用法02 无被动语态的情况解析版备战高考英语二轮复习之英语语态知识条目高效练.docx

1、用法02 无被动语态的情况解析版备战高考英语二轮复习之英语语态知识条目高效练备战2021年高考英语二轮复习之英语语态“知识条目”高效练结构2 无被动语态的情况【要点回顾】1、一般以为凡及物动词都有相应的被动句，其实不然，当“主 动 宾”结构的谓语动词是表示状态或特征的及物动词，如contain,cost,fit,have,lack,resemble,suit等，主动句便没有相应的被动句： Linda resembles her mother.琳达象她母亲。 This red coat becomes her.这件红上衣合她的身。 The auditorium holds 2000 people

2、.大礼堂能容纳两千人。 My shoes dont fit me.我的鞋不合脚。 Jack always lacks confidence.杰克总是缺乏信心。 但是，状态动词know有相应的被动态：Experts have been known to make this mistake.大家知道，专家也会犯这种错误。 有时，有些不能用于被动语态的状态动词，在同一意义上，如果不用by词组，可以有被动句。如：All my things are held inthis box.这只箱子里装着我所有的东西。 2、某些被动句没有相应的主动句。例如： She was born in Nanjing.她生于

3、南京。 He was said to be an honest man.据说他是个老实人。 They will be married next month.他们将于下月结婚。 Mary said that she was not obliged to work overtime.玛丽说她并不是非加班不可。 3、当“主 动 宾”结构的宾语为反身代词或相互代词时，通常不能转换为被动句。例如： The doctor dedicated herself to finding a cure.这位医生为寻求一种治疗方法奉献了她的一生。 Did he hurt himself when he fell?他跌

4、倒时有没有摔伤了自己? We could hardly see each other in the fog.在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见。 They told each other about their families.他们互相向对方讲述了各自的家庭情况。 4、用于被动语态的have。 动词have作为“有”的意思时，是状态动词，没有相应的被动态。但是在下列情况中，have有被动语态。 a、作为“被买到(得到)”、“被找到”意思时： We tried to get a copy of her book,but there was none to be had(to be bought).我们想

5、弄到一本她的书，但就是买不到。 That is about the only work to be had(=to be found) at this time of the year.那大概就是今年此时唯一能找到的工作了。 b、作为“欺(哄)骗”意思时，口语中常用被动态： Im afraid youve been had.恐怕你上当了。 Hes not the first person thats been had in that way.他并非第一个这样上当受骗的人。 c、作“被贿赂”意思时： The man was had (=was bribed) into giving them t

6、he documents.这人被贿赂，给他们提供了文件。 d、与某些介词或副词构成短语动词时，相当于一个及物动词： Ive been had on (=have been fooled) too often to take his stories seriously.我时常上他的当，不再把他的话当真了。 The young man was had up (=was taken to court)for dangerous driving.这年青人因危险驾车被法庭传讯。 5、有些原来不及物的动词，如果作使役动词来用，那么有被动语态，较常见的有fly,run,stand,walk等。例如： Man

7、y cars have been flown to Europe.许多汽车已被空运到欧洲去了。 This bottle must not be stood close to the fire.这只瓶不得放在近火处。 Horses should be walked for some time after a race.赛马后，得溜一会儿马。 【强化训练】1. He _ to be an honest friend in the end.A. was proved B. is proved C. proved D. is proving【答案】C【详解】考查动词用法和时态。句意：最终他证明是一个诚

8、实的朋友。结合句意和in the end可知，此处陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，prove作“证明是”讲时是系动词，无被动形式。故选C。2. The dish _Sichuan province, China _hot but tasty.A. originating from; is tasted B. originating from; tastesC. originated from; is tasted D. originated from; tastes【答案】B【详解】考查非谓语动词和感官动词。句意：起源于中国四川的这道菜尝起来辣而可口。第一空，分析句子结构可知originate

9、 from在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语dish构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作后置定语；第二空，taste在句中作谓语，陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为dish，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，taste此处表示“尝起来”，为感官动词，无被动语态。故选B。3. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. Exhausting, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.B. The square tower had been remained standing for one thousand years.C.

