完形.docx

1、完形完形填空一、高考完形填空命题趋势选材特点: 以记叙文为主, 多以记叙文和夹叙夹意为主命题特点: (1) 设空特点: 名词 动词(5-8个)为主 (2) 考点层次分三部: 里边层次：(语篇层次30%以上)体现了突出语篇的命题思路句子层次：(占70%左右)单词层次：(只须读懂单词所在句子就能做,分数较少) (3)考查重点: 短文第一句不设问.高考完形填空题型特点1. 以叙为主, 叙议结合; 2. 篇章短小, 意义完整;3. 首句完整, 主题明确;4. 结构清晰, 层次分明;5. 考查语境, 侧重辨析;6. 实词为主, 虚词为辅;7. 逻辑推理, 隐于语篇;8. 常识语法, 每年出现。完型填空

2、之能力训练目标：1.词语辨析能力2.语法结构分析能力3.语篇理解能力4.逻辑推理能力5.文化背景透析能力6.作者意图剖析能力8.生活常识综合运用能力二、考生易失分之处：1、忽视行文逻辑，断章取义，就题论题。2、脱离语境，滥用固定搭配。3、缺乏必要的生活常识和不了解中西文化的差异。做题三忌：v 急于求成，未通读全文便忙于答题，不了解文意，无整体概念边读边填，两眼忙于空白与选项之间，欲速则不达。v 只抠字眼，语法，不顾文意，抓不住关键。v 断章取义，就题论题，不管前后联系，互不照应，前后矛盾。三、做题三步法方法：四、巧解完形填空高分技巧1、研究首尾找主题2、上下联系寻信息3、左顾右盼找搭配4、思前

3、想后觅逻辑5、语境分析辨词义6、集中精力破难题7、回读检查补漏洞1、提高阅读能力（速度、理解）2、打好语法基础 （固定搭配）3、扩充词汇量（动词、名词）4、增长生活常识，培养广泛的兴趣爱好5、多做多练，以提高实战能力How to get high scores？1. 正确的答题步骤2. 必要的答题技巧3. 适量的实践训练完型填空实战四招：抓首抓住首句,预测全文。完形填空所选短文多没有标题,但一般首句是一个不设空(或较简单)的完整的句子,往往用以点明短文的体裁,如议论、说明或叙述等。因此,我们在解题时一定要注意以首句的时态、语态及表述方式为立足点来进行逻辑思维,判断文章体裁,找出文章中心。捕眼捕

4、捉题眼,寻找契机所谓“题眼”,就是指那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词以及能够帮助我们解决问题问题的特定的语境。捕捉题眼,就是要迅速找到语篇中的特殊的内在联系那些表示因果、递进、转折、指代等意义的连接词及动词、形容词、副词、同位语等,还有那些明确具体的事实(如时间、地点、人物、形状、色彩、顺序),以及它们之间的关系等。跳身避难就易,节省时间在解题过程中,我们应该遵循“先易后难”的原则,遇到少数疑难问题时不可徘徊不前。为了不影响做题速度,我们可以暂时跳过难点,去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接具体的问题。或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或明确的表示,或许一个在前面不能解的题在填出了另一空后

5、会令你豁然开朗。一般说来,固定词组、习惯搭配、常见句型及明显的语法结构等易于判断。扫尾复读全文,解决残敌到了这时,借助已经补全的空白,我们应该对全文有了更清楚的理解,可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题,如采用排除法逐步缩小包围圈等方法。对于实在无从下手的个别题目,我们则完全可以凭语感来确定：把几个选项逐一放在空格内念两遍,哪个念起来顺口、舒服就选哪个。注意：凭语感选定的答案不要轻易改动,因为最初的感觉很可能是正确的。在各空都已填出后,再复读全文。我们必须重视这最后的弥补疏漏,改正错误的扫尾机会,以争取最好成绩。一、利用首句来解题，根据全文来选择 首句一般不设空。因此我们应重视首句，并利用首句预测

6、短文的问题和全文内容。1. I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was and when I was 14 he said, “Youre never going to be anything but a failure. ” A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful2. Dorothy Brown was very happy as she sat in the theatre listening to the music. Today her little daughter Lau

7、ren was giving her first concert. She had been waiting for this moment for years and years. “Now it is here at last,” she thought. “How beautiful her _1_ is.”The song made her go back to the days when she was Laurens age. As a young girl, Dorothy wanted to be a concert singer. She studied _2_ in Fra

8、nce, Italy and in the United States. “You can become a fine _3_ in the future,” her teachers told her. “But you must be prepared to study hard and work for many years. 1. A. voice B. face C. dress D. life2. A. French B. music C. piano D. dance3. A. actress B. student C. singer D. dancer二、根据上下文语境，合理推

9、断来解题1. Our father was a struggling lawyer, but I always knew he was . He never criticized us, but used_ to bring out our best. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise2. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although his famil

10、y often about that, Ed refused to buy a T-shirt or to lose weight. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker三、利用语篇标志解题常见语篇标志词语：结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly；逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so；递进关系：besides, whats more, further;转折关系：but, while, however, on the other han

11、d等。She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable D. important因此，我们要善于找出（“三找”）： 一找. 逻辑关系题（转折、让步、解释、对立、因果、并列、总分、递进）二找. NOT（在原文中找not）三找. AND（在原文中找and）四

