核按钮语法部分.docx

1、核按钮语法部分高考英语重点语法专题复习总述语篇型语法填空题考点分析与突破2014年全国高考英语新课标试卷结构发生了重大的变化。风行几十年之久的单句型语法知识选择题消失了，新的语篇型语法填空题面世，这无疑是英语高考改革的一个重要举措。语篇型语法填空题进一步加大了对语言运用能力的考查力度，降低了对纯语言知识的考查权重。客观而论，其对英语语法的考查更趋科学。英语语法是中学英语学习的重点，也是高考的重点。2015年全国高考英语科考试大纲明确指出：“要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题。”因此，语法知识是否扎实，既关系到考生今后英语学习能力的提高，又直接影响到考生高考英

2、语成绩。为了帮助考生扎实掌握英语语法基础知识和快速提高英语语法基本技能，我们对2014年考试大纲的说明中所给的全国新课标试卷的语篇型语法填空题样题的语法考点进行了统计分析(见下表)，以帮助考生在复习备考过程中做到有的放矢，加强高考语法复习的针对性和有效性。题号提示词正确答案考点分析61.happenhappened考查时态。提示词为不及物动词。考查时态语态时，有提示动词。除一般现在时和一般过去时外，其他时态和语态均要用23个词作答。62./when考查时间状语从句。无提示词。考查句子之间的关系时，无提示词。作答时要在分析前后两句是并列句还是复合句之后填写正确的连词。63.gogone考查非谓语

3、动词(过去分词)。提示词为不及物动词。考查非谓语动词时，有提示动词。作答时要辨明提示动词是否及物以及与句中其他成分的关系，决定使用哪一种非谓语形式。不定式和现在分词的完成式可能要23个词作答。64.earlyearlier考查比较级。提示词为副词。考查比较级时，有提示形容词或副词。一般用一个词作答。另外，提示词为形容词时，也可能考查其变为副词。65.makemaking考查非谓语动词(动名词)。提示词为及物动词。(同63题的分析)66./Anyway / Besides考查(逻辑)副词。无提示词。考查(逻辑)副词或逻辑关系的表达时，无提示词。考查重在对前后句意的理解，分清它们的逻辑关系。此题还

4、可有另外的答案，如：Anyhow, What s more等。67./it考查代词。无提示词。考查代词一般无提示词。多注重对替代词、不定代词等的考查。68./the考查冠词。无提示词。考查冠词一般无提示词。注意冠词的基本用法。69./must考查情态动词。无提示词。考查情态动词一般无提示词。作答时应分析句子要表达的准确情感态度，掌握情态动词的基本用法。70./mind / memory考查名词(搭配)。无提示词。考查名词无提示词时，常考查搭配和语意；有提示词时要注意名词的复数变化。从上面的分析中，我们可知语篇型语法填空题有如下特点：1. 语篇构架： 在一篇200词左右的语言材料(对话或短文)中

5、留出10个空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容(1个单词)或所提供单词的正确形式。(2014年样题选材是对话，10个小题均只须填1个单词；而2015年样题为2014年全国新课标卷的真题，选材为短文，10个小题中有9个只须填1个单词，1个要填2个单词。)2. 语篇设题：2014年样题所给提示词为4处(其中3个是动词，1个是副词)，无提示词为6处，而2015年样题所给提示词为7处，无提示词为3处。3. 所给提示词处(可填13个单词)主要考查：(1)提示词为动词的，考查时态语态(如61题)，非谓语动词(如63、65题)，还可考查变名词变形容词。(2)提示词为

6、形容词或副词的，考查比较级(如64题)，还可以考查形容词变副词。 (3)提示词为名词的，考查名词的复数形式或变形容词、动词等。4. 无提示词处(只填1个单词)主要考查：连词各种从句的引导词(如62题)句首副词(如66题，表达句子的逻辑关系)情态动词(如69题)代词(如67题)冠词(如68题)搭配(名)词(如70题，根据句意或文意得出)。据此，我们提出如下备考建议：1. 分类训练，重点突破。根据近年全国新课标卷和2015年考试说明中语篇型语法填空题对语法的考查，我们归纳概括了十一个语法复习专题，以帮助考生分类训练，夯实基础；由句到篇，重点突破。2. 要熟练掌握重点单词的词形变换形式。如：形容词或

7、副词的比较级形式和形容词变副词；动词变名词或形容词；动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。3. 加强阅读，注重掌握句子之间的逻辑关系，掌握一些常见的表达逻辑关系的词汇及其运用。下面分专题讲述。专题一英语句法结构考点分析与突破英语语法包括词法和句法两部分。前者是指词的结构、形式和类别的变化，后者是指各类词在句子中的变化和排列组合形式。英语句子按结构可分为：简单句、并列句和复合句；按照使用目的和交际功能可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。掌握好英语句法是提高英语能力的突破口。近年高考对句法着重考查如下几点：1对简单句的考查： 主语和谓语在人称数上的一致(详见专题四)； 并列谓语与现在分词作伴随状语的判

