中考英语知识点复习 中考英语知识点总复习精品.docx

1、中考英语知识点复习 中考英语知识点总复习精品中考英语知识点总复习ago与before的用法区别区别1 两者均表示以前,但ago以现在为基准,即指现在以前,因此常与一般过去时连用;而before以过去某一时间为基准,指在那时以前,因此常与过去完成时连用(且多用于宾语从句中).如:He left two years ago. 他是两年前离开的.She said he had left two year before. 她说他是两年前离开的.区别2 before也可泛指以前,不与具体时间连用.此时可用于现在完成时或一般过去时.如:I have read the book before. 我以前读过这

2、本书.He didnt know that before. 他以前不知道此事.有关age 的几条用法说明说明1. 有关年龄(age)的常见表达:How old is he? / Whats his age?他多大年纪?He is ten (years old). / He is ten years of age. 他岁.I have a son (of) your age. / I have a son the same age as you. 我有一个像你这样年纪的儿子.Their ages are 4.7 and 9. 你们的年龄是岁.岁和岁.说明2. 表示在年龄时,英语常用at the

3、age of 数字(有时也省略为at age数字,或改用 when 从句).如:He joined the army at the age of eighteen. He joined the army at age eighteen. He joined the army when he was eighteen (years old). 他18岁时参了军说明3. 他年纪 / 老不能直择为:His age is young / old. 可译为:He is young / old 短语after all用法说明1. 表示尽管怎样,但还是,可译为终究.毕竟(通常放在句末).如:I was ri

4、ght after all. 毕竟是我对.He tried for an hour and failed after all. 他试了一个钟头,终究还是失败了.2. 表示别忘了(通常放在句首).如:I know he hasnt finished the work but, after all, hes very busy. 我知道他还没做完工作,但别忘了他很忙.注:不要将 after all 理解为最后.终于,而与finally 或at last 混淆.almost 与 nearly的用法异同一.相同之处两者均可表示几乎差不多,均可修饰不定代词.形容词.副词.动词.介词短语等,此时两者常可换

5、用.如:Its almost nearly impossible. 那几乎是不可能的.(修饰形容词)He almost nearly always arrives late. 他差不多总是迟到.(修饰副词)He fell and almost nearly broke his leg. 他摔了一跤,险些摔断了腿.(修饰动词)Almost Nearly all the students passed the exam. 差不多所有的学生都通过了考试.(修饰不定代词)注意:修饰动词时,通常应放在行为动词之前,特殊动词之后(见上例);修饰形容词.副词.名词等时,通常应将其放在被修饰词语之前,否则会造

6、成错误.如:他工作了几乎一整天.正:He worked almost all day.误:He almost worked all day.我们当中几乎每一个人都读过这本书.正:Almost every one of us read the book.误:Every one of us almost read the book.二.不同之处1. almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用.如:Almost any man can do it. 几乎任何人都会做.Almost no one c

7、ame to the party. 几乎没有人来参加晚会.I almost never see her. 我几乎从未见过她.但是,两者都可用在否定动词之前.如:( )He almost nearly didnt catch the bus. 他差点没赶上公共汽车.2. nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词.如: Its not nearly so difficult as you think. 这远不像你想象的那么难.The car is pretty nearly new. 这汽车几乎是全新的.注:not nearly 意为远

8、非,very pretty nearly 意为几乎,都是习语.3. 有时 almost 可表示十分相似(但又不完全相同),此时不用 nearly.如:I almost wish Id stayed at home. 我真有点后悔没在家里呆着.Our cat understands everything hes almost human. 我们这只猫什么都懂快通人性了.含有add的四个有用短语1. add in 包括.如:Dont forget to add me in. 别忘了把我也算上.Would you add in these items, please? 请你把这些条款包括进去好吗?

9、2. add to 增加.如:This adds to our difficulties. 这增加了我们的困难.It adds to my pleasure to see you here today. 今天在这里见到你我格外高兴.3. add up(1) 加起来.如:You havent added the figures up right. 这些数字你没有加对.(2) 有意义,有道理(主要用于口语中,且主要用于否定句).如:His excuse just doesnt add up. 他的借口完全站不住脚.What he said doesnt add up. 他说的话自相矛盾.4. ad

10、d up to(1) 加起来等于,总计.如:The figures add up to 500. 这些数字加起来等于500.The costs added up to 1000 dollars. 费用总计为1000美元.(2) 总起来看说明了.如:( )Your long answer just adds up to a refusal. 你的冗长回答简直等于拒绝.The evidence all adds up to a case of murder. 所有证据都说明这是一起谋杀案含有act的几个重要短语1. act as (临时)担任,充当,起的作用.如:A trained dog can

