私人住宅的房地产开发。 So,whilecomprehensiveframeworkforthe
10、countrysmodernizationhasbeenprovidedbythecentralcommittees21October1984decisiontoreformtheeconomicstructure,itwillbesometimebeforethedustsettlesandlocalauthoritiesandforeigninvestorscandealwithoneanotherinasystematicway. 因此,虽然中央委员会1984年10月21日的改革经济结构的决定为该国的现代化提供了一个综合的框架,但要等尘埃落定、要等地方政府与外国投资者能有条不紊的打交道却
11、还需要一段时间。 LessonThreeBeijingRising 一、术语: economicheavyweight举足轻重的经济强国 commercialhub商业活动中心 Percapita人均 GrossNationalProduct国民生产总值 punitiveimporttariff惩罚性进口关税 securities有价证券 realestatemarket房地产市场 “GreaterChina tradebloc“大中华”贸易集团 conglomerate跨行业公司 consortium国际财团 二、词语释义: jockey:move isbustlingwith:isfill
12、edwith giddy:dizzy;euphoric farfetched:improbable;incredible clear:earnanetprofit Deal a hard blow to: strike heavily rung: level retaliation: return of ill treatment for ill treatment; revenge; reprisal career out of control: run out of control 三、句子翻译: With the U.S. Congress due to consider the ren
13、ewaldealahardblowto:strikeheavily rung:level retaliation:returnofilltreatmentforilltreatment;revenge;reprisal careeroutofcontrol:runoutofcontrol 三、句子翻译: WiththeU.S.CongressduetoconsidertherenewalofChinasmost-favorednationtradestatusinJune,officialsinBeijingfearthetradeimbalancecouldsurpasshumanright
14、sasasourceofU.S.oppositiontopreferredstatusforChina.Beijinghascutthisyearsgrowthtargetfrom10to8.5percent,inanefforttokeeptheeconomyfromcareeringoutofcontroljustasitwascutbackin1989and1990whenitoverheated. LessonfourTheEconomicScene:AGlobalPerspective 一、术语: centrally-plannedeconomy中央计划经济 marketeconom
15、y市场经济 disinflationary(anti-inflationary)policies反通货膨胀政策 deflation通货紧缩 short-termdollarinterestrates短期美元利率 commoditymarket商品市场 nominal(dollar)terms名义(美元)价 constant(dollar)terms不变(美元)价 businesscycle商业周期 weightedaverage加权平均数 hardcurrencies硬通货 fiscaladjustment财政调整 portfolioinvestment有价证券投资 marketdiversi
16、fication市场多元化 tightcreditpolicy紧缩的信贷政策 exchange-ratedevaluation汇率贬值 accommodativemonetarypolicy融通性货币政策 yieldcurve收益曲线 percapitaGDP人均国内生产总值 GATT:GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定 EMS:EuropeanMonetarySystem欧洲货币体系 GDPdeflator消除国内生产总值通货膨胀因素指数(GDP平减指数) CMEA(Comecon):CouncilforMutualEconomicAssistanc
17、e经互会 LIBOR:LondonInter-BankOfferedRate伦敦同业银行优惠利率 二、词语释义: inarow:insuccession easing:slowingdown;decrease momentum:forceofmovement underlying:beingatthebasisof slackening:slowingofspeed compound:worsen moderateinflation:easeinflation robust:strongandhealthy setbacks:frustrations slump:depression edge
18、down:moveslowlydown depreciation:devaluation spike:abruptincrease pick-up:recoveryreinin:control bottoming-out:reachingthelowestpointbeforerisingagain(止跌回升) 三、句子翻译: AlthoughtheweaknessindemandintheUnitedStatesledtoasharpdeclineinshort-termdollarinterestratesapositivedevelopmentformanydevelopingcount
19、riesitalsocontributedtoadropofover6percentinnonoilcommoditypricesandtoaslackening,to3percent,inthegrowthofworldtrade.IncreasinglybuoyantintraregionaltradeinEastAsiamaybeviewedasevidenceofanongoingprocessof“market-oriented”regionalintegration,adevelopmentthatcouldpartiallyoffsetlacklusterprogressinth
20、eLesson Five U.S. is Prepared to See Trade Relations Worsen 一、术语: trade representative贸易谈判代表 government procurement政府采购 NAFTA(North America Free Trade Agreements)北美自由贸易协定 trade sanctions贸易 LessonFiveU.S.isPreparedtoSeeTradeRelationsWorsen 一、术语: traderepresentative贸易谈判代表 governmentprocurement政府采购 NAF
21、TA(NorthAmericaFreeTradeAgreements)北美自由贸易协定 tradesanctions贸易制裁 tradehawks贸易中主张强硬路线的鹰派人物 二、词语释义: tough:uncompromising(不妥协的,强硬的) discrimination:unfairtreatment sanctions:penalty escalate:develop;intensify frictions:conflicts procurement:purchase bebulliedintodoing:beforcedtodo isawaketo:isconsciousof
22、amenableto:responsiveto araggedstart:apoorstart 三、句子翻译: Administrationofficialsseelittleriskthatthismoreaggressivepolicycouldescalateintoafull-fledgedtradewarthatwouldshocktheworldsfragileeconomies.Thus,theadministrationwillnotbedeterredbycomplaintsthatithasmovedto“protectionism.”Insomeways,Mr.Clint
23、onandhisadvisersarefollowingthesamewell-trodpathastheBushadministration,whichthreatenedsanctionsagainsttheCommunitylastyearandwalkedawayfromGATTnegotiationsratherthansignanagreementthatwouldprovideonlysmallgainsforU.S.companies. LessonSixEconomicTroublesCloudNewMarketsFuture 一、术语: thesinglemarket统一大
24、市场MaastrichtTreaty马斯特里赫特条约 barrier-freemarket无壁垒市场free-tradezone自由贸易区 referendum公民复决投票merger兼并 budgetcuts预算削减politicalandeconomicintegration政治经济一体化 deregulation放松管制privatization私有化 二、词语释义: bigbang:strongandpowerfuleffect;impact(不同凡响的效果) sour:worsenbacklash:astrongadversereaction beburstingto:beeager
25、to(迫不及待地)skid:slide;fall gushabout:talkaboutwithexcessiveenthusiasm(滔滔不绝地谈论) translateinto:transformintohangover:impendover;threaten 三、句子翻译: Yetinitscurrentdourmood,Europerisksalmostoverlookingtherevolutionarystepforwardithastakenincreatingtheworldslargestandwealthiestbarrier-freemarketandonacontine
26、ntwhere,forcenturies,economicbattleshaveledtosomeofhistorysbloodiestLesson Seven Japan Says No 一、术语: free trade自由贸易trade sanctions贸易制裁 fiscal packages财政一揽子计划managed trade管理贸易 trade balance贸易差额multilateral rules多边规则 economic cycle经济周期budget def LessonSevenJapanSaysNo 一、术语: freetrade自由贸易tradesanctions
27、贸易制裁 fiscalpackages财政一揽子计划managedtrade管理贸易 tradebalance贸易差额multilateralrules多边规则 economiccycle经济周期budgetdeficit预算赤字 tradereprisals贸易报复 二、词语释义: drawtheline:setlimits;refusetogoasfarasorbeyond(划定界限;不肯做到或超越某种程度) diedown:disappeargraduallyforeshadow:isasignof;represents;indicates capitulateto:yieldtothrust:principalconcernorobjective gearedto:adjustedtotakesbtotaskfor:reprimandsbfor;cri
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