8、定； 对主系表结构中系动词的判定和表语结构的考查。2对并列句的考查：主要考查并列连词的使用。3对复合句的考查： 主要考查定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(详见专题八至十)。4反意疑问句的构成。5在祈使句中运用“do动词原形”表示强调的使用。6感叹句构成的两种句型。年 份考 点2009与must有关的反意疑问句2010do在祈使句中加强语气2011并列连词but连接上下文的用法2012并列连词while在并列句中表示对比转折2013并列连词or在并列句中的运用2014并列连词and在并列句中的运用1. (2009陕西卷改编) He must be helping the old man to wa

9、ter the flowers, _ he? 2. (2010四川卷改编) If you have a job, _ devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed.3. (2011全国卷改编) Someone wants you on the phone. _ nobody knows I am here. 4. (2012四川卷改编) At school, some students are active _ some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.5. (201

10、3北京卷改编) Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs_ you could have problems.6. (2014全国卷) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.Key：1. isnt2. do3. But4. while5. or6. and热 点 清 单1.简单句的构成2.主系表结构3.并列句4.反意疑问句5. 祈使句6.感叹句 考点1.简单句的构成一个

11、句子是否为简单句，不能以长短来判断，而是取决于主谓结构的个数。由一个主谓结构组成的句子为简单句。其四种构成模式如下：1一个主语 一个谓语。如：Everyone agreed with the idea.2多个主语 一个谓语。如：Tom and Mary have been married.两个并列主语必须用并列连词连接，三个以上并列主语，前面两者之间用逗号隔开，只在最后一个主语之前加并列连词。人称代词单数的排列顺序为第二人称、第三人称和第一人称。3一个主语 多个谓语。如：He sat there, and read a novel.两个并列谓语必须用并列连词连接，三个以上并列谓语，前面几个用逗

12、号隔开，只在最后一个谓语前加并列连词。如：He went home, took off his coat, washed his hands and began to have dinner, looking very happy.句中and的出现标志着并列成分的结束，began是最后一个谓语动词，looking是非谓语形式，在此作伴随状语。4多个主语 多个谓语。如：Jim and Bill worked hard and were praised before the class.1. (2014全国卷) But the river wasnt changed in a few days _

13、 even a few months. 2. On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, bought some bananas _ visited her cousin.3. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, _ soon returned to his old ways.Key：1. or 2. and 3. but 考点2.主系表结构1. be动词：根据人称和时态，其变化形式为：am/is/arewas/werebeenbeing。be动词主要用在以下两种情况中：(1)当句中

14、动词表达“是”的含义时，如：His parents are both scientists.(2)当句中无行为动词，只有形容词、副词、介词等作表语时，如：I am against you.2其他系动词：下列动词在作系动词时，后接形容词、非谓语动词、副词、介词短语等作表语。(1)五个“变”：become, get, turn, go, grow。其中turn多接表示数字或颜色的形容词；go常与bad/ill/wrong等向消极方面转化的形容词搭配；grow表示逐渐的变化，常与old/rich搭配。如：As Autumn is coming, leaves are turning yellow.T

15、he meat has gone bad.Our parents are growing old.(2)五个“感官动词”：look, smell, taste, sound, feel。如：He looked sad.此句中look“看上去”是系动词，后接形容词作表语。He looked sadly at me. 此句中look是行为动词，后接副词作状语。(3)三个“保持”：keep (保持), stay (持续保持), remain (仍然保持)。如：Please keep quiet.It has stayed cloudy for a week.Candy has been on a d

16、iet for a month, but she remains fat.(4)两个“似乎”：seem, appear。appear 表示从表面上看“似乎”，而seem 表示根据一定理论依据判断。如：He appears to be very old, but in fact he is only 40.(5)两个“证明是，结果是”：prove, turn out。(6)固定用法：fall ill/asleep, stand still, come true。用法说明：1系动词一般无进行时态，无被动语态，但become, get, go, grow, turn, feel (感觉)作系动词时有

17、进行时态。2. seem, appear, prove, turn out, remain后接to be adj.时，其中to be常可省略。如： He seems (to be) very happy today.4. (2014辽宁卷) My legs become _ (pain). 5. Do you like the silk material?Yes, it feels very _(softly)6. (2014全国卷) Still, the boy kept _ (ride). Key：4. painful 5. soft 6. riding 考点3.并列句并列句指由两个相互独

