英国文学选读课后答案解析资料讲解.docx

1、英国文学选读课后答案解析资料讲解英国文学选读Poems: Hamlet (Act 3, Scene 1, lines 55-86) 生存或毁灭, 这是个必答之问题 是否应默默的忍受坎苛命运之无情打击, 还是应与深如大海之无涯苦难奋然为敌, 并将其克服。死即睡眠, 它不过如此!倘若一眠能了结心灵之苦楚与肉体之百患, 那么, 此结局是可盼的! 死去, 睡去. 但在睡眠中可能有梦, 啊, 这就是个阻碍: 当我们摆脱了此垂死之皮囊, 在死之长眠中会有何梦来临? 它令我们踌躇, 使我们心甘情愿的承受长年之灾, 否则谁肯容忍人间之百般折磨, 如暴君之政、骄者之傲 失恋之痛、法章之慢 贪官之侮、或庸民之辱假

2、如他能简单的一刃了之? 还有谁会肯去做牛做马, 终生疲於操劳 默默的忍受其苦其难, 而不远走高飞, 飘於渺茫之境 倘若他不是因恐惧身後之事而使他犹豫不前? 此境乃无人知晓之邦, 自古无返者进入我们无法知晓的地域 所以,理智能使我们成为懦夫 而顾虑能使我们本来辉煌之心志变得黯然无光, 像个病夫 再之, 这些更能坏大事, 乱大谋, 使它们失 去魄力。 Hamlet P81. Why is sleep so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shock

3、s”? Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep. Death means the end of life, you may go to or unknown world and you cant comeback. If he dies, Hamlets cant realize his will. Though “sleep” can end the heartache and the thousand natural shocks, it is a state of mind. Hamlet didnt

4、know at all. He is frightened by the possible suffering in the long “dream”. He cant predict what will happen in the sleep, may be good may be evil.2. Why would people rather bear all the sufferings of the world instead of choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet? Death is so mysteriou

5、s that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories Because people hold the same idea to grunt and sweat under a weary life, but that the dread of something after death-the undiscovered country, form whose bourn no traveler returns-puzzle the

6、will, and make us rather bear those ills we have than fly to others that we know not of?” People also are frightened by the myths in another world after death.3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.Co

7、nscience and over-considerations. He wants to revenge, but doesnt know how. He wants to kill his uncle, but finds it too risky. He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide. However, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his fathers ghost. He is in face of great dilemma. They dont know the res

8、ult after their taking the action. Such as Hamlet, he doesnt know what would happen if he kills his uncle or kills himself. So Hamlet was hesitated.Sonnet 18 P15我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？你不独比它可爱也比它温婉：狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践，夏天出赁的期限又未免太短：天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈，它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽：被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，没有芳艳不终于雕残或销毁。但是你的长夏永远不会雕落，也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳，或死神夸口你在他影

9、里漂泊，当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛，这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。1. How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? The poet opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, Shall I compare thee to a summers day? This question is comparing “thee” to the summer time of the year. It is durin

10、g this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally considered as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. 2. What makes the poet

11、think that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer and immortal?At the very beginning, the poet puts forth a question: “Shall I compare thee to a summers day?” Then he gives an answer: “Thou art lovelier and more temperate.” On the one hand, “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, and summer

12、s lease hath all too short a date;” on the other hand, “Sometime too hot the heaven shines, and often is his gold complexion dimmed.” So from the above two aspects the poet thinks that “thou” can be more beautiful than summer. In addition, “And every fair from fair sometime declines, by chance, or n

13、atures changing course untrimmed.” Compared with immortal, “But thy eternal summer shall not fade, nor lose possession of that fair thou owst, nor shall death brag thou wand rest in his shade, when in eternal lines to times thou growst.” Therefore, the poet draws a conclusion: “So long as men can br

14、eathe or eyes can see, so long lives this, and this gives life to thee.” In this poem, the poet makes “thou” more beautiful than summer and immortal because of his beautiful lines. So in this case, “thou” in the poem can be regarded as female because love can beauty eternal. Or “thou” can be referre

15、d to male, for friendship can make beauty everlasting. Even “thou” can be abstract “love” or “beauty” which will become eternal in the wonderful poem.莎士比亚诗歌的两个主题：时光不饶人，青春和美丽是短暂的；只有诗歌才有力量使美丽与爱情永存。(theme: 只有文学可与时间抗衡 )Change, Fate, and EternityHowever much it might look hes praising a beloved, this poe

16、t is definitely more concerned with tooting his own horn. Really, you could sum up the poem like this: Dear Beloved: Youre better than a summers day. But only because I can make you eternal by writing about you. Love, Shakespeare. That message is why images and symbols of time, decay, and eternity a

