考点38 阅读理解七选五一备战高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过.docx

1、考点38 阅读理解七选五一备战高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过考点38 阅读理解七选五(一)高考频度：阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中(均为完整的句子)选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题形式深受英语四六级和考研阅读多项选择题的影响，体现了新课标用英语获取、处理和运用信息的能力；逐步获取用英语思维的能力。的阅读学习和教学理念。该题型命题形式仍然具有客观题的特点，又与完形填空具有异曲同工之妙，只是选项少，以句子形式出现，考查目的和侧重点不完全相同而已。 从考试说明对该题型命题目的的表述主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下

2、文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。可以得出以下判断：该题备选项可分为主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、过渡性句子(文章结构)和注释性句子(上下文逻辑意义)三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题提供解决方案。文章题材较为固定：与学生的日常生活学习紧密相关。【题型分析】 分析篇章结构，把握全篇文脉是阅读填空题解题的关键，英语的语篇(discourse)通常是由句子和语段(sentence group)构成的，语段是句子和语篇之间的中间层次，句子虽然能够

3、单独地表达相对完整的思想，但是它不能表达多方面的、比较复杂的思想，只有把几个句子结合为较大的言语片段，才能表达一个相对独立的层意，所谓的积句而成章，积章而成篇。就是这个道理。 分析文章的层次包含两种形式：一种是分析整篇文章的层次，也就是段落，另一种是分析每一个段落内部的层次，也就是语篇层次。 语篇与段落是有区别的，语段是篇章结构的中间层次，是由句子到篇的一种过渡形式，段落(paragraph)是在某些语体(如记叙文、议论文)中比语段更大的意义单位，较小的段落可以只包括一个语段或一个句子，一般来说，一个段落通常由几个语段构成。构成语段的方式有两种，一是靠句际间意义的结合，二是靠句际间的关联词，逻

4、辑性插入语来连接，在分析语段层次时，可以借助句际间的连接词语作出判断，但最主要的还是要真正体会句际间的意义关系，把握作者的思路，从语序上去发现断续点，理清层次，好文章的层次非常清晰，只有层层入手，才能真正理解文章。【解题步骤】解题步骤1在高考的现场如果考生用大量的时间来彻底读懂文章的意思其实是不现实的，也是没有必要的，我们可以尝试以下四步走。1.先读文章的开始部分，明确文章的基本话题，然后仔细阅读五个空各自的前后句寻找并画出关键词。【巧学妙记】(一名(名词)袋(代词)鼠(数次)很特殊(特殊疑问词)，连(连词)蹦(动词)带跳很彪(标点/标题)悍。)2.要对文章中出现的衔接手段保持敏感度。衔接手段

5、分为三种：词汇衔接、逻辑衔接、结构衔接。可按这几个原则判断原文的空与选项是否匹配。3.一旦确定一个选项，就要在该选项上做出标记(例如可以删掉)，以避免干扰和分散注意力。4.将选项代入到文章中重读，依据行文逻辑，再次确定选项。答题技巧细节类题型解题技巧(词汇的衔接或逻辑的衔接)1.词汇的衔接包括：(1)词汇复现复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念进行重复描述。复现关系，主要是指原词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。(2)同范畴词出现同范畴词是指跟此词汇相关或同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与此词

6、汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。(3)代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。例如it可指代单数名词或整个句子；they或them指代复数名词；one指代单数可数名词；that指代不可数名词或句子；this指代单数名词或句子;these 或those指代前句的复数名词。2.逻辑关系的衔接 过渡性句子可以从细节逻辑上判断可分为：A, 并列关系：First(ly),Second(ly),.；First, then/next,.；In

7、 the first place， in the second place.;for one thing, for another thing ,.；then /next ,finally/last 等。B, 递进关系：too ,also, besides, further ,furthermore ,moreover ,whats more , in addition ,as well , to make matters worse ,not .but. ,not only .but also等。C, 解释例证关系：for example ,for instance ,in fact/as

8、a matter of fact ,actually ,in other words /that is to say 等D, 因果关系： so /therefore ,thus ,consequently(结果) ,as a result (of), so/ such .that ., so that .等E, 转折对比关系：but, however , yet ,while /though ,or /otherwise ,on the contrary ,instead, nevertheless(然而), still ,yet, on the contrary ,in contrast /

9、 comparison 等F, 概况归纳关系：in short , in brief , in summary ,generally speaking ,in general , to conclude ,in conclusion, in a word ,on the whole , to sum up 等。3.篇章结构类题解题技巧根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略 1)如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。 (2)如果问题在段尾 通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、

10、总结等的信号词，如therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。备考策略：注重实效。阅读时不仅要注意文章的细节，更应该注意文章的布局。注意命题陷阱。切忌当同样的词，同样的名字或同样的日期都在语文或节选段落中出现，就认为它们是正确的选项，一定要符合逻辑，确保文章内容严谨。注重速度。进行限时训练，培养实战观念，不可拖沓。将近几年高考题进行分析，重点分析结构清晰分明的说明文和议论文。题组一(2020年高考真题)Passage1(2020新课标全国卷)

11、A Few Tips for Self-AcceptanceWe all want it to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36 Heres a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.37 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you

12、hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world.Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes and our failures. 38 You will make mista

13、kes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? That didnt go as planned. But, I tried my best.Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at streng

14、th before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today. 39Now that youve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words why you feel unworthy, why you dont feel good enough

15、. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?AFeeling upset again?BWhere do you start?CNothing is too small to celebrate.DRemember, you are only human. E. Set an intention for self-acceptance.F. Stop c

16、omparing yourself with others.G. When does the comparison game start?Passage3(2020新课标全国卷I)Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 36. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some

17、 western countries are using emojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 37, encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and findi

18、ng common ground in communication style can be a challenge. 38. While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is that its simple to learn and can be worth the effort.Ther

19、e is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasnt received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? 39. Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile.40, and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your em

20、ployees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication, youll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.AMessage with emojis feel more conversationalBEven a formal email can seem cold and unfriendlyCSending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strangeDThe popularity of thes

21、e platforms is spreading globallyE.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestlyF.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplaceG.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platformPassage2(2020新课标全国卷II)A housewarming party is a speci

22、al party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36 And it is good time to fill the new space with love and

23、hopeful presents.37 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if there isnt a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to

24、decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a plant.38 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isnt a lot of food served. There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give all the guests a

25、 tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.

26、40 Now most homes have central heating and dont use fires to keep warm.AThis isnt usual though.BIt is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.CYou can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.DIf youre lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.E. It also gi

27、ves people a chance to see what the new home looks like.F. The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.G. This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.题组二(2019年高考真题)Passage1(2019新课标全国卷)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is Fresh Air Really Good

28、 for You?We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” _36_ According to recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good._37_ If the air youre breathing is clean-which it would be if youre away from the smog of cities-then the air is

29、 filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈). _38_ In these places p

30、atients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a fas

31、ter rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. _39_ It gives us a great feeling of peace._40_While the suns rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin Dbut still protect your skin put on sunscreen right as you head outside. I

32、t takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and thats plenty of time for your skin to absorb a days worth of Vitamin D.A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.B. So what are you waiting for?C. Being in nature refreshes us.D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always sai