高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案.docx

1、高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习含答案高考英语虚拟语气专项讲解及练习概述： 语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。如: Open the door, please。请打开门。(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如: I

2、f I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！一、虚拟语气 虚拟语气用于表示所说的话与现在的事实相反，或与过去的事实相反，或与将来的事实相反。表示说话人的主观愿望、猜想、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小或不可能发生的情况。虚拟语气一般用于正式的书面语中。多用于复合句中。虚拟语气是由谓语动词的特殊形式表达出来的。If they invite me this evening, I shall go with them. （陈述语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性很大）If they invi

3、ted me this evening, I should go with them. （虚拟语气，说话人认为被邀请的可能性小或者根本不可能）二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句。在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。 If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。 If he had s

4、een you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) 所述情况If-条件从 句主 句与现在事实相反If+主语动词过去式（be动词用were）主语would/could/might/should+动词原形与过去事实相反If主语had done主语would/could/might/should +have done与将来事实相反1.If+主语动词过去式2. If+主语were to do3. If+主语should do主语would/could/might/

5、should/+动词原形在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，条件从句与主句的谓语动词的形式为：主句中的should只用于I, we，美语中的should常被would代替。从句中的should可用于各种人称。Might表示“可能”，可用于主句中的各种人称。1.表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中bewere）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If I were you, I should/would go at once. 如果我是你，我立刻就走。If we had time now, we would read it again

6、.If I were you, I would work hard.补充：If it were not for sth. 意为“如果没有”，表示同现在的事实相反的假设。If it were not for the rain, the crops would die. 如果没有下雨，庄稼就会死的。If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.2.表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had

7、 taken my advice, he wouldnt/couldnt have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建议去做，你就不会考试不及格。If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.补充：If it had not been for sth. 意为“如果当时没有”，表示同过去事实相反的假设。If it had not been for your help, I would have failed. 如果当时没有你的帮助，我会失败的。If it had not been for

8、 your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.3.表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时；should +动词原形；were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If I saw him tomorrow, I would pass your note to him. 如果我明天见到他，就把你的便条给他。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would no

9、t go out.4.混合/错综型虚拟语气-主句的动作和从句的动作发生的时间不一致的情况 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now. (从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were not busy, I would have come. 如果我不忙，我就会来了。 (从句是现在，主句是过去)5.虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1). 省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这

10、三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over. Had he recognized me, he would have come over巩固练习：1. _C_ your address，I would have written to you.A. Did I know B. Were I to know C. Had I known D. If I s

11、hould know2. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she _D_ something she would regret later. A. had said B. said C. might say D. might have said3. If we _A_ 200 years old，we _ everything.A. were to be，could change B. had been，changedC. were，would have changed D. should be，chang

12、ed4. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying5. _ me what you wanted to know, I should not have wasted my time talking so much with you. A. Had you told B. You have told C. You had told D. Have you

13、told6. _ this afternoon, you would have to come again next week.A. The boss didnt return B. The boss were not to return C. Were the boss not to return D. Didnt the boss return7. Grace doesnt want to move to New York because she thinks if she _ there, she wouldnt be able to see her parents very often

14、. A. lives B. would live C. having lived D. were to live8. We _ back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be 9. If we _ a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue. A. have booked B. booked C. book D. had booked10. Were I to do it, I _ it some ot

15、her way.A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do11. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known12. If you had enough money, what _?A. will you buy B. would you buy C. would you have boug

16、ht D. will you have bought三、 虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1. 在主语从句中的用法主句主语从句的谓语动词用法It is important / strange /natural/necessary / wonderful thatshould +动词原形表示现在的情况should +have + 过去分词表示过去的情况1常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.It is necessary

17、that you should clean the workshop after work. 下班后，你必须清扫车间。It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) have left without saying good-bye. 她不辞而别，真让人奇怪。2常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested, plannedIt was suggested that he（should）j

18、oin the club activities.3常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder, regret, shame, desire；表示惊讶、怀疑、不满等。It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.It is a simple desire of all the peace-loving people that there (should) be no war in the worls. 巩固练习：1. Dont you think it necessary that h

19、e _B_ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what2. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make3. I am sorr

20、y that he _ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be4. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 当表示与事实相反的愿望时，动词wish 后所跟宾语

21、从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为“要是，但愿就好了”），其形式主要有三种：时态谓语动词形式与现实相反的愿望动词过去式（be用were/was）与过去事实相反的愿望had + 过去分词与将来事实可能相反的愿望should/would + 过去分词 I wish I knew the question to this answer （与现在事实相反）She wished she had stayed at home. （与过去事实相反）I wish it would be fine tomorrow. （与将来可能相反）巩固练习：1. I wish you _B_ him my telephone n

22、umber，but you did.A. didnt give B. hadnt given C. wouldnt give D. shouldnt give2. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _A_ always late.A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been3. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A. did B

23、. could have done C. have done D. should do4. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. should C. would D. were able to在表示建议，命令，要求、愿望等动词后的从句要用 “(should)+动词原形”。此类动词有：(1)坚持：insist（坚持要求）；(2)命令：order, command；(3)建议：suggest, advise, propose, recommend；(4)要求：

24、 demand, require, ask, request We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off till next week. 我们建议会议推迟到下周。The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.补充：当suggest表示暗示，说明之意；insist表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。（“看信”已成为事实，故用陈

25、述语气）He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。（“看信”尚未成为事实，故用虚拟语气）She suggested that we (should) leave early. （虚拟语气）The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求，提议，愿望的名词后的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“（should）+动词原形”。常见名词有：order, advice, plan, idea, pr

26、oposal, suggestion, requirement, request, demand, preference, desire, hope, decision等。They received an order that they start off at once. 他们接到命令要立即出发。His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.My suggestion is that he (should) be sent there. 巩固练习：1. Teachers recommend parents _ their

27、 children under 12 to ride bikes to school for safety. A. not allow B.do not allow C. mustnt allow D. couldnt allow2. The man in prison insisted that he _A_ nothing wrong and _set free.A. had done, should be B. should do, should beC. had done, had been D. should do, had been分析：insist后的从句谓语是否用“should

28、+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。对上题而言，坐牢的这个人坚持了两点：一是没做错事，二是应该释放。很显然，在坐牢这个人看来，“没做错事”应该是事实，故用陈述语气；“被释放”还不是事实（因为他还在坐牢），故用虚拟语气。所以此题的最佳答案应为A。3. The patient insisted that he _B_ ill and _ to the hospital.A. wasnt, wasnt sent B. wasnt, shoul

29、dnt be sentC. shouldnt be, wasnt sent D. shouldnt be, shouldnt be sent4. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. could B. mustC. should D. might 5. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there. A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given7. I insisted that he _ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go 8. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all. A. hadn t stolen B. shouldn t steal C. doesn t steal D. steal9. Our monitor requested that _.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefu