四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析.docx

1、四级真题仔细阅读部分真题+翻译+解析2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分(真题+翻译+解析)2013年6月四级真题仔细阅读部分Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank follow

2、ing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

3、Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. Walking, if you do it vigorously enough, is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity. It requires no equipment, everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury. The human body is designed to walk. You can walk in

4、parks or along a river or in your neighborhood. To get 48 benefit from walking, aim for 45 minutes a day, an average of five days a week. Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity. Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass, both of which shrink with age. In general, yo

5、u will want to do strength training two or three days a week, 51 recovery days between sessions. Finally, flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages. Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age. The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints,

6、many of them are 53 , and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ). Some of this you do whenever you stretch. If you watch dogs and cats, youll get an idea of how natural it is. The general 55 is simple: whenever the body has been in one

7、 position for a while, it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position. A) allowing F) helping K) prevent B) avoidable G) increasingly L) principleC) briefly H) lowest M) provokeD) component I) maintain N) seriously E) determined J) maximum O) topicSection B Directions: There are 2 passages in t

8、his section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 57

9、 to 61 are based on the following passage. Junk food is everywhere. Were eating way too much of it. Most of us know what were doing and yet we do it anyway. So heres a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation: Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to

10、 where food is sold and how its displayed? “Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods,” note the two researchers. “In contrast,” the resea

11、rchers continue, “many regulations that dont assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol, a substance like food of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems.” The research references studies of peoples behavior with food and alcohol and r

12、esults of alcohol restrictions, and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods. Among them: Density restrictions: licenses to sell alcohol arent handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area tha

13、t already sell alcohol. These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink. Similarly, the researchers say, being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it. So why not limit the density of food outlets, particularly ones that sell food rich in emp

14、ty calories? And why not limit sale of food in places that arent primarily food stores? Display and sales restrictions: California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations, and in most places you cant buy alcohol at drive-through facilities. At supermarkets, fo

15、od companies pay to have their wares in places where theyre easily seen. One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines. The other measures include restricting portion sizes, taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods, and placing w

16、arning labels on the products. 57. What does the author say about junk food? A) People should be educated not to eat too much. B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation. C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist. D) It causes more harm than is generally realized. 58. What do the

17、 Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity? A) They should be implemented effectively. B) They provide misleading information. C) They are based on wrong assumptions. D) They help people make rational choices. 59. Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density re

18、strictions? A) Few people are able to resist alcohols temptations. B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol. C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems. D) Easy access leads to customers over-consumption. 60. What is the purpose of Californias rule about alcohol display in gas

19、stations? A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets. B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking. C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas. D) To get alcohol out of drivers immediate sight. 61. What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food

20、 control? A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food. B) Enhancing peoples awareness of their own health. C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures. D) Resorting to economic, legal and psychological means. Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. Kodaks de

21、cision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad, though not unexpected, turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades, but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution. Although many attribute Kodaks downfa

22、ll to “complacency(自满) ,” that explanation doesnt acknow-ledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself. Decades ago, Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film and in fact, Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 but in a fateful decision, the company cho

23、se to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business. It wasnt that Kodak was blind to the future, said Rebecca Henderson, a professor at Harvard Business School, but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it. By the time the company realized its mistake, it wa

24、s too late. Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt, and spent a lot of money trying to do so, but ultimately failed. Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses. A

25、lthough Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography, its corporate（企业的） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future. They were a company stuck in time. Their history was so important to them. Now their hist

26、ory has become a liability. Kodaks downfall over the last several decades was dramatic. In 1976, the company commanded 90% of the market for photographic film and 85% of the market for cameras. But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo, which undermined Kodak by off

27、ering lower prices for film and photo supplies. Kodaks decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation. The bid went instead to Fuji, which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace. 62. What do we learn abo

28、ut Kodak? A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden. B) It is approaching its downfall. C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry. D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market. 63. Why does the author mention Kodaks invention of the first digital camera? A) To show its early attem

29、pt to reinvent itself. B) To show its effort to overcome complacency. C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution. D) To show its will to compete with Japans Fuji photo. 64. Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets? A) They find it costly to give up their existin

30、g assets. B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges. C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology. D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past. 65. What does the author say Kodaks history has become? A) A burden. B) A mirror. C) A joke. D) A challenge. 66. What was Kodaks fatal

31、mistake? A) Its blind faith in traditional photography. B) Its failure to see Fuji photos emergence. C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics. D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture. Passage One到处都是垃圾食品。我们吃下的垃圾食品实在是太多了。我们中的大多数人虽然意识到了这个问题但还是照吃不误。为此兰德公司的两位研究人员提出了一个建议：为什么不学学控制酒精饮料的政策并把它们用在食品

32、的销售地点和陈列方式上呢？两位研究者表示：“很多控制肥胖症的政策措施都假设人们是有意识、有理性地选择他们吃什么、吃多少。因此，这些政策措施的焦点是向人们提供信息和更容易得到的健康食品。”两位研究者还说：“相比之下，很多措施假设人们的选择是非理性的，这些措施被成功地运用在控制酒精饮料上。 而酒精饮料这种东西和食品一样，如果无度摄取就会导致严重的健康问题。”这一研究参考了对人们对待食品和酒精饮料的表现的研究和限制酒精饮料的效果，然后列出了研究者们认为用在垃圾食品上可能会有效果的五条措施。这些措施如下：密度限制：卖酒执照的发放不是毫无计划、来者有份的，而是根据一个地区已经存在的卖酒地点的数量进行分配。这样就使酒精饮料不那么容易得到，而且减少了对喝酒的心理暗示。研究者认为，与之类似，面对垃圾食品刺激了我们想吃它的欲望。 所以，为什么不限制食品销售点的密度呢，尤其是那些卖高热量低营养食品的销售点？还有，为什么不限制主营业务不是食品的商店的食品销售呢？陈列和销售限制：加利福尼亚有一项法