中考英语专题复习专项突破篇第一部分完形填空含三年命题规律总结精炼.docx

1、中考英语专题复习专项突破篇第一部分完形填空含三年命题规律总结精炼完形填空完形填空是中考试题中考查学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。它通常是一篇语意完整的短文。在选材上，内容新颖、有趣、时代感强且都贴近现实社会生活或学生校园生活。完形填空题的第一句通常不设空，给读者提供一定的语言背景。中考完形填空题主要考查学生以下三个方面的知识和技能：一、对文章的整体理解，上下文段落的衔接，逻辑思维与判断能力。二、对词汇和惯用法等语言基础知识的考查，多以实词为主，虚词为辅。根据对近几年中考完形填空题的分析，各种词类的考查比例由多到少，顺序如下：动词、名词、形容词、副词、连词和代词等，也注重考查习惯

2、搭配和词语辨析。三、对生活中常见的事实进行推理和判断的能力。完形填空是中考试题中考查学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。完形填空题的命题思路主要有两大特点：1. 语境充分完形填空的话题通常是学生比较熟悉的日常生活和学习的场景；阅读语境充分，便于学生根据语意完整、语法正确、合乎逻辑的原则，通过逻辑思维，联系上下文，推断出正确的答案。从下面2014年到2016年北京中考完形填空分析的表格就可以看出本特点。北京市20142016年中考完形填空试题语境分析分类年份话题体裁考查层次句子语境篇章语境2014家人、朋友与周围的人记叙文35，37，39，40，4536，38，41，42，43，44

3、，462015人际关系记叙文31，32，3433，35，36，37，38，39，402016日常生活记叙文31，32，33，3435，36，37，38，39，402. 立德树人近三年来中考完形填空都有育人功能。尽管看起来形式上有残缺（若干个空），但它的内容，语言习惯，句与句之间的衔接点，句子与段落之间的联系，段落与段落之间的逻辑顺序仍或隐或现地存在于篇章之中。更重要的是，完形填空可以使读者从精神层面得到升华，或从道德层面得以提高，或从内容层面得以拓展眼界。例如：2014年北京中考完形填空，通过讲述作者在超市里碰到一个陌生人为流浪狗买牛奶和食物的故事，传达了“向他人传递爱与幸福的圣诞老人的角色并

4、不需要等到圣诞节那天才能有，每天都可以有”的理念。解答完形填空的总原则是“先完意，后完形”，即先理解文章的主旨大意和作者要传递的理念，再进行选择填空。在做选择填空题时，我们可以从以下五方面思考：1. 充分利用首句信息答题完形填空的首句不设空，而是尽可能多地给考生提供一些必要的信息，因而读懂首句可以帮助考生建立正确的思维导向，避免走弯路。首句是了解全文的窗口，通过首句往往能确定文章的体裁、背景、写作意图甚至中心思想。2. 巧用上下文信息答题通篇理解，从整体角度考虑，结合上下文信息才能判断出最佳答案。3. 利用语法知识、词语搭配、固定句型答题例：In videos of the experimen

5、t, some waited patiently， others couldnt wait a single minute. A. if B. because C. so D. while文章介绍了美国心理学家对一组四岁孩子所做的一个有关自制力的试验。试验过程中，“有些能够耐心等待，而有些则连一分钟也等不了”。只有while（而，然而）放在此处合适。此题考查语境中连词的表意功能。4. 根据文化背景常识答题完形填空的文章内容往往与文化生活、史地知识、生活科技等相关，有些内容是我们已经掌握的生活常识，因而答题时要充分调动相关知识帮助我们分析、推断，最终确定答案。另外，中外文化之间的差异也是必须考虑

6、的。5. 把握文章脉络综合推理判断文章的逻辑关系包括并列、原因、结果、让步、转折、补充、时间顺序、目的、条件、选择等，要依靠不同的词来表达，如and, but, so, however, then, finally, for example等，它们在文章中起着篇章纽带的作用，可以作为解答完形填空的路标。解答完形填空可以分为以下三步：1. 通读全文，把握大意完形填空着眼于整体理解，必须在对短文大意进行了解的基础上才能较准确地推出答案。因此，需要注意上下句之间的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时，更要注意上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于文章情境当中进行填空，这样才能比较顺利且有把

