网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献.docx

1、网站设计与实现中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译) Holistic Web Browsing: Trends Of The FutureThe future of the Web is everywhere. The future of the Web is not at your desk. Its not necessarily in your pocket, either. Itseverywhere. With each new technological innovation, we continue to become more and mor

2、e immersed in the Web, connecting the ever-growing layer of information in the virtual world to the real one around us. But rather than get starry-eyed with utopian wonder about this bright future ahead, we shouldsoberly anticipate the massive amount of planning and design workit will require of des

3、igners, developers and others.The gap between technological innovation and its integration in our daily lives is shrinking at a rate much faster than we can keep pace withconsider the number of unique Web applications you signed up for in the past year alone. This has resulted in a very fragmented e

4、xperience of the Web. While running several different browsers, with all sorts of plug-ins, you might also be running multiple standalone applications to manage feeds, social media accounts and music playlists.Even though we may be adept at switching from one tab or window to another, we should be w

5、orking towards a more holistic Web experience, one that seamlessly integrates all of the functionality we need in the simplest and most contextual way. With this in mind, lets review four trends that designers and developers would be wise to observe and integrate into their work so as to pave the wa

6、y for a more holistic Web browsing experience:1. The browser as operating system,2. Functionally-limited mobile applications,3. Web-enhanced devices,4. Personalization.1. The Browser As Operating SystemThanks to the massive growth of Web productivity applications, creative tools and entertainment op

7、tions, we are spending more time in the browser than ever before. The more time we spend there, the less we make use of the many tools in the larger operating system that actually runs the browser. As a result, were beginning toexpect the same high level of reliability and sophistication in our Web

8、experience that we get from our operating system.For the most part, our expectations have been met by such innovations as Googles Gmail, Talk, Calendar and Docs applications, which all offer varying degrees of integration with one another, and online image editing tools like Picnik and Adobes online

9、 version of Photoshop. And those expectations will continue to be met by upcoming releases, such as the Chrome operating systemwere already thinking of our browsers as operating systems. Doing everything on the Web was once a pipe dream, but now its a reality.UBIQUITYThe one limitation of Web browse

10、rs that becomes more and more obvious as we make greater use of applications in the cloud is the lack of usable connections between open tabs. Most users have grown accustomed to keeping many tabs open, switching back and forth rapidly between Gmail, Google Calendar, Google Docs and various social m

11、edia tools. But this switching from tab to tab is indicative of broken connections between applications that really ought to be integrated.Mozilla is attempting to functionally connect tools that we use in the browser in a more intuitive and rich way withUbiquity. While its definitely a step in the

12、right direction, the command-line approach may be a barrier to entry for those unable to let go of the mouse. In the screenshot below, you can see how Ubiquity allows you to quickly map a location shown on a Web page without having to open Google Maps in another tab. This is one example of integrate

13、d functionality without which you would be required to copy and paste text from one tab to another. Ubiquitys core capability, which is creating a holistic browsing experience by understanding basic commands and executing them using appropriate Web applications, is certainly the direction in which t

14、he browser is heading.This approach, wedded to voice-recognition software, may be how we all navigate the Web in the next decade, or sooner: hands-free.TRACEMONKEY AND OGGMeanwhile, smaller, quieter releases have been paving the way to holistic browsing. This past summer, Firefox released an update

15、to its software that includes a brand new JavaScript engine calledTraceMonkey. This engine delivers a significant boost in speed and image-editing functionality, as well as the ability to play videos without third-party software or codecs.Aside from the speed advances, which are always welcome, the

16、image and video capabilities are perfect examples of how the browser is encroaching on the operating systems territory. Being able to edit images in the browser could replace the need for local image-editing software on your machine, and potentially for separate applications such as Picnik. At this

17、point, its not certain how sophisticated this functionality can be, and so designers and ordinary users will probably continue to run local copies of Photoshop for some time to come.The new video functionality, which relies on an open-source codec calledOgg, opens up many possibilities, the first on

