大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点 练习题.docx

1、大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点 练习题大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点（一）虚拟语气：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。1由“ if ”引导的虚拟语气（1）与现在的事实相反：(从句：If . + were/did.，主句：.+ would / could / might / should do.)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. （事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there wo

2、uld be no living things on the earth. (事实：地球上既有空气也有水)（2）与过去的事实相反：(从句：If . + had done.，主句：.+would / could / might / should have done.)If I had gotten there earlier, I should / could have met her. （事实：去晚了）If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.（事实：没有听我的话）（3）与将来的事实可能相反：(从句If .

3、+ should /were to do.，主句：.+ would do.)If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? （事实：可能不下雨）（4）表示错综复杂的条件：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，一个发生在过去，一个发生在现在。If Paul had received six more votes in the last election，he would be our chairman now.主句的谓语部分为 would be，因为有 now 限制；而从句的谓语部分为had received，因为从句时间为过去（in the last

4、election）。主句和从句属不同的时间范畴，分别用各自对应的谓语形式。（5）跳层式条件结构形式：条件结构通过跳过一层以含蓄的方式表达出来，因此行文简练。表示同现在事实相反之假想：would / could do + but接现在时陈述句表示同过去事实相反之假想：would / could have done + but接过去时陈述句He would gain weight but he doesnt eat enough. 主句He would gain weight后跳过了if he ate enough 这一条件句。I would have gone with you but I wa

5、s too tired. 主句I would have gone with you后跳过了if I had not been tired 这一条件句。（6）虚拟条件句的倒装：虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。Had Paul received six more votes in the last election，he would be our chairman now. （7）与介词连用表示条件的结构形式：通过without, but for 表示条件。Without your gui

6、dance, we should / would fail.But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned.2用在表示建议、命令、要求等的宾语从句中从句谓语形式为：“.(should ) + do sth.”（在美语中should常省去）。类似用法的动词有：suggest（建议），advise（建议），propose（建议），recommend（推荐），move（动议），urge （敦促），advocate（拥护、提倡）；command （命令），order（命令）；demand（要求），desire（要求、请求），request（

7、请求），require（需要、要求），ask（要求），maintain（坚决主张），insist（坚持要求）；decide（决定），arrange（安排）等后面的宾语从句中。这些词的名词形式后的同位语从句或表语从句谓语形式也为：“.(should ) + do sth.”（在美语中should常省去）。My suggestion is that a special committee (should) be set up to look into the problem. （建立起特别委员会以便调查问题）My suggestion that a special committee (shoul

8、d) be set up to look into the problem is still in the air.3用在“It + be + important (necessary, essential, desirable, vital, compulsory, crucial, imperative, natural, obligatory, preferable, strange, urgent, desirable等表“重要的、必须的”的形容词，以及表示“建议、命令、要求”等词的分词或形容词形式如insisted, suggested, ordered, requested, ar

9、ranged, recommended, advisable,等) + that .”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中，谓语形式为：“.(should ) + do sth.”。It is strange that you (should) say such a thing4用在It is time that . 结构中，表示“该做某事而没做”，含建议的意思，所以用虚拟语气，用动词过去时。It is time that . 结构中time 前可加about（表示“大约”，婉和语气）或high（表示“强调”，加强语气）等。I am getting tired. It is (about) ti

10、me (that) we went to bed. 咱们该睡觉了。在这一句式中，从句的过去式也可改为should+动词原形，但第二式是极为正式的文体，should不能省去。It is (high) time that you should get married and settle down.注意：以下句式不是虚拟语气，用法也不同。It is the first / second time that从句动词用现在完成时It was the first t / second time that从句动词用过去完成时It is the first time I have been here.It

11、was the second time I had been there.5表愿望的虚拟语气（1）wish、if only后的虚拟语气wish后的从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示一种与现在事实相反的愿望；用过去完成时或过去完成进行时表示与过去事实相反的愿望；若用would则表示请求或对现状不满希望将来有所改变等。If only的用法和I wish等基本相同，只是更富有感情色彩。If only（=I wish）I were (而不是was) young again. (事实：不再年轻)If only（=I wish）I had not cheated at the examination. (事

12、实：已作弊)（2）would rather 后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气would ratherwould sooner和would just as soon等表示“宁愿”。其后如接宾语从句用一般过去时表示对现在或将来的一种愿望。然而，若谈论的是过去的行为或情况，宾语从句则用过去完成形式。I would rather you didnt do anything about it for the time being.Id rather you hadnt done that when you were younger.6. lest, for fear that, in case的虚拟语气lest

13、（以免；免得），for fear that（生怕，唯恐）和in case（以防）引导的目的状语从句中，用“should+动词原形”，其谓语部分should可以省略。in case 引导的从句中陈述之事发生的可能性大，也可用陈述语气。I was afraid to open the door for fear that / lest he (should) follow meYou must wake him early in case he（should）be late for school或You must wake him early in case he is late for scho