12、、根据逻辑推理解题and the officers then began to eat their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _quite pleasant taste. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 五、根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. Owning springs and streams sometimes means control, p

13、articularly in the areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 六、从语法角度来解题I went into a caf and asked for a coffee . I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place, but I sensed loneliness. A. Before BSince CAlthough DWhile2. Have you ever shouted at a teach

14、er, told someone you were lonely, or said you were in love, and then_ later you had kept your mouth shut?23. A. wished B. hoped C. blamed D. shared解题思路：利用语法分析解题，选项中的动词都是过去式，其后句宾语从句had kept是过去完成时，故判断是虚拟。七、从惯用法和固定搭配方面来解题 He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming _.So he shouldnt have gone into

15、 that place. .A.after all B. in all C.at all D. for all八、从词语辨析的角度来解题When, two weeks later, I this same boy, I was more aware of my position in Nigerian society. I should enjoy this country as the son of a minister.A. ran after B. ran into C. ran over D. ran to 九根据找复现同现解题复现 复现是一种词汇衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词、反义词、

16、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等形式，重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，理解文章的结构和语境，利用文章中的复现现象来选择正确答案。(1)原词复现。为了表达的需要，在具体的上下文中同一个单词重复出现。如：All of a sudden I started to feel rather _. She wondered why I was looking for this sort of _. I felt even more helpless when she told me that it would be difficult to g

17、et a job without experience.A. encouraged B. dissatisfied C. helpless D. pleasedA. place B. job C. advice D. help (2)同义词、近义词复现。同义词、近义词复现是借助意思相同或相近的表达方式，或解释性的语言使上下文的语义得以连接起来。如：That is what a hobby means, I guess. It is something we like to do in our spare time simply for the _ of it. The value in dol

18、lars is not important; we do it for the pleasure it gives us.A. benefit B. good C. fun D. interest(3)反义词复现。语意的连贯有时是通过对比结构而采用反义复现的手段，或者是以反义的方式对前文加以解释，考生可以从反义的角度判断正确的选项。如：Forcing yourself to recall almost never helps because it doesnt _ your money; it only tightens it.A.loosen B.weaken C.decrease D.re

19、duce(4)同源词复现。对于上下文语义复现的表达，还可借助复现信息的同源词或同根词。如：Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. If a long reading assignment is given, the instructors expect students to be familiar with the information in the readingWhen research is _, the professor expects the stud

20、ent to take it actively and to complete it with minimum guidance.A. collected B. assigned C. distributed D. finished(5)上义词复现。上义词具有概括的作用。在篇章中，有时为了表达的需要，作者会先概述，再分述。概述时用的为上义词，分述则用比较具体的下义词，两者为总分关系。如：Other times, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of : agriculture, diving and mathematics.A

21、. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents同现同现指意义上相互联系的单词同时出现在同一句话或同一语篇中，以确保语篇的和谐性、得体性。由于单词意义的差别、所使用的语境不同，因此所使用的上下文也各有差异。(1)场所同现。如：On days, she wore heavy clothes and a pair of woolen gloves.A. sunny B. rainy C. cloudy D. snowy(2)修饰同现。如：Although these wide modern roads are generally _ and well m

22、aintained, with little sharp curvesand many straight _, a direct route is not always the most enjoyable one.A. stable B. smooth C. splendidD. complicatedA. selections B. separationsC. series D. sections(3)因果同现。如：“Hooray!” shouted the crowd. It was the loudest I had ever heard at a meeting. The first

23、-place runner was two laps ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.A. cheer B. shout C. cry D. noise(4)结构同现。如：Sometimes he would invite a student to a game of chess. , he would join student groups to discuss a variety of subjects: agriculture, diving, mathematics.A. As a matter of fact B. La

24、ter on C. Other times D. In general(5)同义同现。如：If a student has problem with classroom work, the student should either _ a professor duringoffice hours or make an appointment.A. greet B. attach C. approach D. annoy复现同现法解题综合练习：1. Travelling west, you set your clock _; travelling east, you set it ahead.

25、 A. behind B. forward C. back D. ahead2. Usually it cannot (get out) because the outside of the earth is too thick and strong. But in some places the outside of the earth is _ and weak. A. thin B. thick C. flat D. rough3. Liumei is among the _ ones. The Chinese University of Hong Kong granted (答应给）L

26、iu a full scholarship - HK$500,000. Not all students are so fortunate. A. poor B. smart C. lucky D. silent 4. First of all, he was a window-cleaner and in his first week he managed to_ six windows. A. rub B. drop C. break D. clean5. They looked rather _23_ because the overcoats were too big for them

27、.A. strange B. young C. nervous D. excited6. We were _ to go back for class again when the headmaster called us together and said, A. about B. able C. sorry D. sure7. Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _ friends while others like different fr

28、iends. Personally I prefer both.Having similar friends has many advantages. A. true B. right C. same D. similar8. The professor marched into the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 38 how many beans the jar contained. After listening

29、 to shouts of wildly wrong guesses the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the correct answer, and.Acount B. guess C. report D. watch9. Every Thursday afternoon, my art history class meets not in our usual lecture hall (演讲厅) but in our university Art Museum. We spend our one-hour class dis

30、cussing two or there of the _: many of which are by artists that we have already studied in class. A. subjects B. paintings C. speeches D. lectures10. I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion11. I believe that a mixture of friends is equally advantageous. One can _ from various sorts of friends in three aspects. First, frequent contacts with different friends br