考研英语二真题及答案.docx

1、考研英语二真题及答案2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试(英语二)真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that ver

2、y anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “volu

3、ntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to

4、 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers license 10 by the government.Google and Micro

5、soft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 com

6、munity.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administrations plan has 16 privacy ri

7、ghts activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drives license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ec

8、osystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1 A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2 A.for B.within C.while D.t

9、hough 3 A.careless B.lawless C.pointless D.helpless 4 A.reason B.reminder C.compromise D.proposal 5 A.information B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent 6 A.by B.into C.from D.over 7 A.linked B.directed C.chained D.compared 8 A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve 9 A.recall B.suggest C.select

10、 D.realize 10 A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered 11 A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in 12 A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast 13 A.trusted B.modernized C.thriving D.competing 14 A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience 15 A.on B.after C.beyond D.across 16 A.divided B.

11、disappointed C.protected D.united 17 A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually 18 A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm 19 A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible 20 A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forced完形填空参考答案15 ACBDD 610 BACCB 1115 DBACA 1620 ADACDSectio

12、n II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became pres

13、ident of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By Febr

14、uary the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independenc

15、e to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 diffe

16、rent directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after

17、 a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Altho

18、ugh a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside

19、 directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create ince

20、ntives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .Againing excessive profitsBfailing to fulfill her dutyCrefusing to make compromisesDleaving the board in tough times22. We learn

21、 from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .Agenerous investorsBunbiased executivesCshare price forecastersDindependent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to .Abecome more stableBreport incr

22、eased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firmCare accustomed to stress-free work in the firmDwill decl

23、ine incentives from the firm25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .ApermissiveBpositiveCscornfulDcriticalTEXT 1 参考答案21A。细节题：原文第1段，倒数第3行的how could?直接提到了bonus payouts 就是说 profits。22C。细节题：原文中出现outside directors有几处，helpful but less biased advisor，但是B选项用的是executive, 拼凑答案，D 选项也是

24、一样。最后一句 weathered their own crises对应forecasters。23C。细节题：原文是若干个并列，stock is likely to perform worse对应答案， 迷惑选项是B，但是主语不一致20%是probability不是earnings。24A。推理题：原文对应firms who want to .说想留住outside director就是增加incentive。25B。态度题：文章各个段落都说outside director的方面。因此是positiveText 4 Will the European Union make it? The q

25、uestion would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the projects greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the

26、 single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zones economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europes single currency from disi

27、ntegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zones dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked b

28、y quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a countrys voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of

29、 the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of

30、euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmure

31、d, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the worlds largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far mo