《计算机英语第4版》课后练习参考答案.docx

1、计算机英语第4版课后练习参考答案计算机英语（第 4 版）练习参考答案Unit One: Computer and Computer Science Unit One/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron2.input; output3.VLSI4.workstations; mainframes5.vacuum; transistors6.instructions; software7.digit; eight; byte

2、8.microminiaturization; chipII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. artificial intelligence 人工智能2.paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3.optical computer光计算机4.neural network神经网络5.instruction set指令集6.parallel processing 并行处理7.difference engine差分机8.versatile logical e

3、lement 通用逻辑元件9.silicon substrate硅衬底10.vacuum tube 真空管11.数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data12.超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit13.中央处理器 central processing unit14.个人计算机 personal computer精选文库15.模拟计算机analogue computer16.数字计算机digital computer17.通用计算机general-purpose computer18. 处理器芯片 proce

4、ssor chip19.操作指令 operating instructions20. 输入设备 input deviceIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, makingchanges if necessary:We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, andproduces output. According to themode of p

5、rocessing, computers are either analog ordigital .They can also be classified as mainframes,minicomputers , workstations, or microcomputers.All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, thiscategorization provides someindication of the compu ter speed, size, cost, and abilities.Ever si

6、nce the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generationcomputersof historic significance ,such as UNIVAC ( 通用自动计算机 ), introducedintheearly 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearingintheearly 1960s, were those in whichtransistors replaced vacuum

7、 tubes. In third-generationcomputers, dating from the 1960s, integratedcircuitsreplaced transistors. In fourth-generationcomputerssuch as microcomputers , which firstappearedin the mid-1970s, large-scaleintegrationenabled thousands ofcircuits to be incorporatedon one chip. Fifth-generationcomputers

8、are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches to computing , including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.IV . Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于

9、创建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算， 以及使用遗传基本单位 DNA （脱氧核糖核酸） 存储数据和执行 2精选文库运算的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物理限制。还有一些限制与即使最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。Unit One/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.experimentation2.interfac

10、ing3.interdisciplinary4.microprocessorII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.artificial neural network人工神经网络puter architecture 计算机体系结构3.robust computer program健壮的计算机程序4.human-computer interface人机接口5.knowledge representation知识表示6.数值分析 numerical analysis

11、7.程序设计环境programming environment8.数据结构 data structure9.存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10.虚拟现实 virtual realityUnit One/Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.output2.supercomputer3.microcontroller 3精选文库4.handheld; convergenceII.Translate the following terms or phr

12、ases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.Web page （万维）网页2.touch screen 触摸屏，触屏3.blade server 刀片服务器4. removable storage device 移动（式）存储设备5.声卡 sound card6.存储服务器storage server7.便携式媒体播放器portable media player8.硬盘 hard diskUnit Two: Computer ArchitectureUnit Two/Section AI Fill in the blanks with the

13、 information given in the text:1.input; output; storage2.Basic Input/Output System3.flatbed; hand-held4.LCD-based5.dot-matrix; inkjet6.disk; memory7.volatile8.serial; parallelII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.function key 功能键，操作键，函数键2.voice recog

14、nition module语音识别模块3.touch-sensitive region触敏区4.address bus 地址总线5.flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪 4精选文库6.dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）7.parallel connection并行连接8.cathode ray tube阴极射线管9.video game 电子游戏10.audio signal 音频信号11.操作系统 operating system12.液晶显示（器）LCD (liquid crystal display)13.喷墨打印机inkjet printer14.数据

15、总线data bus15.串行连接 serial connection16.易失性存储器volatile memory17.激光打印机laser printer18.磁盘驱动器disk drive19.基本输入输出系统BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)20. 视频显示器 video displayIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact

16、disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks, which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On aCD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的 ) areas (called “ pits ” ) on its bottomsurface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser tha

17、t projects a tiny beam oflight on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the arearepresents a 1or a 0.Like a commercial CD found inmusic stores, a CD- ROM is a“ read-only ”disc.Read-only means it cannot be writtenon or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user haveaccess only to

18、 the data imprinted (压印 ) by the publisher.A single CD-ROM disc canstore 650 megabytes (兆字节 ) of data. That isequivalent to451 floppy disks. With that muchinformation on a single disc, the time toretrieve or accessthe information is very important. Animportant characteristic of CD-ROMdrives is their

19、access rate. 5精选文库IV . Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:调制解调器是在模拟与数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列 1 和 0 表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工

20、工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。Unit Two/Section BI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.graphical2.file; scheduler3.virtual4.sliceII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. interrupt handler 中断处理程序2.virtual memory 虚拟存储（器）

21、，虚存，虚拟内存3.context switch 上下文转换，语境转换4.main memory 主存（储器）5.bit pattern 位模式6.外围设备 peripheral device7.进程表 process table8. 时间片 time slice9.图形用户界面graphical user interface10. 海量存储器 mass storage 6精选文库Unit Two/Section CI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.repository2.central; sub-sys

22、temswork4.layered 或 abstract machineII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1.code generator 代码生成程序，代码发生器2.abstract machine 抽象机3.program editor 程序编辑程序，程序编辑器4. configuration item 配置项5.计算机辅助设计CAD (computer-aided design)6.数据冗余 data redundancy7.指挥与控制系统command

23、 and control system8.视频压缩与解压缩video compression and decompressionUnit Three: Computer Language and Programming Unit Three/Section AI.Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1.artificial; instructions2.low-level; high-level3.machine4.machine5.functional; logic6.statement7.module8.dig

24、italII.Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 7精选文库1.storage register 存储寄存器2. function statement 函数语句3.program statement 程序语句4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言5.assembly language 汇编语言6.intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言7.relational language关系（型）语言8.artificial

25、 language人工语言9.data declaration 数据声明10. Structured Query Language 结构化查询语言11.可执行程序executable program12.程序模块 program module13.条件语句 conditional statement14.赋值语句 assignment statement15.逻辑语言 logic language16.机器语言 machine language17.函数式语言functional language18.程序设计语言programming language19.运行计算机程序run a comp

26、uter program20.计算机程序员computer programmerIII.Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner

27、without regard to machine-specific details.The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to thedevelopment of assembly language, which allows programmersto use mnemonics ( 助记符 )for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are thentranslated by a progr

28、amknown as an assembler (汇编程序，汇编器) into the binary encoding used by the computer.Other pieces of system software known aslinking loaders (连接装入程序 ) combine pieces of 8精选文库assembled code and load them into the machine mains memory unit, where they are thenready for execution. The concept of linkingsep

29、arate pieces of code was important, since itallowed“ libraries programs”ofto be built up to carry out common tasks a first step towardthe increasingly emphasized notion ofsoftware reuse. Assembly language was foundto besufficientlyinconvenientthathigher-levellanguages (closertonatural languages)were

30、invented in the 1950s foreasier, faster programming ; alongwiththem came the need forcompilers,programs thattranslate high-level language programsinto machine code. Asprogramming languages became morepowerful and abstract, building efficient compilers thatcreate high-quality code in terms ofexecution speed and storage consumption became aninteresting computer science