职称英语综合B阅读.docx

1、职称英语综合B阅读专业第20课综合B阅读押题机会只给有准备的人。Opportunities are only for the prepared person. 孙老师特别提示：综合B今年阅读没有新增文章，押题也就变成了猜题，极不靠普，请大家做好无原题或押不中的准备！阅读文章通常有二种性质：1、 新出文章，通常比较规范，比较简单明了,容易得分。2、 教材中新增文章一遍(所谓的押题)，通常有两种情况。1.比较规范，比较简单明了,容易得分。2.很不规范，很难！不易得分！综合阅读押题共4篇文章 第十九篇 The Family（综合B）第二十篇 Tales 传说 故事of the Terrible 可怕

2、的Past（综合B）第二十六篇 Seeing the World Centuries世纪 Ago（综合B）第三十篇 “Lucky” Lord Lucan伯爵 - Alive or Dead（综合B）第十九篇 The Family（综合B） The Family The structure of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic infl

3、uences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little

4、help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. There are many parallels between th

5、e nuclear family in industrial societies，such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapted to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americ

6、ans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility. The nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and

7、sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dramatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family，n

8、ot just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change as it adapts to changing conditions.1. Another good title for this passage would be_.A) What Makes a Family? B) The Life of the Inuits. C) Living with Hardship.D) The Failure of theNuclear Family.2. A nuclear family is defined as

9、_.A) a married couple with their minor childrenB) a single father with，minor childrenC) parents，grandparents，and childrenD) parents，children，and aunts and uncles3. The information in this passage would most likely be found找到 in_.A) an anthropology textbookB) a biology textbookC) a mathematics textbo

10、okD) a geography textbook4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _.A) listing statisticsB) telling a storyC) pointing out similaritiesD) pointing out differences5. The word“mobility” means_.A) moneyB) readiness to moveC) organizationD) skill 家 庭注：该文中心即文章题目-家庭结构 The stru

11、cture结构 of a familyThe structure结构 of a family takes different forms around the world and even in the same society. The familys form changes as it adapts to changing social and economic influences. Until recently, the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married c

12、ouple with their minor children. The nuclear family is an independent unit. It must be prepared to fend for itself. Individual family members strongly depend on one another. There is little help from outside the family in emergencies. Elderly relatives of a nuclear family are cared for only if it is

13、 possible for the family to do so. In North America，the elderly often do not live with the family ; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes.在全世界，甚至在同一个社会中，家庭结构有着不同的形式。家庭的构成形式随着不断变化的社会和经济影响而改变。直到最近，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未婚的孩子构成。核心家庭是一个独立的单位。它必须能够照料自己。家庭成员紧密依赖着彼此。在紧急情况下，外界提供给家庭的帮助微乎其微

14、。核心家庭中，只有当条件允许的时候，才会照料家中年长的亲属。在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活，他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。There are many parallels相同的 between the nuclear family in industrial societies，such as North America，and of families in societies such as that of the Inuits因纽特人的，who live in harsh environments. The nuclear family structure is well adapte

15、d to a life of mobility. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. For North Americans，the hunt for jobs and improved social status also requires mobility.在工业社会，例如北美洲，核心家庭之间有很多相似点。在居住在恶劣环境中的因纽特人的社会中，家庭间也有很多相似点。核心家庭结构良好地适应于流动性的生活。在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。对北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要流动性。T

16、he nuclear family was not always the North American standard. In a more agrarian 农业社会time，the small nuclear family was usually part of a larger extended family. This might have included grandparents，mother and father，brothers and sisters，uncles，aunts，and cousins. In North America today，there is a dr

17、amatic rise in the number of single-parent households. Twice as many households in the United States are headed by divorced，separated，or never-married individuals as are comprised of nuclear families. The structure of the family，not just in North America, but throughout the world，continues to change

18、 as it adapts to changing conditions.核心家庭并不总是北美洲人的标准。在农业社会时期，小型的核心家庭经常是大家庭的一部分。其中可能包括了祖父母、父母、兄弟姐妹、叔伯、阿姨以及表兄弟姐妹。在现在的北美洲，单亲家庭的数目大幅度增加。由核心家庭构成的单亲家庭的数目是美国由于离婚、分居或者未婚导致的单亲家庭的两倍。不仅在北美洲，在世界范围内，家庭结构都会随着不断变化的条件而改变。练习:1. Another good title题目 for this passage would be_. 3分本题问的是: 这篇文章的题目是什么? A) What Makes a Fam

19、ily? B) The Life of the Inuits. C) Living with Hardship.D) The Failure 失败of the Nuclear Family.1. 围着中心转（先读有中心词的选项. 一般就是答案）。2. 先读容易的选项（读的懂的）,先读短的。2. A nuclear family is defined定义（definition） as_.3分本题问的是:核心家庭的定义是什么?A) a married couple with their minor 未成年人childrenB) a single father with，minor children

20、C) parents，grandparents，and childrenD) parents，children，and aunts and uncles3. The information in this passage would most likely be found找到 in_.3分本题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪里?A) an anthropology 人类学textbookB) a biology 生物学textbookC) a mathematics 数学textbookD) a geography 地理学textbook课文里根本沒有,只能靠查字典推测。4. The info

