句子成分化分专练.docx

1、句子成分化分专练句子成分专项练习一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句 子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分 有主语和谓语； 次要成分有表语、 宾语、 定语、 状语、 补足语和同位语。（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位 于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句和倒装句中，主 语位于谓语、 助动词或情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、 代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主 语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词

2、） We often speak English in class. （代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls. （ 数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式） Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is

3、necessary to master a foreign language.（it 作形式 主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征 和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓 语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： Hepractices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词 原形构成。女口： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 如： We are stud

4、ents.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、 特征和状态， 它一般位于系动词（如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容 词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词 及表语从句表示。例如：Our teacher of English is an American. （名词）Is it yours? （代词）The weather has turned cold. （形容词）The speech is exciting. （分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job

5、 is to teach English. （不定式）His hobby （爱好） is playing football. （动名词）The machine must be out of order. （介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从 句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位 于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition （展览）yesterday.（名 词）The heavy rain prev

6、ented me form coming to school on time. （代词）How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. （数 词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）He pretended not tosee me（. 不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music. （动名词短语）I think （that） he is fit for his office. （宾语从句） 宾语种类：（ 1）双宾语（间接宾语 +

7、直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语 （宾语 +宾补），例如： They elected him their monitor.（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个 直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的 意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物 动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容 词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例 如：His father named him Dongming. （名词）They painted their boat white. （形容词）Let the fr

8、esh air in. （副词）You m ustn t force him to lend his money to you. （不 定式短语）We saw her entering the room. （现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order. （ 介词短语）We will soon make our city what your city is now. （从 句）（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为 定语。定语可由以下等成分表示： Guilin is a beautiful city. （形容词）China is a

9、 developing country; America is a developed country. （分词）There are thirty women teachers is our school. （ 名词） His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代 词）Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语）The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. （动名词）He is reading a

10、n article about how to learn English. （介词短语）（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以 下形式表示：Light travels most quickly. （副词及副词性词组）He has lived in the city for ten years. （介词短语）He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. （不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane. （

11、分词短语） Wait a minute. （名词）Once you begin, you must continue. （状语从句） 状语种类如下：How about meeting again at six? （时间状语）Last night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain. （原因状语）I shall go there if it doesn t rain. （条件状语）Mr Smith lives on the third floor. （地点状语）She put the eggs into the basket

12、with great care.（方式 状语）She came in with a d ictionary in her hand. （伴随状语）In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. （结果 状语）She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）I am taller tha n he is.（比较状语）练习一一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The stud

13、e nts got on the school bus.2. He han ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chin ese pain ti ng!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to trai n swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be

14、 an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Sha nghaLtomorow.10. His wish is to become a scie ntist.11. He man aged to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found it importa nt to master En glish.14. Do you have any thi ng else_to_say?15. To be hon es t; your pronun ci

15、ati on is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there, read ing a n ewspaper.18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clea n and tidy.19. He no ticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet.二、英语的句子成分：1、 Walls have ears.( )2、 He will take you to the hospital. ( )3、

16、 To seeis to believe. ( )4、 Smoking is not allowed in public places.( )5、 Action speakslouder than words.6、 The chanee may never come again.7、 Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.8、 My father is a professor ( )9、 Whos that? Its me ( ) 10、Everything here is expensive.(11、 The match bec

17、ame very exciting.( )12、 The story of my life may be of help toothers.( )13、 Three times five is fifteen.( )14、 His plan is to seek work in the city.( )15、 My first idea was that you should hide yourfeeli ngs.( )16、 She covered her face with her hands.(17、We have nt see n her for a long time.(1819、D

18、o you mi nd ope ning the wi ndow?(Give me four please.( )20、21、He wants to dream a nice dream.(They are woman workers. ( )22、Toms father did nt write home un til yesterday.23、 Mary is a beautiful girl. ( )24、 The play has three acts.( )25、 This is her first trip to Europe.( )26、 China is a developin

19、g country.( )27、 I have nothing to eat ( )28、 The best fish swim near the bottom.( )29、I left the villagefive years ago30、 I arrived late because of the trafficjam .( )31、 The fish can eat a pers on in two minu tes ,leav ing only bones.( )32、 The students came into the classroom, singin(and dancin g.( )33、 Though he is a child , he knows a lot.( )34、 They elected me captain of the team.( )36、We found everything in good order there. ( )37、 I should advise you to get the chance.( )38、 I saw him going upstairs.( )