1、vray的入门v-ray简单入门 1、建立场景,(怎样的场景不用我多说了,看书吧。)认为材质和摄影角度满意后,在菜单CustomizepreferencesRenderingCurrent Renderer中将渲染器设为 vray,这一步骤和mental ray渲染器的设法是一样。 2、在渲染菜单中,在indirect illmination(GI)下,勾选On, 就可以渲染出最简单的GI效果来。 3、是不是发现物体边缘有很多锯齿边?下边再勾选Image sampler(Anti-aliasing)中的 Simple two-level。 全局照的设置过程就这么简单,刚才我所做的渲染过程也就两
2、分钟,但是速度还和一大堆 设置有关,速度时间的弹性也很大,以上我都基本上用默认的数值。 还有一个Multiplier数值要注意,它控制着二级照明强度,将它调大场景也许会更亮, 但不要和灯光强度概念混淆了。4、 VRAY的渲染参数面板中, 有一个环境Environment, 只有两项 一个是Environent color(环境颜色)选项 ,它的作用mental ray、FR的环境色一样 一个是环境贴图以及强度设置。 从功能上来说,它是取代MAX自身参数的,最重要的作用应该是用来支持简化的HDR方式,就象FR渲染器一样,可以设置环境贴图的照明强度。 要得到天空光效果也很容易,打开G I后,在MA
3、X环境菜单中把缺省的黑色改成一个兰灰色,或者给它一个球形环境贴图这样我们就打开了全局照明, 渲 一遍试试 注意:1. vray对max本身的环境色、背景不敏感。将场景中的灯 光Exclude掉所有物体,勾选Environent color下的Override MAXS选项,将颜色设为阳光色再渲一次,(渲染之前记得在场景中将“天窗”打开)结果如图5所示。 2. VRAY对于渲染的视图有严格的要求,它必须是在有透视的视图中才能渲染,比如。透视视窗,摄影机视窗。对于T、B、R、L、S、K、F、U 这一类,没有透视的视窗是什么也不会渲染的。 过程就这么简单,但经验还要慢慢陪养哟。 v-ray 入门(1
4、)全局光照明 我个人的理解,vray在不打开gi的情况下与好像与max扫描线渲染器差不多,打开gi, 有两种方式急性全局光照, 1) 直接计算,速度极慢,但gi光照效果准确 Direct GI computation produces much more detailed images than the irradiance map; in addition it does not produce flickering in animations. For highly detailed geometry (like the one below) it will produce much mo
5、re pleasing (but very slow) results. For example the attached picture rendered in 2 and a half hours (mostly because there is a HDRI map in VRays environment slot, which needed a lot of samples to remove the noise). If you are ready to accept longer render times - by all means use direct GI 1) 模拟计算,
6、在原渲染结果上附加一层光照贴图(vray快速gi的秘诀), 附加方式有三种, (见vray附带说明书 )根据我的初步试验及理解,它好像不能改变原渲染器渲染的最亮部分,而是在原渲染的结果上附加了gi的效果. 全局参数的设置: 1. Max rate 参数与Min rate参数 我的理解: 此值表现光线的层次分布 将屏幕分成一个各小区, 光线在此分布, 设置越高, 光线层次, 光线过渡越光滑,自然,越明显 1 ) Vray在计算光照贴图时, 将场景细分成一个个基本正方形, 每个正方形的顶点都有一个颜色, 如果你定义一个顶点为蓝色,另一个顶点为红色,那么他们之间将是用蓝色到红色的平滑渐变 , 光照贴
7、图正是用顶点颜色来表达灯光效果的, vray通过细分模型的面来达到提高精细度的目的,您可以在光能传递参数窗口来控制细分的程度 2) Min rate 参数控制细分的最小值. Max rate 参数控制着开始细分计算正方形的大小 渲染计算时渲染窗口中会出现一个个小方块对场景进行细分,刚开始出现小方块的大小与Max rate的值相关,其值越小方块越大,花的时间越短. 第二遍细分计算方块会更小 最后一遍计算时的方块大小由Min rate决定 Min rate 主要 一般来说,模拟计算gi 时渲染时间主要花在光照贴图的计算上了,计算遍数或者说几幅光照贴图 (max rate值-min rate值 +1
8、), 计算遍数或者说几幅光照贴图 (max rate值-min rate值 +1) , 越多 效果就越好 也就是说 max/min 为 -9 / -2 时, 效果比 max/min -3/-2好 2 其它参数 Hsph subdivs: 计算gi时的采样值,与定义值为15,加大它肯定会增加渲染时间,但增加的不多, Hspr细分值 默认为15,到2530为佳,再大也会像b razil一样了 注意此值表现材质及贴图的细腻程度, 光滑程度 Clr thershold Normr thershold 根据 vray原作者的回答: thats it. Lowering these parameters
9、will make irradiance map calculations longer, but will capture GI detail better Personally I dont ajust these settings, But I guess if they are set to high, you start loosing detajl, and if to low, it needs more subdivs (time) to render smooth?. There is something about the detail which is lost (sma
10、ll objetcs such as the horizontal elements on the wall seem a bit flat. Ive read that by reducing the Normal thresh that can become better Interp. Samples: 40 (此值为光照贴图加入原渲染结果的精度,可设大一点,不太影响渲染时间) 此值太大 ,softing in surfaces, 一般 40即可 Secondary bounces: subd: 1, depth: 3 (注意:为达到良好的gi效果,最好不要关掉第二级反弹,节约时间的关2
11、、非封闭空间,可以利用环境贴图做为补充照明,所以要把二次反弹值减小。(建议这样用)要点是把环境贴图和二次反弹值 联合在一起考虑。 3、封闭空间,环境贴图已经不起作用了,但是物体已经可以形成足够的二次照明,所以如果还是用缺省的值,二次反弹就会太亮,灯光布置足够多的时候,连一次反弹都会太亮。所以我的习惯是灯光亮度、一次反弹、二次反弹的值呈降幂排列比如: 1. 20.80.5。 也可用 0.70.70.5 灯光参数的意义 On - should be obvious Double-sided - this has effect only on planar maps. It will make th
