曼昆宏观经济学Chapter01习题和答案解析.docx

1、曼昆宏观经济学Chapter01习题和答案解析Chapter 1Ten Principles of EconomicsMULTIPLE CHOICE1. The word that comes from the Greek word for “one who manages a household” is a. market. b. consumer. c. producer. d. economy.ANSWER: d. economy.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 12. The word economy comes from the Greek word f

2、or a. “environment.” b. “one who manages a household.” c. “one who participates in a market.” d. “conservation.”ANSWER: b. “one who manages a household.”TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 13. Households and economies have each of the following in common EXCEPT both a. must allocate scarce resources. b.

3、face many decisions. c. must allocate the goods and services they produce. d. must have a central decisionmaker.ANSWER: d. must have a central decisionmaker.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 24. Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. scarcity. b. poverty. c. change. d. power.ANSWER: a. scarci

4、ty.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 15. Which of the following is NOT included in the decisions that every society must make? a. what goods will be produced b. who will produce goods c. what determines consumer preferences d. who will consume the goodsANSWER: c. what determines consumer preferencesTYP

5、E: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 26. Both households and societies face many decisions because a. resources are scarce. b. populations may increase or decrease over time. c. wages for households and therefore society fluctuate with business cycles. d. people, by nature, tend to disagree.ANSWER: a. resour

6、ces are scarce.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 27. A good is considered scarce in a society when a. more output of the good is possible. b. everyone in that society cannot have all they want of the good. c. the government restricts production of the good. d. only the richest people in the economy can

7、 buy all they want of the good.ANSWER: b. everyone in that society cannot have all they want of the good.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 28. Scarcity exists when a. there is less than an infinite amount of a resource or good. b. society can meet the wants of every individual. c. there is less of a go

8、od or resource available than people wish to have. d. the government fails to produce goods.ANSWER: c. there is less of a good or resource available than people wish to have.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 29. Which of the following would NOT be true in a world without scarcity? a. There would be no

9、need for the science of economics. b. Everyone would have all the goods and services they wanted. c. There would have to be an infinite supply of every resource. d. There would be opportunity costs.ANSWER: c. There would have to be an infinite supply of every resource.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY:

10、210. Approximately what percentage of the worlds economies experience scarcity? a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 100%ANSWER: d. 100%TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 111. When a society cannot produce all the goods and services people wish to have it is said that the economy is experiencing a. scarcity. b. comm

11、unism. c. externalities. d. market failure.ANSWER: a. scarcity.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 112. For society, a good is not scarce if a. at least one individual in society can obtain all he or she wants of the good. b. firms are producing at full capacity. c. all members of society can have all th

12、ey want of it. d. those who have enough income can buy all they want of the good.ANSWER: c. all members of society can have all they want of it.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 213. Which product would be considered scarce? a. Nike shoes b. Monet paintings c. 1-carat diamonds d. All of the above are c

13、orrect.ANSWER: d. All of the above are correct.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 214. Which of the following goods best meets the definition of scarcity? a. air b. water in the ocean c. water in a city d. wood in a forestANSWER: c. water in a cityTYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 215. Economics is defined

14、 as the study of a. business. b. how society manages its scarce resources. c. central planning. d. government regulation.ANSWER: b. how society manages its scarce resources.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 116. Economics is the study of a. how society manages its scarce resources. b. the governments r

15、ole in society. c. how a market system functions. d. how to increase production.ANSWER: a. how society manages its scarce resources.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 117. In most societies, resources are allocated by a. a single central planner. b. those who own the resources. c. those firms that use r

16、esources to provide goods and services. d. the combined actions of millions of households and firms.ANSWER: d. the combined actions of millions of households and firms.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 218. Economists study all of the following EXCEPT a. how people make decisions. b. how people interac

17、t with one another. c. the forces and trends that affect the economy as a whole. d. how societies change over time.ANSWER: d. how societies change over time.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 219. Which of the following is NOT a major area of study for economists? a. how people make decisions b. how cou

18、ntries choose national leaders c. how people interact with each other d. how forces and trends affect the overall economyANSWER: b. how countries choose national leadersTYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 220. The adage, “There is no such thing as a free lunch,” is used to illustrate the concept of a. tr

19、adeoffs. b. scarcity. c. productivity. d. efficiency.ANSWER: a. tradeoffs.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 221. The adage, “There is no such thing as a free lunch,” means a. even people on welfare have to pay for food. b. the cost of living is always increasing. c. to get something we like, we usually

20、 have to give up another thing we like. d. all costs are included in the price of a product.ANSWER: c. to get something we like, we usually have to give up another thing we like.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 222. Economists use the phrase “There is no such thing as a free lunch,” to illustrate a. h

21、ow inflation increases prices. b. that to get one thing, we must give up something else. c. that nothing is free in a market economy. d. that if something looks too good to be true, it probably is.ANSWER: b. that to get one thing, we must give up something else.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 223. Wh

22、ich best represents the concept represented by the adage, “There is no such thing as a free lunch”? a. Melissa can only attend the concert if she takes her sister with her. b. Greg is hungry and homeless. c. Brian must repair the tire on his bike before he can ride it to class. d. Kendra must decide

23、 between going to Colorado or Cancun for spring break.ANSWER: d. Kendra must decide between going to Colorado or Cancun for spring break.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 324. Guns and butter are used to represent the classic societal tradeoff between spending on a. durable and nondurable goods. b. imp

24、orts and exports. c. national defense and consumer goods. d. law enforcement and agriculture.ANSWER: c. national defense and consumer goods.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 225. Henry decides to spend two hours playing golf rather than working at his job which pays $8 per hour. Henrys tradeoff is a. t

25、he $16 he could have earned working for two hours. b. nothing, because he enjoys playing golf more than working. c. the increase in skill he obtains from playing golf for those two hours. d. nothing, because he spent $16 for green fees to play golf.ANSWER: a. the $16 he could have earned working for

26、 two hours.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 226. When society requires that firms reduce pollution, there is a. a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms owners, workers, and customers. b. no tradeoff, since everyone benefits from reduced pollution. c. no tradeoff for society as a whole, sinc

27、e the cost of reducing pollution falls only on the firms affected by the requirements. d. a tradeoff only if some firms are forced to close.ANSWER: a. a tradeoff because of reduced incomes to the firms owners, workers, and customers.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 327. Daniel decides to spend the las

28、t two hours of the night before his economics exam studying instead of sleeping. For Daniel, his tradeoff would be a. nothing, since no dollar value can be put on sleep. b. nothing, since studying would be more beneficial than sleep. c. the six hours of sleep he could have had if he had gone to bed

29、before midnight. d. the two hours of rest he would have gotten.ANSWER: d. the two hours of rest he would have gotten.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 228. A tradeoff exists between a clean environment and a higher level of income in that a. studies show that individuals with higher levels of income ac

30、tually pollute less than low-income individuals. b. to pay for pollution clean-up, the government must increase taxes which lowers income. c. laws that reduce pollution raise costs of production and reduce incomes. d. by employing individuals to clean up pollution, employment and income both rise.AN

31、SWER: c. laws that reduce pollution raise costs of production and reduce incomes.TYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 329. Which of the following would NOT be a result of laws that require firms to reduce pollution? a. lower spending by government b. higher prices to consumers c. lower wages to workers d. smaller profit to firmsANSWER: a. lower spending by governmentTYPE: M SECTION: 1 DIFFICULTY: 230. Pollution regulations will a. increase profit to firms. b. impose a tradeoff on society. c. allow firms to raise workers wages. d. lower prices for consumers.ANSWER: b. im