11、 act as a guide to a blind person. 经过训练的狗可以担任盲人的向导.表示担任独一无二的职务,其前通常不用冠词.如:He acted as manager in my absence. 我不在时他担任经理.I dont understand their language; youll have to act asinterpreter. 我不懂他们的语言,你得当翻译了.2. act for 代理(某人职务),代为(处理某事).如:Please act for me during my absence. 我不在时请代理我处理事务.I acted for our c

12、aptain while he was in hospital. 我们队长住院时由我代理他.3. act out (用手势和语言)表演出来.如:Lets act out the story of the three bears once more. 让我们再把这三只熊的故事表演一次吧.4. act on (upon) 对起作用,对有效.如:The drug acts on the stomach. 这药对胃有效.Alcohol acts on the nervous system. 酒精对人的神经系统有影响.5. in the act (of) 当场,正在动作时.如:He was in the

13、 very act of starting. 他正准备动身.He was caught in the act (of reading my private letters). 他(在读我的私信时)被当场抓住angry的用法1. 表示对某人生气,一般用介词with,有时也用at. He got angry with (或at) me. 他对我生气了.注:有人认为用with表示心中感到生气,而用at则表示怒气流露于外表.但总的说来还是用with的场合较多.2. 表示对某事生气,一般用介词about 或at.如:She was very angry at what he said. 她对他说的话很生

14、气.I was angry about missing the film. 没看上那部电影我很所恼.注:有人认为:at之后接某人之言行,about之后接某事,但种区别并不十分严格,两者常可混用.有关ago的几点用法说明1. ago在表示时间的以前这个意义时,应注意:(1) 只能与时间段状语连用,不能与时间点状语连用.(2) 只能放在时间名词之后,而不能置于其前.(3) 只能与过去时连用,不能与完成时连用.I met him three years ago. 我年前见过他.注:若句中有助动词,有时也可用于完成时态.如;This would have been a couple of months

15、 ago. 这可能是几个月以前.2. 在It was时间段ago之后用that或when引导从句均可(构成强调句),但不能用since(若则since要去掉ago,并改was为is).如:He died twenty years ago. It was twenty years ago that (或when) he died. It is twenty years since he died. 他是20年前死的.after与behind用法小区别after 表示顺序的先后,behind 表示位置的前后.试比较:run behind sb. 在某人后面跑run after sb. 跑在某人之后

16、(含有追上之意)Shut the door behind you. 关上你后面的门.Shut the door after you. 出入请随手关门.注:口语中的客套话先生.你先请,右说成After you, 但不能说Behind you. accept与receive的用法区别1. receive 指收到.接到.表示一种被动的行为;而accept 指接受,表示的是一种主动的行为,并伴随有一种满意或允诺的意味.试体会:He received the present, but he didnt accept it. 他收到了礼物,但没有接受.2. 两者之后均可接名词或代词作宾语,但不可接不定式.

17、如:He asked her to marry him and she accepted him. 他向她求婚,她同意了.但:不可说she accepted to marry him. 3. 表示接见.接待时,应用receive,不用accept . She was warmly received. 她受到热情接待.4. 表示从收到接爱时,两者之后均可接from.He received / accepted an invitation from his friend. 他收到 / 接受朋友的邀请.besides, except, but的用法区别1. 基本区别三者均可表示除了,但 beside

18、s 表示一种累加关系,意指除了什么之外,还有;而 except 或 but 则表示一种排除关系,意指除了什么之外,不再有:Mary knows Japanese besides French. 除法语外,玛丽还懂日语.She eats everything except but fish. 她什么都吃,但不包括鱼.但是,在否定句中,besides 也表示除外不再有 ,与but, except 同义:No one writes to me besides except you. 除你之外,没有人给我写信.2. 关于 but 与 except两者都可表示除外不再有,但含义上略有差别:but侧重指意

19、义的几乎完整性,而 except 则侧重指后面除去的部分( ):All are here but one. 除一个人外大家都到了.All are here except one. 还有一个人没到.3. but用法的限制在现代英语中,but 的介词用法十分有限,通常用于no, no one, nobody, nothing, any, anyone, anything, every, everyone, everything, all, none, who, what等词语后: Nobody knew her name but me. 除我之外,没人知道她的名字.I have told this

20、 to no one but you. 除你之外,这事我没告诉任何人.Who but a fool would do such a thing? 除了傻子谁会干那种事?You can come any day but Friday. 除了星期五之外,你哪天来都行.He eats nothing but fruit. 他除了吃水果外,其他的什么都不吃.但是except 却没有以上限制,如下面一句可用except,但不能用but:The window is never opened except in summer. 除夏天外,这扇窗户从不打开.used to 与 be used to1 be u

21、sed to 意为习惯于,其中的 to 是介词,所以其后要接名词或动名词(不能接动词原形);若要强调从不习惯到习惯的过程,可用 get, become 等代替动词 be.如:He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己.Im sure Ill get used to the hard work. 我相信我会习惯这艰苦工作的.注:be used to 有时可能是动词 use 的被动语态结构 (此时意为被用来,其中的 to 为不定式符号,其后要接动词原形).如:A hammer is used to drive in nails. 锤子是用来钉钉