12、em cast light on both sides. 两面都发光。 Transparent - when this is on, the light will not be visible, but will cast light. This can be very useful for interior scenes - you can put transparent lights at the windows, instead of counting just on skylight. 不选中时,灯是可见的。选中时,灯不可见,可以用来模拟天光,窗口的进光 Ingore light no
13、rmals - by default VRay takes in account the angle between a shadow ray and the light. This produces a noisy image, even in areas that are completely lit (not in shadow). Turning this option on will make VRay ignore this angle and will make the image less noisy (but not physically correct). 默认状态下,vr
14、ay.(此处不明),这将产生麻点,即使在完全不在阴影中的区域内。勾选中后vray将不考虑这种这种地方,麻点会少点,(但物理上是不正确的) No decay - by default VRay lights become weaker as the distance from them increases - this is how lights behave in the real world. However, it may not be very convenient to work with. Turning this option on will cause VRay to ignor
15、e this distance. You will probably have to adjust the Multiplier if you change this option. Also, it seems that using it causes some artifacts which we will try to fix. 不衰减 Store with irradiance map - this option allows you to store the diffuse illumination from a VRay light in the irradiance map. I
16、t may be useful in fly-through animations. 与光照贴图一起保存,对游历动画很有用。Type and Size I think are clear, with the exception of W size - currently it does nothing, since the two supported types need at most two dimensional parameters. Subdivs - this controls the quality (graininess) of the shadows. Greater val
17、ues will produce smoother shadows. The parameter determines the number of samples (per pixel) that VRay will make in order to calculate the shadows (actually, this parameter is the square of the number of samples). VRay may send less (but never more) shadow rays when possible without loss in visual
18、quality. 控制阴影的质量。大点会光滑一点。与采样值的平方成正比。 Low subdivs - this is used instead of Subdivs for irradiance map calculations and also when the level of a ray becomes greater than the degrade depth (see below). Each intersection of a ray with a surface increases its ray level by one. For example reflections ty
19、pically increase the level of a ray by one, and refractions - by two, since the ray needs to pass through the front and the back surface of the refractive objects. 这个看不懂,呵呵。 Degrade depth - this is the ray level after which Low subdivs will be used instead of Subdivs. In the recent version of VRay,
20、sampling is to a large extent handled automatically, so you can set this to a large value without performance loss. 这个好像说没用。嘿嘿。 小技巧: 1. 要获得较理想的光照效果还必须打开二次光照反射,速度将会急剧的下降 二就是加大min rate和max rate(最多到-2,-1,再加大就像brazil一样了),或在rate为-3,-2的情况下加大下面的Hspr细分值(默认为15,到2530为佳,再大也会像b razil一样了 )! 调试过程中可以暂时关掉二次反弹,正式渲染的
21、时候再打开,不建议关掉二次反弹换取速度,会少很多效果的。 出现黑斑的处理方式: 1)、优化模型,去掉模型的相交,采取平接和稍微离开一点距离的方式。 2)、加大Irradiance里Hsps Subdivs的值。 2 即使是单色的物体,比如白墙壁,都不要仅给它MAX的基本材质,在DIFFUSE里给它一个白色的贴图图片,可以减少产生黑斑。 3, 草图计算时, 可先用 320x240 图幅计算光照贴图, (用此方法可加速, 也可将Min rate值设低, 例如为 2 达到较好精度 ), 将光照贴图存盘, 根据vray作者的回答, 光照贴图及图幅的大小与出图的质量无关, 但是, 它们的渲染时间却不相同
