过去分词作宾语补足语.docx

1、过去分词作宾语补足语过去分词作宾语补足语欧阳光明（2021.03.07）概念引入上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子：1. Now when people refer to England you find Walesincluded as well.2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Irelandconnected in the same peacefu

2、l government.3. You find most of the population settled in the south.4. They found the window broken.5. ., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line.这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。用法讲解宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点，许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语，它的作用是什么，所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起，重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。什么是宾语补足语英语中一些动词除需要一个宾

3、语外，还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整，这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型（见【补充】）中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。1. 作补足语的词语：1）We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。（名词短语作宾语补足语，相当于省略了to be）2）I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。（形容词作宾语补足语）3）I saw the

4、 kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。（副词作宾语补足语）4）When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。（介词短语作宾语补足语）5）Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。(省略不定式符号to的动词不定式）6）The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。（动词-ing形式做宾语补足语）7）The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。

5、（过去分词作宾语补足语）【补充】英语的六种基本句型：英语的最基本的句型有6种，其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。1）主语谓语Great changeshave taken place in my hometown. 主语谓语2）主语+系动词+表语The workseemeddifficult to us.主语系动词表语3）主语+谓语+宾语Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. 主语谓语宾语4）主语+谓语+宾语+宾语Our hotelservesyoubreakfast in your room.主语谓语宾语宾语（间接）（直接）5）主语+谓语+

6、宾语+宾语补足语Theysawlittle Tombeing punished by his parents.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语6）There be结构There isa small village below the mountain.谓语主语注意：没有划线的部分是定语或者状语，如“in my hometown”是地点状语，而修饰名词“Farmers”后的“in our area”是定语。2. 宾语补足语与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系1）They named the black dog Arrow. 他们命名这只黑狗“Arrow”。（我们可以说“The little dog is Arrow.

7、”，所以宾语the little dog和补足语Arrow是逻辑上的主谓关系。） 2）I noticed a little girl drawing under the tree. 我注意到一个小女孩在树下画画。（小女孩在画画，即宾语补足语的动作是女孩做的，宾语与补足语是逻辑上的主谓关系，而且是主动的，用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语） 3）We should keep him informed of what is going on here. 我们必须让他了解这里发生的事。（他被告知某事，说明宾语“他”与补足语“告知”是被动的主谓关系，也称为“动宾关系，即动词及其宾语的关系”，用过去分词作宾

8、语补足语）3. 主语补足语含有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句时，原来的宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。He was found sleeping under the tree. 他被发现正在树下睡觉。（补充说明主语，与主语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，是主语补足语）4. 介词的宾语补足语有些介词的宾语有时也需有补足语，构成介词宾语的复合结构。 We were all excited, with the bonfire burning late into the night. 篝火一直烧到深夜，我们都很兴奋。（burning作介词with的宾语the bonfire的补足语）过去分词作宾语补足语的意义：过去

9、分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的状态或性质，宾语是其逻辑主语，一般是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的被动关系。1）I saw his eyes fixed on me with curiosity. 我看见他的眼睛盯着我，充满了好奇。解析：过去分词fixed的用法是易错处。fix译成“盯着”，一些同学会误认为“眼睛正盯着”为什么用fixed，而不用fixing呢？实际上，应该是“I fixed my eyes on.”，即“我让我的眼睛盯着.”，所以变成被动时应该是“My eyes are fixed on.”，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。另外，这里过去分词不表示完成的动作，而表示状态。

10、再如：The glass is broken. 此句中broken表示摔碎的状态。还要注意不能用being fixed，因为being fixed表示瞬间的动作，而没有表示出过程。2）We want the work finished by Saturday. 我们想要工作周六前完成。解析：想要工作被完成，用finished。要分析宾语与补足语间的主被动关系。3）She heard the front door shut. 她听见前门被关上了。解析：shut的三个形式（原形、过去式、过去分词）一样，此处shut是过去分词，因为是人关上了门。4）We found the house desert

11、ed. 我们发现这所房子被废弃了。解析：desert 意为“抛弃、遗弃”，Somebody deserts the house. 因此是.the house deserted.5）I felt myself called upon to do something to help. 我感觉我被召唤着要做点事情来帮忙。解析：我感觉我自己被别人或者一种神秘的力量感召着，来做事情。因此是“被叫”。从上述的例子来看，作宾语补足语的过去分词大多数来自及物动词，强调被动或完成。但也有少数来自不及物动词，强调动作完成后的状态。What are you going to do with everyone gon

12、e? 大家都走了，你怎么办？能接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（认为）, consider, find等We saw the thief caught by the police. 我看见小偷被警察抓住了。 We thought the game lost. 我们认为球赛输了。2. 表示“致使”或“保持某状态”意义的动词，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。Dont leave such an important thing undone. 不要让这么重要的事没有

13、人做。 He had his hat blown away on his way home. 在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等动词，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等I want the house white-washed before we move in. 我想要房子在我搬进去之前粉刷完。He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不喜欢在会上讨论这样的问题。过去分词、现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的区别： 1）过去分词作宾补：与宾语之间是被动关系，其动作通常先

14、于谓语动词完成。2）现在分词作宾补：与宾语之间是主动关系，其动作与谓语动词同时进行。3）不定式作宾补：表示一个完成的动作或看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作的过程。I saw him opening the window. 我看见他正在开窗。（强调正在，且宾语做了开窗的动作）I saw the window opened. 我看见窗户被打开了。（完成，被动）I saw him open the window. 我看见他打开了窗户。（看到宾语开窗的全过程）注意：1. 有些动词后必须接to do sth. 作宾语补足语：如order, advise, persuade, warn, encourage,