14、ol7as ifas though方式状语从句中的虚拟语气从句用一般过去时表示和现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑；用过去完成时表示过去想象中的动作或情况。但是，若在seemlooksoundsmell等动词之后，谓语动词用来表示事实上可能存在的事实时，也可以用陈述语气。He often talks as if he were my father. (事实：不是我父亲)It looks as if it is going to rain.（从句用陈述语气）虚拟语气练习题1. Some women _ (本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home

15、, but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.2. But for his help, I _ (我不可能这么早完成).3. I _ (不会诉诸法律) a court of law if I hadnt been so desperate.4. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_(弄脏了新地毯).5. The victim _ (本来会有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time .6. Yo

16、u would not have failed if you _(按照我的指令去做).7. Youd better take a sweater with you _(以防天气冷).8. If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_(就不会被大雨淋了)。9. It is suggested that the air conditioner_(要安装在窗户旁边)10. The professor required that _ (我们交研究报告)。11.I suggested he _（使自己适应） his new conditions.12. If yo

17、u had followed my advice then, _now. (你就不会陷入麻烦）13 .Frankly speaking, Id rather you _(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.14. He wears a pair of sunglasses _(惟恐被别人认出来).15. Its time _(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.16. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _ (打扰我) th

18、at evening.17. The manager would rather his daughter _(不在同一个办公室内工作).18. Jane is tired of dealing with customer complaints and wishes that she_(能被分配做另一项工作)19. They requested that _ (我借的书还回图书馆) by next Friday.参考答案：1. could have made a good salary (跳层式条件结构形式)2. would not have finished so early3. would

19、not have resorted to / would have never resorted to 4. (should) stain the new carpet5. would have had a chance to survive / would have had a chance of survival6. had followed my instructions / orders7. in case it should turn / become cold (用虚拟语气).或者in case it turns / becomes cold (用陈述语气)8. wouldnt h

20、ave been caught in rain.9. (should) be installed by the window10. we (should) hand in our / the research report(s)11.(should) adapt himself to12. you would not be in trouble.（表示错综复杂的条件：从句动作发生在过去，主句动作发生在现在）13. didnt do anything / didnt take any measures14. for fear that he (should) be recognized15. s

21、ome measures were taken / something should be done 16. had interrupted me17. did not work in the same office18. .could be assigned to do another job19. I (should) return the book I borrowed to the library（二）倒装 1当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，这种倒装为部分倒装。即助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词+主语+谓语部分其它成分，如only不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序

22、。Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion.（你才能得出合理的结论）Only in this way will we catch up with the worlds advanced levels in science and technology. （我们才会赶上世界的先进科学技术水平）其他如：only then, only once, only in America / China, only after the accident等。2never等具有否定意义的词或词组居于

23、句首时用倒装。这类词或词组常用的有：never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely，not until，by no means，under no circumstances，under no condition，in no way (决不) ，in no case (决不)，no sooner (than)，hardly (when)，barely (仅仅，几乎不)，on no account，in no circumstances (决不)，not a bit，nowhere，not onlybut also等。Not only was Churchil

24、l a statesman, but also a poet.Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense. (听到过这样的胡说八道)3. 用于neither, nor及so后面The plan does not work satisfactorily, nor have we ever expected it to work. （我们也从未指望过它起作用）So much does he worry about his financial position that he cant sleep at night.4the +比较级the +比较

25、级结构中的倒装，相当于“越，越”The busier I am, the happier I feel. 越忙越有劲。The more people we have, the better it will be. 人越多越好。第二个the+比较级引导的主句中，可用现在时或将来时，现在时比将来时更为强调，第二个the+比较级引导的主句也可采用部分倒装（一般可不用）。The busier I am, the happier do I feel. The more people we have, the better will it be. 倒装句型练习题20. The witness was to

26、ld that under no circumstances_. (他都不应该对法庭说谎)21. _(直到截止日他才寄出) his application form. 22. Only in the small town_. (他才感到安全和放松)23.Not only _(他向我收费过高)，but also he didnt do a good repair job either.24. The more you explain, _ (我愈糊涂).25._(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.26. The more exerc

27、ise you take, _. (你越不大可能感冒)27. The manager never laughed; neither_(她也从来没有发过脾气.28. If you wont agree to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).29. He was disabled from birth, but he never felt frustrated, _(也从未屈服于任何困难).30: _(我刚刚到家) than the telephone rang.31.The university authorities did not approve the regulation, _

28、(也没有解释为什么)参考答案：20. should he lie to / in the court21. Not until the deadline did he send (out)22. does he feel secure / safe and relaxed23. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me 24. the more confused I am25. Not until he finished the mission26. The less likely you will cat

29、ch a cold 27. had she lost her temper28. neither will they29.and never yielded to any difficulties as well / and never did he yield to any difficulties as well30. No sooner had I got home 或I had no sooner reached home31. nor did they explain the reasons（三）强调1It is / was +被强调部分+that/who对于这个结构，需要注意以下几点：（1）被强调部分主要是主语、宾语、宾补和状语，不能强调表语；强调句也可用来强调特殊疑问句中的疑问词。When is it that you will set off?（2）被强调部分如果是人，that可用whowhom替代：在强调主语时，被强调的主语若是人称代词，一般用主格that后的谓语动词应在人称、数上保持一致。It was he who (that) rescued the drowning child at the risk of