22、, 图幅越小, 时间越短, 具体原因如下: (问: I have noticed that rendering the same scene using different size region devisions, you get significantly different rendertimes. I havent noticed any loss in quality really either. Could someone explain to me why there is a difference in speed. Also, is there a loss in qual
23、ity? In my simple test scene I dont see any, but maybe in a more complex scene it would be noticable 答: There should be no difference in the final image, no matter what is the size of your render regions. However, every region requires some setup time. Also, when you use antialiasing filters, there
24、is a border around each region that needs to be additionally rendered so that the edges of regions blend smoothly. As the region size increases, this additional work takes less time compared to the total render) 草图计算参数 (处标注外,区域为默认值) max/ min -7/-2 Interp. Samples: 100 下次正式计算时可调出, 正是出图是最好直接计算GI(时间奇长)
25、 v-ray 入门(2)景深 1、参考建立场景,并开摄影机的Environment Ranges下的show选项。在数值里填上合适的数值,这些数值控制取景范围。你会发现在视图中,有条黄线会随数值的更改会移动,根据调Near数值尽量把黄线放在Camera.target附近。当然也许你的场景中的Near数值会我不一样,没关系的。(Camera.target的位置其实代表的就是兴趣点,也就是渲染完最清晰的那部份) 2、打开渲染设制,在Filtering/DDF卷展栏下,勾选在Depth of field下的ON选项,然后在Focal dist里填入刚才那个Near数值,这样就决定了兴趣点的位置。也可
26、以勾选Get from camera(直接从摄影点获取兴趣点),如果你勾选了Get from camera那么刚才的Near数值就不起作用了。(是不是有点多此一举?如果你做的是静帖,那么直接用Get from camera好了。) 3、 下面有两个数值值得注意。 Shutter sMax Photons 控制焦散效果的清晰与模糊, 越大, 越模糊, 其值为15时, Sph Subdivions 大于6000后才起作用, 但这时的焦散效果并不是太好 1. 勾选参数后,加大MULTIPLIER值到60000左右就可以出效果了,你颗狠心将其加到100000(最大值), 其速度仍然飞快. 注意: 渲染
27、时间的平方与sph subdivs参数值的两倍成正比 2. 还有个办法是加大灯光的亮度然后调整灯光的衰减值,根据其官方范例的的灯光设置时,用vray light 将灯的强度调到20,000以上例如600,000,再打开灯光的指数衰减, 但是我想说的是如果这样设置将使灯光的摆放位置成为问题,因为有了衰减,灯离的远些就会使场景迅速变暗,而更糟糕的是就会出现你渲染的图里那种很亮的边缘(靠近灯光)而另一边很暗。 有办法可以解决此问题,就是灯光使用默认强度(一般为1.0),再到Vray渲染面板, 在散焦一栏里将强度(英文是Multiplier)设为800000左右,就可轻松设置灯光了!欢迎指教!前一个方
28、法简单一点,我常是两者合用。我发现它的好处是焦散的效果似乎能落在透明材质本身里面,这样玻璃的效果非常好。 Actually, for the past month or so, you havent had to stick to the method in the documentation, new features have since been implemented to make that outdated. You can use any of the max standard lights. Ive had good success with caustics by using
29、 normal light values (eg multiplier 1, no decay etc) and boosting the caustics multiplier in the vray rendering parameters instead to 100000. I also find that decreasing the caustic search parameter to 1 or less and increasing the subdivisions and photons will give really nice clear sharp caustics (
30、no blurry splodges of light) Again I wish there was a feature to save the caustics map, similar to how you can save the irradiance map. Also would like to be able to tell vray which lights to cast photons, as I usually only want 1 or 2 lights to cast caustics. not all of them v-ray简单入门(4)材质的制作 1. 金属
31、的制作: As for the metal material, set diffuse color to be a dark to very dark grey - VRay reflection map to almost white, say 80 - 85% white and glossiness 20 - 40 depending on how soft you want. Glossy samples should be at least 6 but 8 provides a nice smooth result with just enough noise to create a shimmery feel. Ill do tests at 4 samples just to get quicker idea. The nice thing about now being able to save irradiance maps is that testing refections and refractions is much faster.Crome. Make a Vray Material. Set the reflection color to a full white for a absolutly perfect crome surfac
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