17、re all over this poem. Whether or not we think the beloved is actually made immortal (or just more immortal than the summers day) is up in the air, but its certainly what the speaker wants you to think.Line 4: This is where the speaker starts pointing to how short summer feels. Using personification

18、 and metaphor, the speaker suggests that summer has taken out a lease on the weather, which must be returned at the end of the summer. Summer is treated like a home-renter, while the weather is treated like a real-estate property.Lines 7-8: These lines give us the problem (everythings going to fade

19、away) that the poet is going to work against.Lines 9-12: These lines are full of all sorts of figurative language, all pointing to how the speaker is going to save the beloved from the fate of fading away. The beloveds life is described in a metaphor as a summer, and then his or her beauty is descri

20、bed in another metaphor as a commodity than can be owned or owed. Death is then personified, as the overseer of the shade (a metaphor itself for an afterlife). Finally the lines to time are a metaphor for poetry, which will ultimately save the beloved, and eternal is a parallel with eternal summer i

21、n line 9.Lines 13-14: Whats so interesting about these lines is that its hard to tell whether the speaker is using figurative language or not. Does he actually mean that the poem is alive, and that it will keep the beloved alive? Well, it depends what we mean by alive. If we read alive scientificall

22、y, as in breathing and thinking, well then alive is definitely a metaphor. But if we read it as describing a continued existence of some kind, well then maybe he does mean it literally, since surely the poem and the beloved exist for us in some sense.Sonnet 18 deals with the conventional theme that

23、natural beauty will surely be knocked out with the passing of time and that only art (poetry) can bring eternity to the one the poet loves and eulogizes.I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud P61我好似一朵孤独的流云，高高地飘游在山谷之上，突然我看见一大片鲜花，是金色的水仙遍地开放，它们开在湖畔，开在树下，它们随风嬉舞，随风波荡。它们密集如银河的星星，像群星在闪烁一片晶莹，它们沿着海湾向前伸展，通往远方仿佛无穷无尽；一眼看

24、去就有千朵万朵，万花摇首舞得多么高兴。粼粼湖波也在近旁欢跳，却不如这水仙舞得轻俏；诗人遇见这快乐的旅伴，又怎能不感到欣喜雀跃；我久久凝视却未领悟 这景象所给我的精神至宝。后来多少次我郁郁独卧，感到百无聊赖心灵空漠；这景象便在脑海中闪现，多少次安慰过我的寂寞；我的心又随水仙跳起舞来，我的心又重新充满了欢乐。1. What is the relation between the poet and nature as described in the poem?Theme of Man and the Natural World: Wordsworth is the granddaddy of al

25、l nature poets, and hes in top form in I wandered lonely as a Cloud. In her journal entry about the day in question, Wordsworths sister Dorothy wrote about their surprise at finding so many daffodils in such a strange place, next to a lake and under some trees. Howd those get there? she wondered, ev

26、en guessing that maybe the seeds floated across the lake. The event is one of the minor miracles that nature produces all the time, as anyone who has seen the documentary Planet Earth or the Disney movie Earth knows. Wordsworths nature is full of life and vitality. He appreciates its wildness and un

27、predictability, but he humanizes the landscape and fits it to his own mind.Theme of Happiness I wandered lonely as a Cloud is a poem that just makes you feel good about life. It says that even when you are by yourself and lonely and missing your friends, you can use your imagination to fine new frie

28、nds in the world around you. As John Milton famously wrote, The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven. The speaker of this poem makes a heaven out of a windy day and a bunch of daffodils. His happiness does not last forever hes not that unrealistic but t

29、he daffodils give him a little boost of joy whenever he needs it, like recharging his batteries.Theme of Spirituality The 19th century Scottish writer Thomas Carlyle coined the phrase natural supernaturalism, which has been used by later critics to describe how the Romantic poets, and especially Wor

30、dsworth, viewed the natural world as a spiritual realm. The idea is that Heaven comes down to earth and is viewed as part of the world. This poem illustrates the principle of natural supernaturalism. The daffodils are like angels and twinkling stars, and the bliss of heaven occurs in speakers imagin

31、ation. He uses Christian ideas and images to make an ode to nature without any reference to God.Theme of Memory and the Past I wandered lonely as a Cloud is almost like a simpler version of Tintern Abbey , one of Wordsworths other most famous works. In both poems, the memory of beautiful things serv

32、es as a comfort to the speaker even after the experience of viewing them has ended. He can always draw on his imagination to reproduce the joy of the event and to remember the spiritual wisdom that it provided. In the case of I wandered lonely as a Cloud, we do not realize just how far in the future the speakers perspective is located until the fourth stanza, when he describes just how often the daffodils have comforted him.2. Do you think nature can have healing effect on mind?