15、 get, cause等。I encouraged her to work hard and to try for the examinations.我鼓励她用功并为这次考试做出努力。2. 感官动词（如see，notice，watch， discover等）和使役动词（make, have, let等）一般接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语，但是变成被动语态时，需带to。The girl was made to practise the piano for three hours every day. 这个女孩每天要练三个小时钢琴。重点句型：1. have 宾语过去分词have sth. done

16、1）表示“要别人做某事”，此时可以用get代替have。Youd better have that tooth filled. 你最好把那颗牙补补。We must have this note sent to them right today. 我们今天就得派人把这个通知送交给他们。2）表示“遭遇某种（不幸的）事情”，不能用get代替have。Last week we had all our windows broken by the naughty boys. 上周我们所有的窗户都被淘气的孩子们打碎了。I had my hand burned in the fire. 我的手被火烧伤了。3）

17、完成某事（自己也可能参与） I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected. 我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。拓展：1) have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 I had Mary clean my bedroom yesterday. 昨天我让玛丽打扫了我的卧室。2）have sb./ sth. doing让某人一直做某事，（否定句中）容忍某人做某事He had us laughing during the lunchtime. 在午饭期间，他让我们一直笑个不停。I wont have you talking to your parents

18、like this. 我不许你对父母这样讲话。2. get 宾语过去分词get sb. done表示“要别人做某事”，可以与have互换。 We have had got the TV repaired. 我们已经请人把电视机修好了。 Lets get this work done, and then we can go out.我们先把这工作做完，就可以出去了。拓展：get sb. to do sth. 使某人做某事。注意不省略to。 I got him to agree to the plan.我使他同意了这个计划。3. “with +宾语+过去分词”结构with sth. done过去分

19、词用作介词with的宾语补足语, 注意宾语与补足语之间是被动关系。With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily. 买完所有需要的东西，她高兴地回家了。With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了。拓展：“with/ without +宾语+宾语补足语”结构with/ without后面除了接过去分词作宾语补足语外，也可以接现在分词、不定式、形容词、介词短语等作宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作时间、条件、原因、伴随等状语或定语。例如：1）She came

20、 into the room，with her nose red because of cold.（伴随状语）她走了进来，鼻子冻得红红的。2）With the meal over，we all went home.（时间状语）聚餐结束了，我们都回了家。3）The teacher was walking up and down with the ruler in his hand.（伴随状语）老师走来走去，手里拿着尺子。4）He could not finish the work without me to help him.（条件状语）如果我不去帮他，他不会完成工作。5）She fell as

21、leep with the light burning.（伴随状语）他睡着了，灯还亮着。6）Without anything left in the cupboard，she went out to get something to eat.（原因状语）柜橱里什么也没有剩下，她出去弄点东西吃。7）A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house. （定语）一个少了两颗门牙的男孩儿跑进屋里。注意：在with/without的复合结构中，不定式、现在分词作宾补，表示主动，但不定式表示将要发生的动作，而现在分词表示

22、正在发生的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成。如上面句子中第4）句，to help的动作还未发生；第5）句，他睡觉时灯正亮着；而第6）句left表示被剩下，而且强调“剩下”的动作已经发生。巩固练习. 用动词的正确形式填空：1. Have you got a map to show me? Im _ （puzzle）.2. Did he have his wallet _ (steal) last Friday？3. When I got to the supermarket, I found it _ (close).4. He found his wife _ (cook) in the kitc

23、hen when he woke up at five.5. He watched the bed _ (carry) out of the room.6. She doesnt want her daughter _ (take) out after dark.7. When will you have your eyes _ (examine)?8. My mother got me _ (check) all the homework I did last night.9. With the boy _ ( lead) the way，we will find the house eas

24、ily tomorrow.10. I can hear the windows _ (beat) by the heavy rain.11. Tom has been away from home for two years, leaving his room _ (cover) with dust.12. Why do you leave the baby _ (cry) there?13. I have to leave my house early _ (catch) the early bus.14. A cook will be immediately fired if he is

25、found _ (smoke) in the kitchen.15. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ (carry) out the next year. 根据汉语意思，在空格处填入恰当的词。1. 我将随时向你报告有关我们实验的重要的进展。Ill _ about the breakthrough in our experiment.2. 他醒来结果发现他的汽车被偷了。He woke up only to _.3. 在这个发达的国家里，你很少听到有人讲脏话。You seldom hear rude wor

26、ds _ in this _country.4. 他提高嗓音以便使别人能够听见他说话。He raised his voice so as to _.5. 他匆忙离开家，留下很多事没做。He left home in a hurry, _ many things _.6. 回来时，他很惊讶地发现房间被彻底的打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。On his return, he was very _to find his room thoroughly _and everything _in good order.7. 明天我将请人把门油漆一下。Ill _ tomorrow.8. 你会发现到处都在议论这

27、个话题。Youll _ everywhere.9. 据说这本书是他在40多岁时写的。 The book is said _ in his forties.10. 在放学回家途中，她非常恐惧的看到路边有一条被打死的蛇。 On his way home from school, she was _ to see a snake _to death by the road. 单项选择。1. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied

28、D. tied2. The next morning she found the man _ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying 3. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _, he gladly accepted it.A. finished B. finishing C. having finishedD. was finished4. Did Peter fix the computer himself?He _, because he doesnt k

29、now much about computers.A. has it fixed B. had fixed it C. had it fixed D. fixed it5. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _ in a short period.A. improved B. improving C. to improve D. improve6. Even the best writers sometimes found themselves _ for words.A

30、. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost7. A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left _.A. unsatisfiedB. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being unsatisfied8. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired9. Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301?Just a minute. Ill have Bob _ you to your room.