21、rmation in the first paragraph is presented mainly through _.本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的?A) listing statistics统计学B) telling a storyC) pointing out similaritiesD) pointing out differences必须读懂第一段4. C 本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列 出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正确的答案。5. The word “mobility”活动性,

22、灵活性, 迁移率, 机动性 means_.本题问的是: mobility 的词意。3分A) moneyB) readiness to moveC) organizationD) skill词汇:nuclear /nju:kh/ adj. 原子核的，中心的 harsh /ha:/ n. 严酷的 emergency /Im:dnsI/ n. 紧急状况 agranan / grerln/ adj. 土地的，耕地的注释:1. lt must be prepared to fend for itself. 它必须能够照料自己。2. In North America，the elderly often d

23、o not live with the family; they live in retirement communities and nursing homes. 在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活;他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。3. In harsh conditions，mobility allows the family to hunt for food. :在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。 答案与题解:1. A 本题问的是:这篇文章的题目还可以是什么? A 的意思是是什么构成了一个家。B 的意 思是因纽特人的生活。C 的意思是生活得很艰难。D 的意思是核心家庭的失败之处。根

24、据文意，本文主要介绍了与家庭相关的信息。B 不是主要内容。C 未提到。D 未提到。因此A 是正确的答案。2. A 本题问的是:核心家庭的定义是什么?根据第一段的第三句话:Until recently，the most common form in North America was the nuclear family，consisting of a married couple withtheir minor children. 可知 A 是正确的答案。3. A 本题问的是:这篇文章最有可能出自哪里? A 的意思是人类学课本。B 的意思是生物课本。C的意思是数学课本。D 的意思是地理课本。本

25、文主要介绍了家庭，因此最有可能是人类学课本。所以 A 是正确的答案。 4. C 本题问的是:第一段的信息主要以何种方式陈述的?根据第一段的陈述方式，并没有列 出数据或者讲故事，而是通过描述共性而阐述出核心家庭的概念。因此 C 是正确的答案。5. B 本题问的是:mobility 的词意。Mobility 是 mobile 的名词形式。根据文中第二段，核心家庭能够生存下去最重要的是能够有流动性，而钱、组织或是技能都不是能够使一个家庭吃饱饭的必要条件。因此 B 是正确的答案。第二十篇 Tales 传说 故事of the Terrible 可怕的Past（综合B）讲述可怕的过去注：本文中心不好抓住，

26、因其不是说明文，而是篇介绍两本关于奴隶的小说。该文中心：小说宠儿与中途专门阐述了奴隶制问题。It is not the job of fiction writers to analyze and interpret history. Yet by writing about the past in a vivid and compelling manner，storytellers can bring earlier eras to life and force readers to consider them seriously. Among those taking on the task

27、 of recounting history are some black writers who attempt to examine slavery from different points of view.分析和诠释历史并不是小说家的工作。然而通过用一种生动有趣的方式来描写过去，小说家可以重现早期时代，并引起读者的重视。在叙述历史的作家中，有一些黑人作家试图从不同的角度审视奴隶制。Nobel Prize-winning author Toni Morrison deals specifically with the legacy遗产of slavery in her book Belo

28、ved. The main character in this novel，a former slave called Sethe，lives in Ohio in the years following the Civil War，but she cannot free herself from her horrific memories. Through a series of flashbacks and bitter reminiscences，the reader learns how and why Sethe escaped from the plantation she had

29、 lived on; the fate of her husband，who also tried to escape; and finally，what happened to the child called Beloved. Morrisons scenes of torture and murder are vivid and strongly convey the desperation of the slaves and the cruelty of their owners.诺贝尔奖获得者托妮莫里森在她的作品宠儿中专门阐述了奴隶制问题。小说的主人公叫塞丝，她以前是个奴隶，内战之后

30、住在俄亥俄，但是她无法让自己从可怕的记忆中解脱出来。通过一系列的倒序和痛苦的回忆，读者了解到赛丝为什么以及怎样逃出她赖以生存的种植园，她那同样试图逃出来的丈夫的命运，以及最后发生在叫做宠儿的孩子身上的事情。莫里森对奴隶受折磨和遭谋杀的场景描写得很生动，充分地表达出奴隶们的绝望以及奴隶主的残酷。Charles Johnsons Middle Passage approaches slavery from a different，yet no less violent，vantage point. His main character，Rutherfprd Calhoun，is a neer-do

31、-well free black American who stows away on a slave ship bound for Africa to collect its cargo. Put to work after he is discovered，Calhoun witnesses firsthand the appalling conditions in which the captured Africans are transported. When they finally rebel and take over the ship，he finds himself in t

32、he middle - and is forced to come to terms with who he is and what his values are.查尔斯约翰逊的小说中途从另一个不同的角度来描写奴隶制，但同样充满着暴力。他的主人公叫做卢瑟福卡尔霍恩，是一个游手好闲、身份自由的美国黑人。他偷偷登上了一艘开往非洲贩卖奴隶的船只。被发现后，他开始为之工作，并亲眼目睹了非洲人被抓起来，然后被运送到美国这种可怕的状况。当非洲人最终抵抗并占有了船只后，他发现了自己的中间性-并且被迫与他自己的身份和价值观念妥协。Neither Beloved nor Middle Passage is an easy read，but both exemplify说明 African American writers att