非谓语动词.docx

1、非谓语动词B专项复习非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式具有两大特点： 1.具有动词的特点，可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析，供同学们学习时参考。一、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables. (山西省)A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys2. Dont forget _ your homework with you

2、when you come to school. (福建省)A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking 3. He found it very difficult _. (湖南省)A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，

3、而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。二、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before. (江苏省)A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with 2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. (甘肃省)A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后

4、面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。三、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher. (江西省)A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing 2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well. (四川省)A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns简析go，come，try，do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式

5、作目的状语。3. He ran fast so that he could catch the first bus. (改为简单句)He ran fast _ _ _ catch the first bus.简析在上述“in order to do / so as to do”结构中用作目的状语, so as to do一般不置于句首，还可以引导结果状语从句。4. Im sorry _ that. (河北省)A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear 5. Im sorry _ you. (吉林省)A. trouble B. to trouble C. tro

6、ubling D. troubled 6. My mother was very glad _ her old friend. (甘肃省)A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。7. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)8. The ice on the lake was so thin t

7、hat people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)简析在上述too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。四、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something _? (湖北省)A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks 2. I have a lot of homework _. (河南

8、省)A. do B. doing C. did D. to do3. He is not an easy man _. (山东省)A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with 简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。五、动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every day. (甘肃省)A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cle

9、ans2. Its hard for us _ English well. (江西省)A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。(北京市海淀区)It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup. (安徽省)A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主

10、语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.(3)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth.(4)It takes sb some time to do sth.句式(1)中常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(4)中常用hard， difficult， easy，

11、important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。六、动词不定式作表语 1. Our duty is _ (protect) the environment. 2. My work is _ (clean) the room every day.3. Her hope _ the 2008 Olympic Games. A. to take part in B. is to take part in C. taking part in D. will take part in 简析当句子的主语是job, ambition, aim, duty, hope, ide

12、a, plan, suggestion等表示“目的，愿望，梦想，需求”的名词时，接不定式作表语. 这时不定式说明主语的带有将来意义的内容。七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr. Black asked the man _ the queue. (广西壮族自治区) A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump2. The old man told the child _ noisy. (湖北省) A. not be B. not to be C. to not be D. be not3. There is going to _ an

13、 important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late. (内蒙古自治区) A. have, not to be B. have, not be C. be, not to be D. be, not be简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not. 八、动词不定式与疑问词连用作宾语。1. - I often use Hotmail to send e-mails. - Really? Would you please show me_ it? A. how can I use B.

14、 what can I use C. how to use D. what to use 2. Have you decided _? A. to go with whom B. whom to go with C. whom go with D. with whom to go 3. Therere so many beautiful presents in the shop that I dont know _. A. to choose which one B. what choose C. which one to choose D. to choose what 简析疑问词不定式短语

15、作宾语的动词主要有：consider, decide, explain, find out, forget, know, learn, show, teach, tell, understand, wonder等。4. The children still dont know when they will leave for the zoo. (改为简单句) The children still dont know _ _ leave the zoo.5. Can you tell me how often to water the flower? (保持句子原意) Can you tell

16、me _ _ _ _ water the flower?简析带疑问词不定式短语的句子中，其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语。句中疑问词不定式部分，均可转换为相应的从句形式。九、不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. (河南省)A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired. (吉林省)A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel3. Your father is s

17、leeping. Youd better _. (陕西省)A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up4. I was made _ my homework in the afternoon. (贵州省)A. do B. doing C. to do D. did简析1. 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to) 接不带to的不定式。2. 在see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词和make, have, let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to。

18、但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to (let没有被动语态)。3. 在had better, would rather, why not后面接不带to的不定式。动名词动名词由V.+ing构成，否定形式为notdoing，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 一、动名词作主语1. _(冲浪)is one of the most popular water sports in Hawaii. (大连) 2. _(抄袭)others homework is so bad that it makes the students lazy. (青岛)简析带动名词和

19、不定式都可以作主语。通常地，在表示一般或比较抽象的多次性行为时常用动名词；而表示具体的或一次性的动作，尤其是将来的动作时，常用不定式。二、动名词作宾语 作动词宾语1.-Its too hot. Would you mind_the door? -_. Please do it. (重庆)A. to open; OKB. opening; Certainly notC. opening; Of courseD. to open; Good idea2. Lily finished_the book yesterday. (北京)A. read B. reading C. to read D. r

20、eads3. No matter how hard it is, well keep_until we make it. (辽宁)A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying4. -How can I improve my spoken English?-You have to practise_as much as possible. (扬州)A. speak B. speakingC. spoken D. to speak简析英语中有些动词后要用V-ing形式作宾语，在初中阶段学过的常见的动词有：enjoy, finish, mind, keep(on),

21、 practise, consider, suggest等。这些动词后面只能接V-ing形式作宾语，而不能接不定式作宾语。 作介词宾语1. Lucy is interested in_.(哈尔滨)A. listen to music B. listening musicC. flying kites D. read books2. -Thank you for_the ruler from the floor for me.-Thats all right. (湖州)A. playing for B. playing with C. pointing to D. picking up3. Wh

22、at is this kind of knife used for? Its only used for _ meat. (cut) (新疆) 4. Its raining outside. What about _ some reading inside. (do) (吉林)简析英语中某些固定短语之后要用V-ing形式作介词的宾语。常见的短语有prevent/stopfrom doing sth.(阻止做某事)，cant help doing sth.(情不自禁做某事)，be busy (in)doing sth.(忙于做某事)，have fun doing sth.(很高兴做某事)，spe

23、nd(in)doing sth.(花费时间做某事)，look forward to doing sth.(期望做某事)give up doing sth.(放弃做某事)，feel like doing sth.(意欲做某事)等。三、动名词作表语1. One of the best exercises is swimming.2. My hobby is collecting stamps.3. Our favourite sport is horse riding.四、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tire

24、d. (广西壮族自治区) A. to have B. having C. have D. has 2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home? Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me. (湖北省) A. take B. taking C. to take D. took3. Lets have a rest, shall we? Not now, I cant stop _ the letters. (湖北省) A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write4. J

25、im was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (四川省)简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和动名词的区别如下：stop to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on / continue to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on / continue doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to

26、 do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head. (福建省) A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past. (黑龙江省)A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen7. Tom, have you seen your brother?Oh. I

27、saw him_basketball on the playground on my way home. (威海) A. play B. plays C. playing D. played8. When I was walking in the street, I saw a plane_over my head. (福州) A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly简析在see, hear, watch, feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进

28、行(动作尚未结束)。五、 后接不定式或动名词的常见动词表。V. + doing (只能跟doing的动词)V. + to do (只能跟to do的动词)V. + Sb. + to do (只能跟to do的动词)mind 介意finish 完成admit 承认deny 否认enjoy 喜欢dislike 不喜欢keep 保持，持续practice 练习suggest 建议go 去be busy 忙于prefer doing to doingspend some time (in)doing agree 同意decide 决定offer 表示愿意，主动提出promise 答应learn 学习plan 计划hope 希望wish 想要want 想要would like / love 想要fail 没能manage 设法，能够be able 能够be afraid 害怕refuse 拒绝expect 期望seem 似乎ask 要求，请求tell 告诉allow 允许enable 使能够invite 邀请teach 教remind 提醒expect 期望order 命令warn 警告promise 答应want 想要encourage 鼓励中考英语考点题库非谓语动词（附详解）1. Are you enjoying _ in