国际商务 查尔斯希尔IMChapter09.docx

1、国际商务 查尔斯希尔IMChapter09Regional Economic Integration Learning objectives Define regional economic integration and present the different levels of economic integration. Discuss the political and economic case for regional integration and impediments to integration. Discuss the case against regional eco

2、nomic integration. Describe and the Regional economic integration in Europe. The evolution of the European Union, the establishment of the Euro and the future of the European Union. Discuss regional economic integration in the Americas. Discuss Regional economic integration in Asia and Africa.This c

3、hapter discusses regional economic integration, agreements among countries within a geographic region to achieve economic gains from the free flow of trade and investment among themselves.A number of levels of economic integration are possible in theory. In order of increasing integration, they incl

4、ude free trade area, customs union, common market, economic union, and full political union. Integration is not easily achieved or sustained. Although integration brings benefits to the majority, it is never without costs for the minority. Concerns over sovereignty often slow or stop integration att

5、empts.The creation of single markets in the EU and North America means that many markets that were formerly protected from foreign competition are now more open. This creates major investment and export opportunities for firms within and outside these regions.The free movement of goods across border

6、s, the harmonization of product standards, and the simplification of tax regimes make it possible for firms based in a free trade area to realize potentially enormous cost economies by centralizing production in those locations within the area where the mix of factor costs and skills is optimal.OUTL

7、INE OF CHAPTER 8: REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Opening Case: Creating a Single European Market in Financial Services Introduction Levels of Economic Integration Free Trade Area / Customs Union / Common Market / Economic Union / Political Union The Case for Regional Integration The Economic Case for

8、 Integration The Political Case for Integration Impediments to Integration The Case against Regional Integration. Regional Economic Integration in Europe Evolution of the European Union Political Structure of the European UnionManagement Focus: The Euro Commission and Media Industry Mergers The Sing

9、le European Act/The Establishment of the Euro Enlargement of the European Union Regional Economic Integration of the Americas The North American Free Trade Agreement The Andean Pact/MERCOSUR Central American Common Market and CARICOM Free Trade Area of the Americas Regional Economic Integration Else

10、where Association of Southeast Asian Nations Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Regional Trade Blocks in Africa Focus on Managerial Implications Closing Case: Car Price Differentials in the European UnionTEACHING SUGGESTIONSYou might begin this class with a discussion about whether regional economic

11、integration is good and valuable or whether it encourages the developed nations to trade with each other and leaves the developing nations out in the cold, except for commodities. Then you might ask why the class thinks Switzerland chose not to join the EU, and why Great Britain, Denmark and Sweden

12、chose not to participate in the euro currency. TRANSITION The idea of how difficult these arrangements can be to negotiate can be used to transition into the Opening Case. Why are Italian bankers not excited about the business prospects that could await them in other EU countries?LECTURE OUTLINE FOR

13、 CHAPTER This teaching outline follows the PowerPoint presentation provided along with this instructors manual. The PPT slides include extensive notes that are printable under viewnotes page. What follows is a summary.Slide 9-3 IntroductionAn example of regional economic integration is found in the

14、EU. Barriers to cross border trade among countries of the European Union were removed in 1993 by The Single European Act. In 1999, when most of the EU states adopted the Euro, price comparison across national borders was made easier. The expectation was with increased competition (due to lowering of

15、 trade barriers), prices would fall. In the auto industry, however, significant variances remained in the price of automobiles. The primary reason for price differentials in the auto industry is the Bloc exemption clause that allowed automakers to dictate where dealers should be located, where they

16、can sell and how many brands. This practice created restricted competition and led to differential pricing. Slides 9-4, 9-5, 9-6 Levels of Economic Integration Free Trade Area, Customs Union, Common Market, Economic Union, Political UnionSlide 9-7 Economic Case for IntegrationSlide 9-8 The Political

17、 Case for IntegrationSlide 9-9 Impediments to IntegrationThe passage of NAFTA in the U.S. offers examples of impediments, especially from the textile industry.Slide 9-10 The Case Against Regional Economic IntegrationSlide 9-11 Regional Economic Integration in EuropeEuropean Union and European Free T

