秋中考英语 题型经典解法及模拟演练系列 阅读题型含精析.docx

1、秋中考英语 题型经典解法及模拟演练系列 阅读题型含精析中考题型经典解法及模拟演练系列之阅读题型我们对阅读理解除了从不同文体上把握，更要熟悉不同的命题题型和角度，采用不同的解题方法和技巧。一般说来，主要有细节理解题、数字推算题、词义猜测题、推理判断题和主旨大意题。（一）依据事实把握细节理解 1. 掌握技巧, 灵活运用(1)细心审题, 直接就题找答案。 采取“带着问题找答案”的方法, 先从问题中抓住关键性词语(题眼), 然后以此为线索, 运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味, 对照比较, 确定答案。(2)变通理解, 间接转述找答案。 细节理解题通常采用词语和句型

2、转换的形式来取代原文中的表述, 命题者在出这类题时习惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生, 即对原句细微处做改动, 摘取原文词语或结构进行改造, 因果倒置, 把A的观点说成B的观点等。(3)多点归纳, 综合事实找答案。 细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息, 而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时, 一定要全面捕捉相关信息, 进行综合分析、归纳, 切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。2. 明确干扰, 破除陷阱(1)扩大或缩小范围 文章为了表达准确严密, 经常通过加上相应的词语限制, 如涉及数量时常用many, almost all, nearly, more than, ove

3、r, only a few, normally等限制。有些干扰项可能会扩大或缩小语言范围。(2)偷换概念 命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。 (3)正误并存 在干扰项中, 某个句子或词语是正确的, 其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面, 正误并存, 命题者常会借此以假乱真。命题角度1 直接信息 (2014凉山中考) If you watch the sky for about an hour after the sun goes down, you may see some “moving stars”. But they are not re

4、ally stars. They are man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station(ISS). From May to July is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earth. And people can see it with their eyes during the time. The scientists want to live on the ISS. They think that the bes

5、t way to learn more about space is to live there. When the space station is finished, it will be like a city in space. People will stay and study there with many of the things they have at home. Laboratories, living rooms and power stations are being built. The ISS is the most expensive program. Bil

6、lions of dollars are spent on it every year. Scientists hope that the ISS will be a stepping stone for future space exploration. “The ISS will be more useful some day. The ISS will help us understand the human body better, explore space and study the earth. It can help us make life on the earth bett

7、er. ”said Kathryn Clark, an ISS scientist. 68. From the first paragraph, we can learn _. A. we cant see the ISS with our eyesB. March is the best season to watch the ISS flying over the earthC. all the moving stars are really starsD. the biggest man-made satellite is the ISS分析: D细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They a

8、re man-made satellites. And the biggest of all is the International Space Station(ISS). ”可以直接得出ISS就是最大的人造卫星。命题角度2 间接信息 (2014昆明中考) In their last moment before the flight took off, I heard a father saying to his daughter, “I love you, I wish you enough. ”The daughter said, “Daddy, our life together ha

9、s been more than enough. Your love is all I ever needed. I wish you enough too. ”They kissed goodbye and the daughter left. I could see the father was very sad. Suddenly the father walked towards me and asked me, “Did you ever say goodbye to someone knowing it would be the last time? ”56. Where did

10、the story happened? A. In a hospital. B. At an airport. C. At a train station. D. In a park. 分析: B细节理解题。第一句中的the flight took off指“飞机起飞”, 这就间接告诉我们: 故事发生在飞机场。（二）关注数字准确推算数字1. 筛选数字 英语阅读中的数字推算题通常是考查对原文数据与其他信息的简单计算和推断的能力。文章一般有两个或两个以上的数字信息, 这些数字在文中的位置比较分散, 考生要注意数字信息之间的紧密联系, 注意区分哪些是有效数字, 哪些是无效数字。数字推算题通常涉及的信

