高中英语复习教案名词性从句.docx

1、高中英语复习教案名词性从句名词性从句复习课教学目标：1.复习名词性从句及其在句子中的作用和位置；2.辨别出四种名词性从句；3.区分出名词性从句中的同位语从句和定语从句。重要考点1.名词性从句的语序2.it作形式主语的用法3.关联词的正确选用4.引导词that 的省略教学过程1.课程导入（5min）2.语法讲解 (50min)3.练习巩固 (15min)4.练习讲解 (20min)5.考点回顾分析 (10min)课程导入判断下面的句子是什么名词性从句1.China is no longer what it used to be.2.The truth that the earth turns a

2、round the sun is known to all.3.It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4.How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5.The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.That is where Lu Xun used to live.7.He spoke as if he understood what he

3、was talking about.8.I wonder why she refused my invitation.语法讲解什么是名词性从句？ 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。引导名词性从句的关联词 Athat 连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略。 I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部。 That light trave

4、ls in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的。 It so happens that I know the man. 碰巧我认识那个。 Is it certain that they will win 他们一定会赢吗 Bwhether和if 连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略。 1whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句。 I didnt know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会。（宾语从句，可用if代替whether

5、） The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试。（表语从句，不可用if代替whether） Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 她来不来都没有关系。（主语从句，不可用if代替whether） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether） 2whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能。 It all depen

6、ds on whether they will support us. 这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不用if) Ryan was worrying about whether he had hurt her feelings. 瑞恩担心是否伤害了她的感情。 3if既可引导语从句，也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧义，应避免使用if，而用whether。 Please let me know if you want to join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（if引导的从句可被看成是宾语从句，if表示是否） Please let me know if you want to joi

7、n us. 如果你想加入我们的话，请告诉我一声。（if引导的从句可被看成是条件状语从句，if表示如果） Please let me know whether you want t join us. 请告诉我你是否想加入我们。（为避免引起歧义，可用whether表示是否） Cwho, whom, whose, what, which 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which等在从句中既起连接作用，同时又担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 No one knows who he was waiting for. 没人知道他当时在等谁。 We are worrying ab

8、out what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 Tell me whose house it is. 告诉我这是谁的家。 Let me know which train you will be arriving on. 告诉我你将乘哪列火车到达。 Dwhere, when, how, why 连接副词where, when, how, why等在从句中既是连接词，又作状语。 I dont know where we are going to have the meeting.我不知道我们将在哪儿开会。 She always thinks of how

9、she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 What I am anxious to know is when we can visit the museum. 我急于知道我们什么时候能参观博物馆。 比较： when引导的时间状语从句和名词性从句中的不同时态。 Please let me know when you arrive. 你到的时候，请告诉我一声。（when引导的是时间状语从句，从句中用一般现在时来表示将来。） Please let me know when you will arrive. 请告诉我你什么时候到。（when引导的是宾语从句，从句中用一般将来时

10、。） Ewhoever, whomever, whatever, whichever, whosever 连接代词whoever = anyone who任何人, 无论谁；whatever =anything that凡是.，无论什么；whichever = anything that无论那一个, 任何一个；whomever = anyone whom （whoever的宾格形式）。 Whoever comes to the club is welcome. 不论谁来参加这个俱乐部都欢迎。 Whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well.凡

11、是值得做的就值得做好。 They ate whatever they could find o the deserted island. 他们在荒岛找到什么就吃什么。 You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。 Whosever book is overdue will be fined. 不管谁的书过期未还都要被罚款。 比较： 连接代词whoever在宾语从句中作主语，whomever作宾语从句中宾语。 You may offer he book to

12、 whoever wants it. 你可把这本书给任何想要的人。（此句中不能使用whomever，因为whoever在宾语从句中作wants it的主语） You may offer the book to whomever you like.你可把这本书给任何你喜欢的人。（whomever在宾语从句中作you like的宾语）主语从句主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。Who will go is not important.It doesnt matter so much whether you will come or

13、not.That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 b) It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or

14、not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型）2. 用it 作形式主语的结构(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识(2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strang

15、e that 奇怪的是(3) It is 不及物动词 从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎(4) It 过去分词 从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 It is said that 据说3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：（1）if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。（2）It is said /reported结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit

16、our school next week. 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.（4）It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doe

17、snt matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter.（5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： a) What you s

18、aid yesterday is right. b) That she is still alive is a consolation表语从句 表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。 A可接表语从句的连系动词 可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。 China is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 The question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 Itappears that he h

