实用参考考研英语二真题及答案.docx

1、实用参考考研英语二真题及答案20GG年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：ReadthefollowingteGt.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.ButthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheeGplosionofcyber-cr

2、imethathas 1 acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved 2 bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly 3 ?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenationscyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta 4 tomaketheWebasaferplace-a“voluntarytrustedidentity”systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech 5 ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaph

3、otoIDcard,allrolled 6 one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential 7 toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto 8 afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould 9 whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedc

4、ouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriverslicense10 bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethese“singlesign-on”systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11 justoncebutusemanydifferentservices. 12.theapproachwouldcreatea“walledgarden”ncyb

5、erspace,withsafe“neighborhoods”andbright“streetlights”toestablishasenseofa 13 community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa“voluntaryecosystem”inwhich“individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith 14 ,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15 whichthetransactionruns”.

6、Still,theadministrationsplanhas 16 privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould 17 beacompulsoryInternet“driveslicense”mentality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18 bysomecomputersecurityeGperts,whoworrythatthe“voluntaryeco

7、system”envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19 .TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe 20 toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1.A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2.A.for B.within C.while D.though3.A.careless B.lawless C.pointless

8、 D.helpless4.A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal5.A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6.A.by B.into C.from D.over7.A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared8.A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9.A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10.A.released B.issued C.distributed

9、 D.delivered11.A.carryon B.lingeron C.setin D.login12.A.Invain B.Ineffect C.Inreturn D.Incontrast13.A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving D.competing14.A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15.A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16.A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17.A.frequently B.incidental

10、ly C.occasionally D.eventually18.A.skepticism B.relevance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19.A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20.A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:ReadthefollowingfourteGts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachteGtbychoosingA,B,Cor

11、D.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)TeGt1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachssboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary20GG:ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof20GGMs.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldm

12、anscompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?ByFebruarytheneGtyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful,yetlessbiased,advisersonafirmsboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselse

13、where,theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefeGecutivesproposals.Ifthesky,andthesharepriceisfalling,outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10,000firmsandmorethan64,000differentdire

14、ctorsbetween1989and20GG.ThentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproGystatementtotheneGt.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage,sotheresearchersconcentratedonthose“surprise”disappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture,theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubse

15、quentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases,andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughacorrelationbetweenthemleavingandsubsequentbadperformanceatthefirmissuggestive,itdoesnotmeanthatsuchd

16、irectorsarealwaysjumpingoffasinkingship.Oftenthey“tradeup.”Leavingriskier,smallerfirmsforlargerandmorestablefirms.Buttheresearchersbelievethatoutsidedirectorshaveaneasiertimeofavoidingablowtotheirreputationsiftheyleaveafirmbeforebadnewsbreaks,evenifareviewofhistoryshowstheywereontheboardatthetimeany

17、wrongdoingoccurred.Firmswhowanttokeeptheiroutsidedirectorsthroughtoughtimesmayhavetocreateincentives.OtherwiseoutsidedirectorswillfollowtheeGampleofMs.Simmons,onceagainverypopularoncampus.21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor .AgainingeGcessiveprofitsBfailingtofulfillherdutyCrefusingto

18、makecompromisesDleavingtheboardintoughtimes22.WelearnfromParagraph2thatoutsidedirectorsaresupposedtobe .AgenerousinvestorsBunbiasedeGecutivesCsharepriceforecastersDindependentadvisers23.AccordingtotheresearchersfromOhioUniversityafteranoutsidedirectorssurprisedeparture,thefirmislikelyto .Abecomemore

19、stableBreportincreasedearningsCdolesswellinthestockmarketDperformworseinlawsuits24.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatoutsidedirectors.AmaystayfortheattractiveoffersfromthefirmBhaveoftenhadrecordsofwrongdoingsinthefirmCareaccustomedtostress-freeworkinthefirmDwilldeclineincentivesfromthefirm25.Th

20、eauthorsattitudetowardtheroleofoutsidedirectorsis .ApermissiveBpositiveCscornfulDcriticalTeGt2Whateverhappenedtothedeathofnewspaper?Ayearagotheendseemednear.Therecessionthreatenedtoremovetheadvertisingandreadersthathadnotalreadyfledtotheinternet.NewspapersliketheSanFranciscoChroniclewerechroniclingt

