1、电力专业术语英汉对照表 This manuscript was revised on November 28, 2020电力专业术语英汉对照表突然损失发电机或线路:sudden loss of a generator or transmission line.负荷突然增加或减少:sudden load increases or decreases短路和开关操作:short circuits and switching operations.三相和对地短路:three-phase and line-to-ground faults短路器:circuit breaker暂态过电压和电流:trans
2、ient overvoltages and currents雷击:lightning strikes电涌放电器:surge arrester相量:phasor,通常用复数phasors瞬时功率:instantaneous power特别地:In particular,正弦电压或电流:A sinusoidal voltage or current at constant frequency 最大值:maximum value有效值:effective value平均值:average value坐标系实轴:real axis坐标系虚轴:imaginary axis相量图:phasor diagr
3、am for 无源元件:passive elements电阻、电感、电容、电抗:resistor, inductor, and capacitor, reactance,感性、容性:inductive, capacitive有功功率:real power or active power无功功率:reactive power功率因数:power factor功率因数角:power factor angleA single-phase source delivers 100kW to a load operating at a power factor of 0.8 lagging.物理意义:Th
4、e physical significance of 与同相位:be in phase withExample:For a purely resistive load, the current into the load is in phase with the load voltage.如式(2.1)所示:As indicated by (2.1), 落后(超前)多少相位:The current lags(leads) the voltage by 90.正弦稳态:sinusoidal-steady-state让ab,得到:Letting a=b gives按照惯例(通常):By conve
5、ntion, the power factor cos(a-b) is positive.时间区间:a time interval T. Example: The total energy absorbed by a load during a time interval T.额定值:rating. 例:额定功率power rating;发电机额定功率power rating of electric generator;额定电压:voltage rating.基尔霍夫电流(电压)方程:Kirchhoffs current(voltage) law。 (P.48)节点方程:nodal equat
6、ions导纳矩阵:admittance matrix有N个节点电压构成的列相量:column vector of N bus voltages对角元素:diagonal elements非对角元:off-diagonal elements自导纳:self-admittance; driving-point admittance互导纳:mutual admittance; transfer admittance美国8.14大停电:The US blackout on 14 August, 2003对将产生深远影响:The blackout will have huge technical and
7、 organizational consequences for the US power industry.当地仅存的无功电源无法维持电压:The existing local reactive power sources were not able to support the voltages.切除线路:trip(tripped) the lines.The isolated part suffered from low voltage and a severe deficit of generation.电力系统稳定是指:Power system stability refers to
8、 the ability of synchronous machines to move from one steady-state operating point following a disturbance to another steady-state operating point, without losing synchronism.额定值:nominal values故障类型:loss of generation, line-switching operations, faults, sudden load changes EMS=Energy Management Syste
9、m能量管理系统DMS=Distribution Management System配电网络管理系统SCADA=Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition 监管控制与数据采集(调度自动化系统)AGC=Automatic Generation Control自动发电控制LFC=Load Frequency Control负荷频率控制EDC=Economic load Dispatching Control 经济调度负荷控制RTU=Remote Terminal Unit远程终端单元(远动分站)MMI=Men Machine Interface人机交互界面(在屏
10、幕上进行监视与操作、控制)CRT=Cathode Ray Type阴极射线显示(显像管监视器)LC=Load Control负荷控制AM/FM=Automated Mapping and Facilities Management自动绘图与管理DSM=Demand Side Management需求端管理TOU=Time Of Use使用时间(次数)GEM=Generation Efficiency Management发电功效管理MIS=Management Information System信息管理系统OS=Operation System操作系统DTS=Dispatcher Train
11、ing Simulator调度员培训系统EMP=Energy Management Platform能量管理平台FAT=Factory Acceptance Test工厂验收试验SAT=on Site Acceptance Test现场验收试验RTGEN=Real Time Generation Control实时发电控制RTNET=Real Time NETwork state analysis实时网络状态分析FM=Facilities Management设备管理GIS=Geographic information System地理信息系统IEEE=The Institute of Ele
12、ctrical and Electronic Engineers 电气电子工程学会POSIX=Portable Operating System Interface Standard Portable操作系统标准MIT=Massachusetls Institute of Technology麻省理技术学院OSF=Open System Foundation开放式系统基础ANSI=American National Standards Institute北美标准协会TCP/IP=Transaction Control Protocal/ Internet Protocal 传输控制协议与互联网
13、协议SQL=Structured Query Language结构查询语言LAN=Local Area Network局域网络EPRI=Electric Power Research Institute电力研究(科学)院MMI=Man-Machine Interactive人机交互界面MMC=Man-Machine Communication人机交互通讯PHIGS=Programmers Hierachical Interactive Graphics System 分级式程序员交互图形系统LTU=Local Terminal Unit负荷终端单元SOE=Sequence Of Event r
14、ecording 事件记录顺序记忆PDR=Post Disturbance Review提示扰动(故障)记忆AFC=Automatic Frequency Control 自动频率控制ACE=Area Control Error区域控制误差 PLC=Plant Controler 工厂控制TBC=Tie line Bias Control联络线(功率)偏差控制CFC=Constant Frequency Control恒定频控制CNIC=Constant Net Interchange Control 既定网络交换控制NERC=North American Electric Reliabili
15、ty Council 北美电力可靠性联合会LDC=Load Duration Curve负荷变化曲线ELDC=Equivalent Load Duration Curve 等效负荷变化曲线OPF=Optimal Power Flow 最优潮流GRG=Generalized Reduced Gradient 函数化简梯度AVR=Automatic Voltage Regulation自动电压调整REI=Radial Equivalent Independent REI等值(辐射状等值独立电源发)ZPBN=Zero Power Balance Network零功率平衡网络(无交换功率网络)FAT=
16、Factory Acceptance TestSAT=Site Acceptance TestOMG=Object Management Group目标管理集合CORBA=Common Object Request Broker Architecture公共目标请求对象体系IDI=Interface Definition Language界面定义语言API=Application Programming Interface 应用程序界面ORB=Object Request Broker目标请求对象armature电枢(电机的部件)field场,范围pole pair杆对, 极对mmf=Magn
17、etic Motive Force 磁动势quadrature90 度相移direct and quadrature axesd和q轴magnetic circuit磁路Per unit representation每个机组的表示法Stator定子, 固定片Rotor转子flux linkage磁链torque转矩phasor representation矢量表示法,magnetic saturation磁(性)饱和open circuit电断路swing摆动、摇摆inertia惯性constant常数large-scale大规模的amortisseur阻尼器reactive电抗的capabi
18、lity可能输出功率natural固有的surge冲花transfer传递,转移loadability载荷能力,载荷率induction motor感应电动机steady-state稳态approach趋近,近似法excitation励磁underexcite欠励磁, 励磁不足limiter限制器overexcitation过激励, 超激磁subtransient次暂态phase-shifting transformer移相变压器field-shorting励磁短路prime mover原动机energy supply供电hydraulic turbine水轮机governing控制,管理,调节turbine汽轮机、涡轮机inelastic非弹性的governor蒂器thermal热的off-frequency越限频率fossil-fuelled energy systems燃气能量系统converter变换机valve阀, 活门blocking闭塞harmonics谐波ratio比fault故障composite复合的underfrequency低于额定频率,频率过低shunt并联series串联Underfrequency load shedding低频减载Interarea oscillation基面(主面)振荡
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