18、rade Association Slide 9-12 Evolution of the European Union European Coal and Steel Community, The Treaty of Rome (1957), The Treaty of Maastricht (1994) Slide 9-13 European Union Members 2005 Slides 9-14, 9-15 Political Structure of the European UnionEuropean Council and European CommissionSlide 9-

19、16, 9-17, 9-18 The Single European Act The Single European Act called for the removal of border controls, mutual recognition of standards, open public procurement, a barrier free financial services industry, no currency exchange controls, free and open freight transport, and freer and more open comp

20、etition. Slide 9-19 The Euro: Benefits and Costs Slides 9-20, 9-21 Enlargement of the European UnionSlide 9-22, 9-23 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Slide 9-24 The Case For and Against NAFTA This site has a nice set of arguments for and against NAFTA. http:/www.business.uca.edu/isaltz/fr

21、eetrad.html Slides 9-25, 9-26 NAFTA ResultsSlide 9-27 The Andean Community (ANCOM) Slide 9-28 MERCOSURIn some industries MERCOSUR is trade diverting rather than trade creating, and local firms are investing in industries that are not competitive on a worldwide basis. Slide 9-29 Other Hemisphere Asso

22、ciationsSlide 9-30 Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)Slide 9-31 ASEAN CountriesSlide 9-32 Asia PacificSlide 9-33 APEC CountriesSlide 9-34 Regional Trade Blocks in AfricaSlide 9-35 Implications of ManagersSlide 9-36 Looking Ahead to Chapter 10The Foreign Exchange MarketANOTHER PERSPECTIVE

23、These are comments or illustrations of material in the text that build from unusual applications or other views of the major concepts. You may find them useful to stimulate discussion or to help bring a concept home to your students.Economic Integration and Your Career MovesThink about how economic

24、integration might influence your career. First, it makes country-to-country moves within Europe relatively easy for Europeans. Sure, you still have to pack up the house, find a new home, and get your kids into good schools, but no paperwork, visa or work permit are necessary. For an American citizen

25、, a move to Europe or from one European country to another would require a work permit and possibly a visa. From a human resources point of view, the European citizens mobility within Europe might be seen as an advantage for the European.Romas in the EU: Open Borders for Gypsies?With the 2004 entry

26、of 10 Eastern European nations into the EU, the 15 older members are worried about cheap labor flooding their economies, so many of the EU members have established temporary entry barriers for nationals of the new member states. France seems especially afraid of Polish plumbers, so the Polish govern

27、ment is using the image of a handsome Polish plumber in its tourist advertisements, in parody of the French fear.In the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary live 1.5 million gypsies, Romas, whose nomadic traditions raise fears, especially in countries where the welfare system is easily accessible.Th

28、at fear is based on the assumption that the Roma can move and cannot be integrated. The likelihood is that they are so poor that they cannot move. In Eastern Slovakia, near the Ukrainian border, they live in shantytowns without running water. Unemployment is at nearly 100%. In fact, it is the Roma w

29、ho may well suffer from membership in the EU, via brain drainthey will lose their best minds to the more developed EU economies.The NAFTA Arbitration Panel and U.S. CourtsOne of the most difficult areas of regional economic integration is the integration of legal systems. The NAFTA agreement establi

30、shed a three-judge panel that stands apart from its member states judicial systems to hear NAFTA arbitration claims. The NAFTA Arbitration Panel gives companies involved in complaints in a foreign country the confidence that their grievance will be heard with reduced possibility of bias. To that end

31、, the hearings are secret. Because these judges act outside the authority of the U.S., Canadian, and Mexican court systems, they also give foreign companies protection from the local courts.ANSWERS TO CRITICAL DISCUSSION QUESTIONS FOR CHAPTER 9QUESTION 1: NAFTA has produced significant benefits for

32、the Canadian, Mexican and US economy.” Discuss.ANSWER 1: NAFTAs impact has been small and positive overall. There have been sector adjustments that have been quite painful for individual towns and workers (textile industry), but overall the impact of NAFTA seems to have been positive. Mexico has gained a lot from NAFTA, and the U.S. has as well, in that it now has a stable, democratic neighbor. Trade among the NAFTA m