英语高一英语阅读理解题20套带答案.docx

1、英语高一英语阅读理解题20套带答案（英语）高一英语阅读理解题20套(带答案)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several scientists: Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty y

2、ears. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the worlds problems. However, no one really knows what will happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence

3、on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us. Scientist B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating something that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point i

4、n the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and we would be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of

5、unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better without humans. Scientist C: Im a member of the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and th

6、ink of whats happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little human input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this wou

7、ld be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.（1）What is Scientist B worried about? A.AI technology will destroy the earth.B.Computers cant think by themselves.C.Robots will take the place of humans.D.Humans will be unhappy without machines

8、.（2）What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to? A.I launched the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.B.We forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator.C.“Murderbots” cant decide by themselves.D.“Murderbots” will be against humans orders.（3）Which statement is CORRECT accordin

9、g to the record? A.Scientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.B.The employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.C.“Murderbots” will follow the orders of their manufacturers in the wars.D.All the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.（4）Who agree(

10、s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects? A.Scientist AB.Scientist BC.Scientists B & CD.Scientists B & A【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，列出了三位科学家对于人工智能的评价。(1)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large un

11、derclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”可知，科学家B担心机器人会代替人类，造成人类失业、贫穷和社会动荡。故选C。(2)考查代词指代。由画线句上文内容可知，自主的“杀人机器人”是否服从人类的命令，这将决定谁杀死谁，因此推断此处的this指杀人机器人不服从人类命令，这将是非常不道德的，非常危险的。故选D。(3)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的的“In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take ov

12、er millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people.”可知，机器人的发展会代替人类工作，造成人类失业。故选B。(4)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives”可知，科学家A认为人工智能积极因素比消极因素多；根据第三段中的“there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, cr

13、eating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest.”和第四段中的“It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.”可知，科学家B和科学家C认为人工智能消极因素比积极因素多。故选C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代

14、词指代和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 Norman Garmezy, a development psychologist at the University of Minnesota, met thousands of children in his four decades of research. A nine-year-old boy in particular stuck with him. He has an alcoholic mother and an abse

15、nt father. But each day he would walk in to school with a smile on his face. He wanted to make sure that no one would feel pity for him and no one would know his mothers incompetence.” The boy exhibited a quality Garmezy identified as “resilience”. Resilience presents a challenge for psychologists.

16、People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adversity (逆境) wont know how resilient they are. Its only when theyre faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer. Garmezys work opened the door

17、to the study of the elements that could enable an individuals success despite the challenges they faced. His research indicated that some elements had to do with luck, but quite large set of elements was psychological, and had to do with how the children responded to the environment. The resilient c

18、hildren had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates. Ceorge Bonanno has been studying resilience for years at Columbia Univ

19、ersitys Teachers College. He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤), or as an opportunity to learn and grow. “Stressful” or “traumatic” events themselves dont have muc

20、h predictive power when it comes to life outcomes. Exposure to potentially traumatic events does not predict later functioning,” Bonanno said. Its only predictive if theres a negative response.” In other words, living through adversity doesnt guarantee that youll suffer going forward. The good news

21、is that positive perception can be taught. We can make ourselves more or less easily hurt by how we think about things, Bonanno said. In research at Columbia, the neuroscientist Kevin Ochsner has shown that teaching people to think of adversity in different ways-to reframe it in positive terms when

22、the initial response is negative, or in a less emotional way when the initial response is emotionally “hot”-changes how they experience and react to the adversity.（1）According to the passage, resilience is an individuals ability_. A.to think criticallyB.to decide ones own fateC.to live a better life

23、D.to recover from adversity（2）What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The psychologistsB.The resilient childrenC.Positive elementsD.Internal locus of control（3）According to Paragraph 4, we can learn that_. A.your positive perception may turn adversity aroundB.stressful events

24、 are more predictive than delightful eventsC.experiencing adversity predicts that you will go on sufferingD.a negative response doesnt guarantee you will suffer all the time（4）What is the authors purpose of writing this passage? A.To teach people how to be resilientB.To encourage people to live thro

25、ugh adversityC.To indicate peoples perception varies from each otherD.To compare different research findings about resilience【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）A（4）A 【解析】【分析】这是一篇介绍说明类文章。文章介绍了一种品质：韧性（resilience）。文章介绍了什么是韧性，韧性的作用，如何培养韧性等内容。（1）推理判断题。由第二段中的“People who are lucky enough to never experience any sort of adver

26、sity (逆境) wont know how resilient they are. Its only when theyre faced with obstacles, stress, and other environmental threats that resilience, or the lack of it, comes out. Some give in and some conquer”可知，那些没有经历过逆境的人不会知道自己有多大的韧性。只有当他们面对障碍，压力等逆境时，他们才能知道自己的韧性有多大。有的人向逆境屈服，有的人成功度过了逆境。由此可知，那些成功度过逆境的人属于

27、非常有韧性的人。韧性应该指克服逆境的能力。故答案选D。（2）词义猜测题。由第三段中的“The resilient children had what psychologists call an “internal lens of control(内控点)”. They believed that they, and not their circumstances, affected their achievements. The resilient children saw themselves as the arrangers of their own fates.”可知，那些有韧性的孩子拥

28、有所谓的“内控点”。他们认为他们影响了自己的成就，而不是他们所处的环境影响了他们的成就。这些有韧性的孩子将自己看作是自己命运的主宰者。由此可知，they指的就是the resilient children。故答案选B。（3）推理判断题。由第四段中的“He found that some people are far better than others at dealing with adversity. This difference might come from perception(认知) whether they think of an event as traumatic(创伤),

29、 or as an opportunity to learn and grow.”可知，一些人比另一些人更擅长处理逆境。这种差别来自他们的认知。如果他们将逆境当做是学习和成长的机会，对此做出积极的反应，那么，他们就能很好的处理逆境。反之，如果他们做出消极的反应，那么，他们就不能很好的来处理逆境。由此可以推知，积极的认知可以改变逆境，使情况朝着好的方向发展。故答案选A。（4）写作意图题。文章第一段以例子提出“resilience”这个话题。第二段解释了什么是resilience，第三和第四段以Garmezy的研究说明，当面对逆境的时候，韧性可以帮助我们扭转逆境，关键在于要有积极的认知。第五段强调

30、，积极的认知是可以学习的。故这篇文章的写作意图就是告诉读者如何使自己有韧性：用积极的态度去对待逆境。故答案选A。【点评】阅读理解写作意图、态度解题技巧：根据文体类别推断写作目的（1）写作目的（to entertain readers）常见于故事类的文章。（2）写作目的（to persuade readers）常见于广告类的文章。在这样的文章中，作者或是要推销一种产品一种服务（to sell a product or a service），或是要通过对旅游景点报刊杂志影片电视节目等的介绍来达到他的写作目的：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等（to attract more visitors / re

31、aders / audience）（3）写作目的（to inform readers）多见于科普类新闻报道类文化类或社会类的文章，了解这类文章的写作目的有赖于对文章主题的正确把握，阅读时有必要找准文章的主题句，或较好地对主题加以归纳。3阅读理解 The Maltese Islands are rich in Neolithic (新石器时代的) sites. Ggantija in Gozo, Tarxien, and the Hagar Qim/Mnajdra Complex here on Maltas south coast are perhaps the most well-known. These piles of stones are some of the earliest known manmade structures in the world. T