介词.docx

1、介词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词是一种用来表示词与词，或者词与句之间的关系的词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词一定要有宾语，充当宾语的一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其它词、短语或句子。介词一般可以分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充

2、当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.（二）主要介词区别1、表示

3、时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关

4、，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in

5、表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is

6、 in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in

7、有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the ro

8、om./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At t

9、he end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、bet

10、ween, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies betw

11、een high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything

12、等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in

13、pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the story in English.13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。14、as, like：as作“作为”、“以地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak

14、to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作“象一样”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是“在前面”的意思（不在某物内）； in the front of则是“在前部”的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或

15、位置。如：We walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：We walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。 介词I. 介词分类：1简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside,

16、 throughout, upon, within, without3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between5分词转化成的介词considering(就而论), including6形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, next, opposite II. 常用介词区别：1表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的

17、时间，on总是与日子有关2表示时间的since, fromsince 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in, on, toin表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外5表示“在上”的on, inon只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的through, acrossthrough表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关7表示“关于”的about, onabout指涉及到，

18、on指专门论述8between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间9besides与except的区别besides指“除了还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in, withwith表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为“作为，以地位或身份”，like为“象一样”，指情形相似12in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置 介词训练介词的考点主要有：同一介词可表达多种意义，同一场合意义不同则介词不同；常见介词的用法；

19、介词的固定搭配；复合介词及双重介词的使用。使用点有：1. He kept his head _ water when he began to learn swimming, but he raised his head now and then A. over B. below C. above D. up2. Another grand bridge will be built _ the Pearl River in our city. A. along B. up C. on D. across3. Ill leave Beijing for Guangzhou _ a week, wh

20、ile my brother will leave Guangzhou for Beijing _ our National Day.A. in, in B. after, in C. after, after D. in, after4. The huge picture looks more beautiful _ the blue sky.A. against B. to C. over D. under5. The climate here doesnt agree _ her.A. to B. on C. with D. at6. 2. Standard time in Beijin

21、g is eight hours _ Greenwich Mean Time(GMT格林威治标准时间).A. after B. front C. ahead of D. forward7. - Can you tell me whats your aim in life, Li Ping?- I am aiming _ a famous physicist. A. at B. for C. in D. to8. Pass _ the bus, everyone. the conductor shouted politely. A. on B. into C. to D. along9. I w

22、as angry _ missing the gongfu film with Cheng Long as hero.A. at B. with C. for D. on10. We were anxious _ news of your safe arrival.A. to B. of C. for D. at 11. Tom was arguing _ the payment of the bill_ John.A. about; on B. over; with C. on; on D. with; with12. They were astonished _ the news of h

23、is escape from prison.A. for B. in C. at D. to13. He was absorbed _ a book and didnt hear your repeated call.A. to B. in C. with D. at14. - Are you familiar with the bank over there?- Only a little, I have an account _ it.A. in B. with C. to D. of15. The doctor bent _ the boy and checked his wound.A

24、. up B. on C. above D. over16. Mary answered all the questions _ the last one, which she had never heard of before. A. besides B. except C. apart from D. except for17. Hunan lies _ such provinces as Hubei, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou and Chongqin. A. among B. above C. beside D. between18. The dying

25、man is _ the help of the doctor.A. outside B. without C. out of D. beyond19. I dont know why he blamed the accident _ me.A. at B. to C. for D. on20. The horse is blind _ the left eye.A. to B. in C. for D. on21. He is very strict with others, but he is always blind _ his own shortcomings.A. for B. to

26、 C. with D. in22. We will never forget this historical lesson written _ blood.A. by B. with C. of D. in23. It is said that a bridge is being built _ the river.A. under B. to C. over D. at24. - How did you go to work yesterday? - I went to work _ my friends private car.A. by B. in C. on D. at25. The

27、train leaves at 6:00 p.m., so I have to be at the station _ 5:40 p.m. at the least.A. until B. after C. by D. around26. I called _ you last night, but you were out.A. with B. on C. at D. in27. You should write the first letter of the sentence _ capital one.A. on B. with C. in D. at28. He is too care

28、ful _ his money; he never buys a drink for us.A. to B. at C. for D. with29. Can you say _ certain when he will come here?A. at B. for C. with D. in30. More than 20 years ago he was badly wounded in the anti-Vietnam war. Since then he can only walk _ an arm-chair .A. in B. on C. by D. over31. Einstei

29、n didnt care for money. Once he used a check _ $1000 as a bookmark and then he lost it.A. for B. of C. about D. to32. When the Chinese delegation arrived at Vienna airport, they were received _ cheers. A. in B. for C. on D. with33. The little boy is very clever _ every subject.A. at B. in C. about D

30、. on34. Her clothes are very bright _ colour. A. of B. in C. on D. with35. Dont sit _the corner of the desk. Thats impolite for a student.A. on B. in C. to D. at36. It is said that the step-mother is very cruel _ the children.A. with B. at C. about D. to37. The boy is curious _ everything. I am sure

31、 he is very clever.A. to B. about C. with D. in38. She is crazy _ the film star, while her brother is crazy _ surfing.A. to; for B. on; to C. for; at D. for; on39. Once everyone is _ his life, he will instinctively(本能) find every possible way _. A. in danger of; out of danger B. in the danger of; out of danger C. in danger of; out of the danger D. in the danger of; out of the danger40. Lets put our heads together and deci