景观建筑词汇5.docx

1、景观建筑词汇5花园景观词汇接龙5building model建筑模型building environment model建筑环境模型disaster prevention design防灾设计fire protection design防火设计fire code防火规范fire hazard classification火灾分类fire compartmentation防火分区fire protection rating耐火等级building occupancy建筑用途separation distance防火间距combustible燃烧体non combustible非燃烧体flamma

2、bility着火性能flash point闪点fire endurance耐火极限safety exit安全出口egress time疏散时间fire wall防火墙fire break防火带fire door,fireproof door防火门fire window防火窗escape stair疏散楼梯shaft enclosure坚井封闭fire ladder消防梯water curtain水幕aseismic design, earthquake resistance design抗震设计vibration control design防振设计elastic mounting弹性支承so

3、ft floor covering软性覆面active insulation积极防振passive insulation消极隔振blast proof design防爆设计explosive material易爆物料explosive venting泄瀑dust collecting system吸尘系统electro magnetic shielding电磁屏蔽设计radiation proof design防辐射设计lead shielding铅板屏lightning prevention design避雷设计corrosion proof design防腐蚀设计building defe

4、ct建筑缺陷earth heaving地面隆起wall crazing, wall cracking墙体开裂water penetration建筑漏水dampness penetration建筑受潮surface sweating, condensation表面结露surface blistering表面起泡surface peeling表面剥落flaking表面片落brick efflorescence砖面泛白pipe bursting管道炸裂stack leaning烟囱倾斜beam sagging梁下垂roof ponding屋面积水building diagnosis建筑诊断build

5、ing cost建筑费用life cycle cost全寿命费用initial cost初建费用standardized classification标准分项cost item费用项目sitework场地工程site preparation场地准备site facility场地设施off site work场外工程substructure下部结构superstructure上部结构building envelope, enclosure围护结构interior partition内部隔断mechanical system机械系统electrical system电气系统fixed equipm

6、ent固定设备furnishing陈设furniture家俱specialties专门项目overhead cost管理费用contingencies未预见费用cost in use使用期费用energy cost能源费用maintenance cost维护费用repair cost修理费用replacement cost更换费用alteration cost更改费用demolition cost拆除费用salvage cost残值building economic life建筑经济寿命discount rate折现率present worth现值risk analysis风险分析decisi

7、on analysis决策分析pre occupation evaluation使用前评估post occupation evaluation, POE使用后评估technical performance技术性能functional performance使用性能behavioral performance行为性能buildability可建性safety安全性reliability可靠性durability耐久性commodity, practicality实用性habitability可居性quality of life, QOL社区生活质量privacy私密性identity识别性div

8、ersity多样性pluralism多元性unity统一性harmony谐和感comparison比拟repetition重复association联想openness开放性motion动态repose静态temporal spirit时代性national character民族性genius loci地方性sense of place场所感adaptability适应性contextuality文脉性environmental acoustics环境声学fundamental frequency基频basic frequency主频pure tone纯音diffraction衍射refle

9、ction反射refraction折射scattering散射effective sound pressure有效声压sound power声功率sound pressure level声压级sound intensity level声强级sound power level声功率级decibel, dB分贝frequency interval频程frequency spectrum频谱line spectrum线谱continuous spectrum连续谱audible sound可听声audibility threshold听阈masking effect掩蔽效应wave interfer

10、ence干涉noise噪声random noise无规噪声white noise白噪声pink noise粉红噪声characteristic impedance特性阻抗radiation impedance辐射阻抗pitch interval音程pitch音调musical quality音色loudness响度equal loudness contour等响曲线crest factor峰值因数sound quality音质sound ray声线geometrical acoustics几何声学wave acoustics波动声学statistical acoustics统计声学direct

11、 sound直达声sound field声场free sound field自由场diffuse field扩散场near field近场far field远场diffuse distance扩散距离mean free path平均自由程acoustic energy ratio声能比sound energy density声能密度sound energy flux声能通量impulsive sound脉冲声room constant房间常数acoustical design音质设计acoustical criteria音质评价标准reverberation混响reverberation ti

12、me混响时间optimum reverberation time最佳混响时间decay rate衰变率articulation清晰度fullness丰满度directivity factor指向性因数Hass effect哈斯效应early reflection早期反射声lateral refraction侧向反射声multiple echo多重回声flutter echo颤动回声sound focus声聚焦impulsive response脉冲响应acoustical feedback声反馈acoustical coupling声耦合diffuser扩散体diffuser格片diffuse