22、子的.2. used to 意为过去经常,其中的 to 是不定式符号,而不是介词,所以其后只接动词原形(不能接动名词).如:He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎.注:used to 通常不能与表示具体次数(如 twice, three times 等)或一段时间(如 three months, five years 等)的词或短语连用,但是它却可以与 always, often 等表示经常性意义的副词连用.如:正:I went to Paris three times. 我去过巴黎 3 次.误:I used to go to Paris three times

23、.正:I lived in the country for three years. 我在乡下住过 3 年.误:I used to live in the country for three years.正:I always used used always to be afraid of dogs. 我过去总是怕狗.used to 构成否定式和疑问式时通常有两种方式:即借助助动词did 或直接将 used 用作助动词.如:He usednt didnt use to come. 他过去不常来.You used to go there, usednt didnt you? 你过去常到那儿去,是

24、吗?另外,有时也可见到以下这样的否定式和疑问式,但不是很普通:Did you use(d) to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗?They didnt use(d) to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿.There used to be a cinema here, use(d)nt there? 往日这里曾有家电影院,是吗?wait (for) 与 expect两者均含有等之意,但是有区别:wait for (等候)通常指在一个地方呆着,不采取任何行动,一直等到某事发生,它主要强调时间的流逝且含有耽误之意,有时暗示某人来得太晚或某事发生得太迟等;而 expect(期

25、待,预料)则指某事(可指好或不好的事)很可能会发生或到来,不强调时间的迟早,只说明一种心情.比较:他在校门口等他母亲.误:He was expecting his mother at the school gate.正:He was waiting for his mother at the school gate.我们在等乔治的来信.误:We are waiting for a letter from George.正:We are expecting looking forward to a letter from Goerge.那么我 10 点整等你.误:Then Ill wait fo

26、r you at exactly ten oclock.正:Then Ill expect you at exactly ten oclock.experiment的常用搭配用作名词(意为实验)应注意以下几点:1. 表示做实验,英语可用do (或make, carry out, perform) an experiment. 2. 注意 experiment 之后介词的选用.总的原则是(并不绝对):(1) 表示用作或动物做实验,用介词on.如:do an experiment on him / the monkey用他 / 猴子做实验(2) 表示做实验,一般用介词in.如:make an ex

27、periment in physics / chemistry做物理化学实验(3) 表示用做实验(用方法.材料等),一般用介词with.如:carry out experiments with new methods用新方法试验3. 表示通过(用)实验,一般在 experiment 之前用by.如:Scientists test out theories by experiment. 科学家用实验检验理论.注:experiment 还可用作动词,但一般只用作不及物动词,其后所接的介词与名词之后所接的介词大致相同,有时也有例外.如:make an experiment on electricit

28、y / to experiment on electricity 做电学实验enough用法详解1. 用作名词,是不可数名词.如:Ive had enough. thank you. 我吃饱了,谢谢你.2. 用作形容词,通常与复数名词或不可数名词连用,且一般放在被修饰名词之前 (在正式文体中也可置于其后).如:Are there enough seats for all? 座位够大家坐了吗?We havent enough time (或time enough). 我们的时间不够了.3. 用作副词,必须放在被修饰语之后.如:He is old enough to go to school. 他

29、够上学年龄了.I dont know him well enough to ask him for help. 我和他不够熟,不能请他帮忙.4. 有的词书认为:enough 用作表语时,其主语不能是名词,必须是代词(如可以说:Thats enough, 但不能说:The time is enough).这种观点有些片面,其实 enough 用作表语时,其主语可以是代词也可以是名词(但主要限于表示数量概念的名词).如:One such dictionary is enough. 这样的词典有一本就够了.else用法小议1. else (别的,其他的)通常置于下列语之后:(1 much, litt

30、le, all (=everything)等;(2) 以-one , -body, -thing, -where结尾的词;(3) who, what, where, how, why 等疑问词(注:不能放在which 之后).如:Little else is known of his life. 关于他的生平,别的就知道得不多了.Anything else I can do for you ?我还能为你做点别的事吗?Where else did you go?你还去过什么别的地方?2. else 的所有格形式是elses.如:Ive taken somebody elses hat. 我拿了别人的帽子.3. 与or 连用,表示否则,要不然.若用在句末,则常带有一种威胁的口气.如:Hurry, (or) else youll be late. 快点,要不然你要迟到了.Do what l tell you.or else!按我告诉你的做不然的话easy与easily1. easy (容易的)可用于句型 Its easy for sb. to do sth. 或 sth. is easy for sb. to do, 但不能用于 sb. is easy to do sth. 或 Its easythat 从句(参见difficult).误:I am easy to d