11、息是时间、年龄、价格等。这类题目的答案需要在理解文章大意的基础上, 文章中直接出现的数字通常是干扰选项, 考生要善于通过信息分析或转换将有效数字集中在一起。2. 简单计算 中考的阅读理解中的数字推算并不要求高深的数学知识。在有关数字推算的试题中, 所涉及的数学知识一般都比较简单, 根据短文所提供的数据进行必要的加减乘除运算便可以得出结论。 运用正确的计算公式和换算单位, 计算出的正确答案是一个“新”数字。Better Time for Teenagers to keep Healthy (2014哈尔滨中考)Things to doCommon timeAfter getting up or

12、before sleepingDuring breakfastAround 23: 00After mealsTime from expertssuggestion3 minutes after mealsBefore sleepingAround 21: 00An hour before mealsAdvantageTo reduce germs in the mouthTo keep bones strong and help sleep wellTo be good for a deep sleepTo keep the body strongWarm tipBrush the tong

13、ue while brushing teethAvoid drinking it when having a stomachacheSleep for at least 8 hours every nightWash carefully before eating themWord Box: germ细菌tip提示37. Teenagers often go to bed _hour(s)later than the time the experts suggest. A. one B. two C. three39. If a teenager goes to bed at the time

14、 based on the expertssuggestion, the earliest time for him to get up will be _in the morning. A. 5: 00 B. 6: 00 C. 7: 0037. B根据Common time中的Around 23: 00和Time from experts suggestion中的Around 21: 00, 可以推算出: 23-21=2。39. A在Time from experts suggestion中, 专家建议的休息时间为Around 21: 00, 再根据Warm tip中的Sleep for a

15、t least 8 hours every night来计算, 如果一个青少年在21点睡觉, 那么, 他最早应当在早晨5点钟起床。（三）利用已知轻松猜测词义(1)解题技巧之一 巧用构词法 首先要看一下这个词的构成, 看看它是否能分为两部分或三部分, 然后再看每个部分所表达的意义及词性, 最后再通过句意及上下文的语境等来确定其意义。Min Sun, with another name of Ziqian, was a famous man in the State of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a student of Con

16、fucius. Among all students of Confucius, he was compared with Yan Yuan. Min Suns mother died very early. Later his father took another wife, who gave birth to two sons. The stepmother mistreated Min Sunin winter, while two younger brothers wore warm clothes made of cotton, Min Sun only wore clothes

17、made of reed catkins(芦花). 47. The underlined word“mistreated”in the passage means“ _”. A. 对待B. 款待C. 虐待D. 善待分析: 本题可尝试用构词法解答。前缀“mis-”具有否定意义, treat表示“款待, 招待”, 结合本句意思可知, 答案为C。解题技巧之二 试用定义法 定义是作者为了更好地表达思想, 在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性, 利用它们猜测词义比较容易, 其标志为to be(是), mean(意指), refer to(指的是)等。

18、(2014哈尔滨中考) Building a single umbrella, which is big enough to cover the whole earth, seems to be impossible. Roger Angel, a scientist from the USA, has carried out research to deal with this problem. He came up with an idea of mini-umbrellas. In fact, eachmini-umbrella is made up of two parts, a sp

19、aceship and a sunshade(遮阳篷). A spaceship weighing about 1g would carry a sunshade that is half a meter long. It would be mostly transparent. That means light can pass it directly to reach the earth, with lands and oceans clearly in view. 46. The underlined word“transparent”here probably means“ _”. A

20、. 透明的B. 透气的C. 透风的分析: 由下一句中的That means可知, light can pass it directly to reach the earth, with lands and oceans clearly in view是对transparent的解释, 故答案为A。解题技巧之三 妙用阐述法 虽然进一步阐述不如定义那样严谨、详细, 但是提供的信息足以使我们猜出生词的词义。复述部分可以是适当的词、短语或者句子。(2014黄石中考) After graduating from a college, she went to this school alone and w