18、e being for developers who do not want to license codecs. Currently, developers are required to license a codec if they want their videos to be playable in proprietary software such as Adobe Flash. Ogg allows video to be played back in Firefox itself.What excites many, though, is that the new versio

19、n of Firefox enables interactivitybetween multiple applicationson the same page. One potential application of this technology, as illustrated in the image above, is allowing users to click objects in a video to get additional information about them while the video is playing.2. Functionally-Limited

20、Mobile ApplicationsSo far, our look at a holistic Web experience has been limited to the traditional browser. But were also interacting with the Web more and more on mobile devices. Right now, casual surfing on a mobile device is not a very sophisticated experiences and therefore probably not the ma

21、in draw for users. The combination of small screens, inconsistent input options, slow connections and lack of content optimized for mobile browsers makes this a pretty clumsy, unpredictable and frustrating experience, especially if youre not on an iPhone.However, applications written specifically fo

22、r mobile environments and that deal with particular, limited sets of datasuch as Googles mobile apps, device-specific applications for Twitter and Facebook and the millions of applications in the iPhone App Storelook more like the future of mobile Web use. Because the mobile browsing experience is i

23、n its infancy, here is some advice on designing mobile experiences: rather than squeezing full-sized Web applications (i.e. ones optimized for desktops and laptops) into the pocket, designers and developers should become proficient at identifying and executing limited functionality sets for mobile a

24、pplications.AMAZON MOBILEA great example of a functionally-limited mobile application isAmazons interface for the iPhone(screenshot above). Amazon has reduced the massive scale of its website to the most essential functions: search, shopping cart and lists. And it has optimized the layout specifical

25、ly for the iPhones smaller screen.FACEBOOK FOR IPHONEFacebook continues to improveits mobile version. The latest version includes a simplified landing screen, with an icon for every major function of the website in order of priority of use. While information has been reduced and segmented, the scope

26、 of the website has not been significantly altered. Each new update brings the app closer to replicating the full experience in a way that feels quite natural.GMAIL FOR IPHONEFinally,Gmails iPhone applicationis also impressive. Google has introduced a floating bar to the interface that allows users

27、to batch process emails, so that they dont have to open each email in order to deal with it.3. Web-Enhanced DevicesMobile devices will proliferate faster than anything the computer industry has seen before, thereby exploding entry points to the Web. But the Web will vastly expand not solely through

28、personal mobile devices but throughcompletely new Web-enhanced interfaces in transportation vehicles, homes, clothing and other products.In some cases, Web enhancement may lend itself to marketing initiatives and advertising; in other cases, connecting certain devices to the Web will make them more

29、useful and efficient. Here are three examples of Web-enhanced products or services that we may all be using in the coming years:WEB-ENHANCED GROCERY SHOPPINGWeb-connected grocery store “VIP” cards may track customer spending as they do today: every time you scan your customer card, your purchases ar

30、e added to a massive database that grocery stores use to guide their stocking choices. In exchange for your data, the stores offer you discounts on selected products. Soon with Web-enhanced shopping, stores will be able to offer youspecificpromotions based on your particular purchasing history, and

31、in real time (as illustrated above). This will give shoppers more incentive to sign up for VIP programs and give retailers more flexibility and variety with discounts, sales and other promotions.WEB-ENHANCED UTILITIESOne example of a Web-enhanced device we may all see in our homes soon enough is a s

32、mart thermostat (illustrated above), which will allow users not only to monitor their power usage using Google PowerMeter but to see their current charges when it matters to them (e.g. when theyre turning up the heater, not sitting in front of a computer).WEB-ENHANCED PERSONAL BANKINGAnother useful Web enhancement would be a display of your current bank account balance directly on your debit or credit card (as shown above). This data would, of course, be protected and displayed only after you clear a biometric security system that reads your fingerprint directly on