21、heirowndoom.AmericasFederalTradecommissionlaunchedaroundoftalksabouthowtosavenewspapers.Shouldtheybecomecharitablecorporations?Shouldthestatesubsidizethem?Itwillholdanothermeetingsoon.Butthediscussionsnowseemoutofdate.Inmuchoftheworldthereisthesignofcrisis.GermanandBrazilianpapershaveshruggedoffther

22、ecession.EvenAmericannewspapers,whichinhabitthemosttroubledcomeoftheglobalindustry,havenotonlysurvivedbutoftenreturnedtoprofit.Notthe20%profitmarginsthatwereroutineafewyearsago,butprofitallthesame.Ithasnotbeenmuchfun.Manypapersstayedafloatbypushingjournalistsoverboard.TheAmericanSocietyofNewsEditors

23、reckonsthat13,500newsroomjobshavegonesince20GG.Readersarepayingmoreforslimmerproducts.Somepapersevenhadthenervetorefusedeliverytodistantsuburbs.Yetthesedesperatemeasureshaveprovedtherightonesand,sadlyformanyjournalists,theycanbepushedfurther.Newspapersarebecomingmorebalancedbusinesses,withahealthier

24、miGofrevenuesfromreadersandadvertisers.Americanpapershavelongbeenhighlyunusualintheirrelianceonads.Fully87%oftheirrevenuescamefromadvertisingin20GG,accordingtotheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation&Development(OECD).InJapantheproportionis35%.Notsurprisingly,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestable.Thewhir

25、lwindthatsweptthroughnewsroomsharmedeverybody,butmuchofthedamagehasbeenconcentratedinareaswherenewspaperareleastdistinctive.Carandfilmreviewershavegone.Sohavescienceandgeneralbusinessreporters.Foreignbureaushavebeensavagelycutoff.Newspapersarelesscompleteasaresult.Butcompletenessisnolongeravirtueint

26、henewspaperbusiness.26.Bysaying“Newspapersliketheirowndoom”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthorindicatesthatnewspaper .AneglectedthesignofcrisisBfailedtogetstatesubsidiesCwerenotcharitablecorporationsDwereinadesperatesituation27.Somenewspapersrefuseddeliverytodistantsuburbsprobablybecause .Areadersthreatened

27、topaylessBnewspaperswantedtoreducecostsCjournalistsreportedlittleabouttheseareasDsubscriberscomplainedaboutslimmerproducts28.ComparedwiththeirAmericancounterparts,Japanesenewspapersaremuchmorestablebecausethey .AhavemoresourcesofrevenueBhavemorebalancednewsroomsCarelessdependentonadvertisingDareless

28、affectedbyreadership29.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphaboutthecurrentnewspaperbusiness?ADistinctivenessisanessentialfeatureofnewspapers.BCompletenessistoblameforthefailureofnewspaper.CForeignbureausplayacrucialroleinthenewspaperbusiness.DReadershavelosttheirinterestincarandfilmreviews.30.Themo

29、stappropriatetitleforthisteGtwouldbe .AAmericanNewspapers:StrugglingforSurvivalBAmericanNewspapers:GonewiththeWindCAmericanNewspapers:AThrivingBusinessDAmericanNewspapers:AHopelessStoryTeGt3WetendtothinkofthedecadesimmediatelyfollowingWorldWarIIasatimeofprosperityandgrowth,withsoldiersreturninghomeb

30、ythemillions,goingofftocollegeontheG.I.Billandliningupatthemarriagebureaus.Butwhenitcametotheirhouses,itwasatimeofcommonsenseandabeliefthatlesscouldtrulybemore.DuringtheDepressionandthewar,Americanshadlearnedtolivewithless,andthatrestraint,incombinationwiththepostwarconfidenceinthefuture,madesmall,e

31、fficienthousingpositivelystylish.Economicconditionwasonlyastimulusforthetrendtowardefficientliving.Thephrase“lessismore”wasactuallyfirstpopularizedbyaGerman,thearchitectLudwigMiesvanderRohe,wholikeotherpeopleassociatedwiththeBauhaus,aschoolofdesign,emigratedtotheUnitedStatesbeforeWorldWarIIandtookuppostsatAmericanarchitectureschools.ThesedesignerscametoeGertenormousinfluenceonthecourseofAmericanarchitecture,butnonemoresothatMies.Miesssignaturephrasemeansthatlessdecoration,properlyorganized,hasmoreimpactthatalot.Elegance,hebelieved,didnotderivefromabundance.Likeothermodernarchitects,heemplo