21、orked there for nearly twenty years. The headmaster of the school said, “She worked hard and taught well. She was a backbone teacher in our school. She was also the most welcome teacher among the students. For students, she was like a mother. They called her“Little Mother. ”52. The underlined word“b

22、ackbone”in this passage means _ in Chinese. A. 驼背B. 中枢C. 骨干D. 脊椎分析: 单独从字面上看, 这个词有“中枢”或“脊椎”意思的可能性, 但是如果我们仔细阅读“She worked hard and taught well. ”和“She was also the most welcome teacher among the students. . . ”, 便会发现, 这个词是用来描述一位老师在学校及学生中的地位的, 而不是指人体的某个具体部位, 所以答案为C。利用已知轻松猜测词义(2)破题技巧之四 精用举例法 恰当的举例能够提供猜测

23、生词词义的重要线索, like(像一样), as. . . as(如同一样), the same as(与相同)等可以作为识别生词的信号词, 以这些词为线索, 可以较容易地推断出生词的词义。 (2014广东中考) We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and power(权力). In the Far East i

24、n ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens. 63. The underlined word royal might mean _in Chinese. A. 皇室的 B. 富裕的C. 中产的 D. 平民的分析: 句中的such as the kings or queens是重要的信号词, 这说明royal people与kings or queens是具有相似地位的人, 由此可知答

25、案为A。解题技巧之五 善用语境法 根据上下文的语境关联猜测词义是阅读理解中最常见的一种解题方法, 其关键是不要脱离上下文的语境, 要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测, 不要断章取义。(2014温州中考)Dear Linda, I forgot to send you the package that you should have received on May 20, 1956, your fifth birthday. The gift inside has aged, but I felt that you might still wish to have it. Sor

26、ry for the lateness! Love, Angel of JoyLinda opened the package and saw a lovely grandma doll. She clasped the doll that she had waited so many years to receive, tears coursing down her face. The doll, given by“Angel of Joy”, made her the happiest“child”alive. 35. What does the underlined word clasp

27、ed probably mean in the passage? A. held B. threwC. made D. bought分析: 从文章中找到与clasped有直接关系的词较难, 所以本题应当从上下文的语境中寻找答案。这个词是出现在Linda读了Angel of Joy的信之后才发出的一个动作, 而在信中, Angel of Joy表达了由于一个迟到的礼物而感到抱歉的心情。信中所提到的礼物正是Linda盼望已久的, 因此, 当Linda收到这份礼物时, 便情不自禁地将其抱在胸前, 故答案为A。解题技巧之六 慎用常识法 这是指根据篇章(句子或段落)以外的其他知识来猜测词义。有时仅靠分析

28、篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。这时, 就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。(2014漳州中考) When I almost lifted a bean, it dropped back to the ground. When I finally picked up several beans, one of my friends ran into me. I couldnt keep my balance and fell over. All my beans dropped to the ground! Just at that moment, Mr. Kwak called us bac

29、k. I had to leave the game and of course I got a bad result. I couldnt help thinking that if I were a bird living on Galapagos Island, I would be dead soon. The fun game made me realize that natural selection is really competitive(竞争的). Everyone is trying his or her best to survive. 64. Whats the me

30、aning of the underlined word“survive”in the last paragraph? A. Find food. B. Remain alive. C. Be lovely. D. Keep balanced. 分析: 这两段文字描述的是有关比赛的事情, 按照常识可知, 每个人在进行比赛时都想获胜, 通过分析四个选项可知, B项最符合句意。(2014达州中考) Do you know why so many animals do not stay in one place? Birds, fish and other animals move from one

31、 place to another place at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded. When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of fish, which is called“salmon”(鲑鱼). 58. The underlined word migration in the passage means _. A. 迁徙 B. 习性C. 运动 D. 寻觅（四）品鉴信息合理推理判断命题角度1 事实推断 (2014广州中考) It was already eleven oc