13、r散流器artificial reverberation人工混响sound image声像virtual sound source虚声源stereophonic system立体声系统Sabine coefficient赛宾吸声系数coloration染色效应sound absorption吸声acoustical reflectivity声反射系数sound absorption material吸声材料sound absorption coefficient吸声系数normal incidence absorption coefficient法向入射吸声系数random incidence

14、 absorption coefficient随机入射吸声系数equivalent absorption area等效吸声面积room absorption房间吸声量noise reduction coefficient, NRC降噪系数sound absorption reduction吸声降噪porous absorption material多孔吸声材料sound absorption construction吸声结构resonance absorption共振吸收Helmholtz resonator亥姆霍兹共振器microperforated absorber微穿孔吸声结构perfo

15、rated percentage穿孔率suspended absorber空间吸声体effective flow resistance有效流阻electronic absorber电子吸声器wedge absorber吸声尖劈edge effect边缘效应structure factor结构因数noise control噪声控制noise reduction噪声降低background noise背景噪声A weighted sound pressure levelA计权声级equivalent continuous A sound level等效连续A声级cumulative statist

16、ical sound level累计统计声级day night equivalent sound level昼夜等效声级noisiness噪度effective perceived noise level有效感觉噪声级speech interference level语言干扰级ambient noise环境噪声noise rating contour, NR contour噪声评价曲线noise rating number噪声评价数noise pollution level噪声污染级noise impact噪声冲击permitted noise level in room室内允许噪声级natu

17、ral attenuation自然衰减muffler消声器duct attenuation管道消声jet noise喷注噪声silence pit消声坑lined elbow消声弯头cut off frequency截止频率antisound反声acoustical hologram声全息图regenerated noise再生噪声sonic boom废声hearing loss听力损失auditory fatigue听觉疲劳audiometric zero level听力零级random vibration随机振动vibration isolation隔振vibration pickup拾振

18、器transmissibility传递比dynamic vibration absorber动力吸振器equal vibration feeling contour振动等响曲线static deflection静态压缩量internal damping内阻尼damping ratio阻尼比air borne sound空气声solid borne sound固体声impact sound撞击声sound transmission coefficient透射系数insertion loss插入损失sound insulation factor隔声量sound transmission class

19、, STC透射等级coincidence effect吻合效应flanking sound transmission侧向传声sound bridge声桥sound lock声锁sound insulation enclosure隔声罩noise barrier隔声屏障sound insulation curtain隔声幕sound shadow声影区active sound reduction有源减噪reference sound source标准噪声源tapping machine标准撞击器acoustical lens声透镜ear defender护耳器end reflection los

20、s末端反射损失lumen流明 符号lmcandela坎德拉符号cdlux勒克斯 符号lxvision视觉photopic vision明视觉scotopic vision暗视觉mesopic vision中间视觉visual acuity视力visual performance视觉功效lightness adaptation明适应darkness adaptation暗适应hue色调chroma彩度color appearance色表color rendering显色性color temperature色温glare眩光veiling reflection光幕反射luminance contr

21、ast亮度对比visual environment视觉环境visual task视觉作业visual display视觉显示work plane工作面illumination meter, luxmeter照度计luminance meter亮度计goniophotometer光强分布测定仪integrating sphere积分球colorimeter色度计photocell光电池spectral luminous efficiency光谱光视效率daylighting采光sunlight直射光skylight天空光skylight天窗daylight昼光又称“天然光”。overcast s

22、ky全阴天天空clear sky全晴天天空average sky平均天空light climate光照气候light climate factor光照气候系数outdoor critical illuminance室外临界照度daylight factor采光系数glazing floor area ratio窗地面积比lateral daylighting侧面采光top daylighting顶部采光daylight uniformity采光均匀度glare index of window窗眩光指数daylight opening采光口artificial sky人工天空sunshine日照

23、orientation朝向standard time标准时local time地方时sunshine duration日照时数possible sunshine duration可照时数relative sunshine duration日照百分率sunshine area日照面积sunshine spacing日照间距flagpole shadow paths棒影图sunshade, awning遮阳horizontal sunshade水平遮阳vertical sunshade垂直遮阳comprehensive sunshade综合式遮阳screen sunshade档板式遮阳sunshade characteristics diagram遮阳特性图sunshade hours遮阳时间dark room暗室illumination, lighting照明