7、握地捕捉到正确信息。通常情况下，第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容，理不清头绪，这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理，应稳定情绪，再将短文读一两遍，直到明确大意为止。2. 细读全文，确定选项完形填空的特点在于人为地设置了很多空格，使文章支离破碎、残缺不全，这就造成了理解上的障碍。需要考生跳过空格，快速领悟文章主旨。只有这样，才能保证思路连贯，在理解的过程中迅速抓住文章的中心意思。设空有一定的规律性，一般说来大都是均衡分布，各空之间的距离大致相当，通常是隔一定数量的单词，留出一个空格，不连续设空，并且完形填空选项中的词语大多是名词、动词、形容词、副词等实词，当然也不

8、排除能影响文章内容的一些虚词，如介词、连词等。3. 重读复核，消除疏漏复核完形填空时一定要着眼于整体理解，需要注意上下句之间的逻辑关系以及整篇文章的情节，尤其是在需要填连接性词语时，更要注意上下文提供的线索，把自己置身于文章情境当中进行填空，体会作者的写作意图和表达的理念，这样才能比较顺利且有把握地捕捉到正确信息。对于实在无法确定的选项，可以从文中相同或类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地做出猜测。只要把握了文意和具体的语境，通过对词义的辨析，一些错误的干扰项就容易被排除。Passage 1体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文周围的人40115分钟Santa Can Come before Christmas（2

9、014北京）It was last June. I entered a supermarket to pick some vegetables, when a young man asked me，“Can you tell me where the 1 counter（柜台） is?”“Well， the milk is in the lower right corner，” I replied. Picking up my things, I finally came to the milk counter where I met the same man 2almost 10 bottl

10、es of milk. I asked，“Do you need a basket or a trolley？”“Sure, thank you,” he answered. I was3 he was still picking more bottles and after a few minutes his trolley had 24 bottles of milk. I laughed and asked，“Why so many bottles?”He smiled and said，“These are for my street dogs. Today, I want to be

11、 a Santa4them. ”I said，“Well , its too5 for you to be a Santa. It is still June and Christmas comes in December. ”He6at me and walked a few steps, as if he wanted to say something but he left the counter without saying anything. 7, we met again at the bread counter. “So these bread and cakes are als

12、o for the street dogs, Mr. Santa. ”He smiled and said，“Yes. These are also for the dogs and I love to be Mr. Santa in the month of June. Santa is a representation（象征）of surprises and 8. Santa comes in December as we 9 him around Christmas. But in real life there is a Santa in each one of us that shi

13、nes through our personality at some point of time, no matter which month it is. Maybe when you offered help to me by getting me a trolley, there was a 10 Santa in you. When we offer food to a poor man or a（n）11 to someone who is caught in the rain, we are being Santa there. So when you offer help to

14、 others or get help from others, just think that Santa has come all the way for you. ”He left and I was happy that I had met him. It was right to understand that Santa can come before Christmas. We just need to realize that he is around us by 12 happiness and unconditional love. 1. A. vegetable B. m

15、ilk C. bread D. fish2. A. putting B. choosing C. holding D. bringing3. A. sad B. excited C. angry D. surprised4. A. for B. on C. of D. by5. A. easy B. early C. helpful D. important6. A. pointed B. laughed C. shouted D. turned7. A. Luckily B. Suddenly C. Hopefully D. Naturally8. A. love B. success C.

16、 friendship D. honor9. A. call B. show C. expect D. invite10. A. lost B. frozen C. forgotten D. hidden11. A. camera B. umbrella C. apple D. box12. A. storing B. facing C. spreading D. increasing15BCDAB610DBACD1112BCPassage 2体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文人际关系44515分钟The Phone Call（2015北京）It was getting dark. Paul look

17、ed out of the window and sighed （叹气）. Dad said he would come home by 5:30, but it was almost 7:00. Even if Dad came back, it wouldnt be much fun playing 1 in the dark. Paul walked into his room and threw his baseball into the corner. He tried to do some homework, but couldnt. The phone rang at about