19、as a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力. At that time, it seemed as if I couldn t think of the right word anyhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。 Bas, as ifthough引导的表语从句 He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 It sounds as ifsomeone is knocking at the door. 听起来好像有人在敲门。 Cbecause, why引导的表语从句 I

20、 think it is because you are talking too much. 我想这是因为你话说得太多。 Thats because he didnt understand me. 那是因为他没有理解我。（Thats because 强调原因） Thats why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。（Thas why 强调结果） 注意 what引导的主语从句表示结果或名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因时要用that引导，一般不宜用because。 The reason why I was sad was that he didnt

21、 understand me. 我难过的原因是他没有理解我。 What cost him his life was that he was too careless. 使他丧命的原因是他太粗心了。 D使用虚拟语气的表语从句 在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用should+动词原形表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice, suggestion, order, proposal, insistence, plan, idea等。 My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早

22、就出发。 His proposal was that they (should ) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition. 他的提议是挑战别的班级进行一场友谊竞赛。宾语从句 在复合句中用作动词宾语或介词宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 A. 作动词宾语 He told us（that）he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。 Do you know whose dictionary it is 你知道这是谁的字典？ He has informed me when they are to discuss the work pl

23、an. 他已经通知我他们将什么时候讨论工作计划 Give a reading list to whoever comes. 给所有来的人一份阅读书目。 注意： doubt（怀疑）的肯定句接if/whether引导的宾语从句，但否定句和疑问句接that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt whether if he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。 I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我相信他能把这首诗背下来。 Do you doubt that he will win 你不相信会获胜吗 B作介词的宾语 He was deeply

24、displeased by what had occurred that day. 他对那天发生的事感到很不快。 I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。 Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it. 你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。 They were praised or criticized according to how they had done their work. 他们受表扬还是受批评是根据他们工作好坏而定。 He goe

25、s to the library every day except when it is raining. 除了天下雨外，他每天都去图书馆。 注意： that引导的宾语从句只用在少数介词后，如：except, in, but等。此时，that不能省略。 I know little about him except that he lives downstairs. 我对他知之甚少，只知道他住在楼下。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学们不同的地方在于他把业余时间

26、用在阅读上。 C. 作形容词的宾语 I am not sure what I ought to do. 我不能确定我该做什么。 Im afraid (that) you dont understand what I said. 恐怕你没领会我说的意思。 Im surprised (that) I didnt see all that before. 我好奇怪，我以前没见过那一切。 D. 用it作形式宾语的情况 1和it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末，这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。 We thought it strange that Xiao Wan

27、g did not come yesterday. 我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。 He has made it clear that he will not give n. 他已表明他不会屈服。 2由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。 You may depend on it that I shall always support you. 你可以放心我会永远支持你的。 Ill see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问

28、题会立即得到处理的。 3在take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on等动词以及一些表示爱好的动词（enjoy, hate, like, love, dont mind, resent 等）之后，形式宾语it可直接跟宾语从句。 I take it that hes not interested in the book. 我猜想他对这本书不感兴趣。 She hid it that she was married. 她隐瞒了她已婚的事实。 I dont like it when you look at me like that! 我不喜欢那样看我。 4. it不

29、能作由连接代词 whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever引导的宾语从句的形式宾语。 You may do whatever you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。 Ill take whichever book interests me.我愿买任何让我感兴趣的书。 We are ready to offer help to whoever needs it. 我们乐意帮助任何需要帮助的人。 E宾语从句的语序 和其他词性从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 How can I get to the station Can

30、 you tell me Can you tell me how I can get to the station 你能告诉我怎样去车站吗？ What does he like I wonder I wonder what he likes. 我想知道他喜欢什么。 Where were you born He asked He asked me where I was born. 他问我出生的地方。 比较： He asked me what was the matter. 他问我出了什么事。(the matter = wrong) He asked me what the matter was

31、. 他问我那是什么物质。 F宾语从句中的时态 1在一般情况下，宾语从句中时态要和主句相一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。 He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation. 他说自解放以来他一直住在北京。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English. 他明确地说他更喜欢学英语。 2有时，宾语从句中时态也可以和主句不一致。 You cant imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game.你无法想象他们获得比赛第一名时是多么的兴奋。 Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring 你能确定你把金戒指放哪儿了吗？ 3客观真理和自然规律的内容在宾语从句中时态保持不变。 Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun. 迈克问地球是否绕着太阳