18、立而又相关的主谓结构组成的句子。其结构常为：简单句 并列连词 简单句。高考常考查并列连词的选用。常用的并列连词有：1. 表示顺承关系：and, and then。如：Hurry up, and we can catch the bus.2. 表示转折关系：but, while(表示对比转折), or, or else等。如：Hurry up, or we will be late.He was busy but he managed to help me.Tom is tall and strong while his brother is short and weak.3. 表示选择关系：o

19、r, or else。如：Will you leave yourself or shall I call a policeman?4. 表示因果关系：so, and so, and therefore, and thus, for等。 for 表示推测或补充说明的原因。如：It must have rained last night for the ground is wet.7. Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to, _ Im too busy.8. Would you like a cup of coffee _ shal

20、l we get down to business right away?9. There is no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery _ another man, also intelligent, fails.Key：7. but 8. or 9. while 考点4.反意疑问句句子按照用途分为陈述句、祈使句、疑问句和感叹句。其中疑问句分为：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。高考题中常考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句又称附加疑问句，由“陈述句简短附加疑问句”构成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所述事实或观点提

21、出疑问，用以要求对方证实所述之事。反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是“肯定陈述否定疑问”或“否定陈述肯定疑问”，即应遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”原则。下面是反意疑问句构成的几种特殊情况。1当陈述句中谓语动词出现否定前缀时，疑问部分用否定形式。如：He dislikes English, doesnt he?2当陈述句中出现there be句型时，疑问部分仍用there be。如：There was a bus stop here，wasnt there?3当陈述句中出现了little, seldom, hardly, rarely, nowhere, never, by no means 等表示否定含

22、义的副词或短语时，疑问部分用肯定形式。如：He seldom tells a lie, does he?4当陈述句中出现了复合句，疑问部分应与主句的主谓保持一致。如：He said that he had been married，didnt he?5当陈述句中出现了must，意为“必须”时，疑问部分仍可用must；但must表示推测时，疑问部分就用与事实相符的时态形式。如：He must be at home，isnt he?He must be sleeping now，isnt he?He must have come late yesterday，didnt he?He must ha

23、ve known the result，havent he?6当陈述句中出现下面几种情况时，疑问部分的主谓应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致。(1)当陈述句中出现Im sure时，如：Im sure he will help you, wont he?(2)当主句的主语是第一人称I/we，而且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, guess, expect, suppose, imagine等时，如：I think you are right, arent you?I dont think you are right, are you?We dont believe that the new

24、s is true, is it?7当陈述句为It is the first time thatclause句型时，疑问部分用isnt it。如：It is the first time that you have come here，isnt it?10. You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday, _ you?11. Bills plan is to finish his papers before the end of the month, isnt _？12. Im sure youd rather she went to schoo

25、l by bus, wouldnt _？Key：10. didnt 11. it12. you 考点5.祈使句祈使句表示命令、请求、建议等，一般以行为动词原形开头， beadj. 也可构成祈使句。1. 肯定形式：Sit down, please!Be quiet.Let us have a rest.Lets have a talk.Tom, you come to my office!2. 否定形式：Dont be late!Please dont speak!Never forget me!3. 强调形式：Do be more careful next time!Do write to m

26、e as soon as possible.4. 祈使句的反意疑问句：在祈使句中，只有lets反问时用shall we, 其他一律用will you形式，如：Lets have a discussion about how to learn English, shall we?Let us take a break, will you?13. _ (turn) down the TVthe babys asleep in the next room. 14. Be sure to write to us, will _？ 15. Alice, you feed the bird today,

27、_ you? But I fed it yesterday.16. (2014湖南卷改编) _ (make) what you are doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it.Key：13. Turn 14. you 15. will 16. Make 考点6.感叹句感叹句有两种主要句型：1. What a/an adj. 单数可数名词 主语 谓语 其他！What adj. 复数可数名词主语 谓语 其他！What adj. 不可数名词 主语 谓语 其他！2How adj. a/an 单数可数名

28、词 主语 谓语 其他！How adj./adv. 主语 谓语 其他！17. Oh, John. _ a pleasant surprise you gave us!18. _ terrible weather weve been having these days!19. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bike. _ dangerous a scene it was!Key：17. What18. What19. How阅读下列句子，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。1. A

29、 man outside wants to see you._ no one knows Im working here.2. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. 3. Leave it with me _ Ill see what I can do. 4. Find ways to praise your children often, _ youll find they will open their hearts to you. 5. What fruit would you like? Grapes _ peaches. Either will do for me.6. Look! _ great trouble I am in! If only I had taken your advice.7. _ lovely a garden Mrs Jones keeps!8. He looked _ (relax), giving us the impression that he had enjoyed his holiday.9. You will be allowed to join the club when you grow _