18、 8:00. It was Dad:“Paul, Im 2, but I couldnt play baseball with you tonight. I have to finish my work at the office. Maybe we can play this weekend. Oh no. How about next weekend?. ” Paul couldnt understand why Dad was so 3. He threw himself into the sofa and soon fell asleep. His book was still ope

19、ned to the first page. The next day at school, Paul didnt hand in his homework and 4 a test. Mrs Green, his teacher, asked him to stay after school. “Paul, you didnt do your homework. You didnt pass the test and only got a D. This isnt like you. Whats wrong?”Paul just sat there 5. “Paul, if you dont

20、 want to talk, I will. I know that somethings worrying you, but you have to get it out. You need to tell someone. ” As Paul walked home, he thought of what Mrs Green said. Maybe he didnt do his homework because he wanted to get his dads 6. He knew Mrs Green was right. He decided to take her advice.

21、When Paul got home, he 7 his dad. But there was no answer. Then it went to voicemail （语音信箱）. Paul began talking: “Dad, I cant play with you next weekend. Ive got lots of problems with my homework. Also, I really dont want to spend another day looking out of the window and waiting. Whenever you 8 our

22、 plans, Dad, it hurts me. Its not too late to rebuild our relationship, but we have to start small. Maybe you can help me with my 9 sometime. Dad, I love you. ” As Paul ended the call, he felt much relaxed. He didnt know whether his dad would be different, but it didnt matter. He himself 10. He expr

23、essed his feelings to the right person. He had a clear head as he was doing his homework that evening. 1. A. baseball B. cards C. chess D. toys 2. A. lucky B. sorry C. surprised D. pleased 3. A. famous B. helpful C. lazy D. busy 4. A. made B. missed C. failed D. chose 5. A. cheerfully B. comfortably

24、 C. hopefully D. quietly 6. A. attention B. message C. praise D. trust 7. A. saw B. thanked C. called D. greeted 8. A. prepare B. break C. follow D. question 9. A. choice B. homework C. speech D. decision 10. A. regretted B. complained C. insisted D. changed 15ABDCD610ACBBDPassage 3体裁题材词数建议用时记叙文日常生活

25、48018分钟Mums Christmas Surprise（2016北京）Molly ran back home from school and dropped her schoolbag on the sofa. Then on the table she saw “Mums Wish Book”a mail order catalog（商品目录） from a gift shop. “Mum，” she said excitedly to herself，“this year youll get the gloves you want!” Molly had walked a dog f

26、or a neighbor and saved her 1 all year to buy Mum the gloves. She opened “Mums Wish Book” and hoped that she could find these2 in it. Tears ran down her face when she saw the gloves in the catalog. Mum wouldnt buy them for herself, because the family had a 3 time on the farm. She once heard Mum say

27、to Dad，“Maybe some day, Ill have the money to get them. ”Molly ran out by the back door and went straight to the post office. There she carefully filled out the order form torn from the catalog. “I need to buy a stamp to4 the form,” she said to Mr. Smith, the only worker in the post office. “Umm, a

28、pair of gloves?” said Mr. Smith, as he passed a stamp to her. “Yes. Its a Christmas gift for Mum, but please dont tell her. Its our 5, OK?” Molly didnt realize how white Mr. Smiths beard was until that moment. In fact, he reminded her of Santa Claus. As Molly walked back home, she decided to tell Da

29、d her secret. “Youve got to check the mailbox every day，” said Molly6 to Dad. He nodded, with a big smile. Coming home from school every day, Molly peeked at（偷看）Dad when Mum wasnt 7, but every time he shook his head. On Christmas Eve, Dad came back from the mailbox, still empty handed. Molly felt8 w

30、hen she went to bed, because she didnt have the gloves for Mum. Before Christmas dinner, as Mum took the apple pies out of the oven, Molly began9 the table. Suddenly, they heard someone pulling up the driveway. From the window they saw Mr. Smith making his way to the door, with a box in his hand. Mr. Smith 10 Mum the box，“I believe this is yours. ”Mum looked from Dad to Molly and opened the box. Her eyes lit up when she saw the gloves. “Oh, who bought these for me?” she asked. “Santa did，” said Molly smilingly. “Ho!Ho!Ho!Merry Christmas!”said Mr. Smith, with a loud laugh.