10、 John Snows research suggested that water was to blame for the spread of cholera.D. I wont have you talked so rudely to your mother.【答案】C【详解】考查句子表达。A项的“Exhausting”是错误的，应该使用过去分词exhausted作状语；B项的“had been remained”是错误的，remain不能用于被动语态，应该使用主动语态，因此been要去掉；D项的“talked”是错误的，应该使用现在分词talking作宾语补足语，wont have sb

11、 doing表示“不能容忍某人做某事”；C项正确，该句子意为：约翰斯诺的研究表明霍乱的蔓延归咎于水。故选C项。4. Which of the following sentences is correct?A. There have been many great changes take place in my home town in the past few years.B. There have been many great changes taken place in my home town in the past few years.C. Great changes have b

12、een taken place in my home town in the past few years.D. Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past few years.【答案】D【详解】考查take place的用法。A项的“take place”和B项的“taken place”是错误的，changes发出take place的动作，应该使用现在分词taking place作后置定语；C项的“ have been taken place ”是错误的，take place不能用于被动语态，应该使用主动语态，因此

13、been要去掉。D项正确，该句子意为：过去几年中我的家乡发生了很大的变化。故选D项。5. SARS _quickly in April 2003 in China and you cant imagine the difficulty the doctors had _itA. were spread; controlling B. was spread; to controlC. spread; to control D. spread; controlling【答案】D【详解】考查动词时态语态和非谓语动词。句意：2003年4月，SARS在中国迅速蔓延，你无法想象医生控制它的难度有多大。第一

14、空中，spread为不及物动词，没有被动语态，且根据时间状语可知为一般过去时，故排除A、B选项；第二空为短语have difficulty (in) doing sth.，表示“做某事有困难”。故选D。6. Save your energy or it will soon _.A. be run out B. run out C. be given out D. use up【答案】B【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：节省你的能量，否则它很快就会耗尽。run out用完，主语是时间、金钱、食物等无生命名词，不可用于被动结构，也不接宾语，故排除A选项；give out分发，发出，公布，此处与语境不

15、符，故排除C选项；use up表示“用完”，主语可以是人也可以是物，有被动形式，本句中主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，故use up需要使用被动语态，故排除D选项。此处it指代energy“能量”，为无生命名词，没有被动语态，故应用run out。故选B。7. Shall we ask Bob to help us do the work ?Sure . Time _and we have a lot to do tonight .A. is run out B. is running out C. has been run out D. was run out【答案】B【详解】考查时态。句意：我

16、们可以去叫鲍勃帮我们作这个工作吗？当然可以。时间马上就用完了，今天晚上我们还有很多事情要做。run out“用完”，没有被动语态，结合语境可知，此处是指时间马上用完，用现在进行时表将来，故选B项。8. Great changes_ in China since the Peoples Republic of China_ in 1949.A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded【答案】A【分析】考

17、查动词时态语态。句意：自从1949年中华人民共和国成立之后，中国已经了巨大的变化。第一空根据since可知，主句用现在完成时，同时take place无被动，主语为changes，故助动词用have，故第一空填have taken place；第二空根据后文in 1949以及since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，同时found和the Peoples Republic of China之间为被动关系，且谓语动词应用单数形式，故第二个空填was founded。故选A。9. Nanjing is no longer what it was. Great changes _ in the

18、past few years.A. were taken place B. are taken placeC. have taken place D. are taking place【答案】C【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：南京不再是原来的样子了。 过去几年发生了巨大变化。take place为固定词组，意为“发生”，它没有被动语态， 根据时间状语in the past few years可知为现在完成时，故选C。10. The house _ an old lady is in good condition.A. belongs to B. is belonged to C. belongi

19、ng to D. belonged to【答案】C【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：属于老太太的房子状态很好。is是谓语动词，所以空格处作house的后置定语，belong to是不及物动词，没有被动结构。故选C。11. A bad fire _ in the basement of the supermarket last week.A. broke upB. was broken upC. was broken outD. broke out【答案】D【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上周超市地下室发生了一场严重的火灾。break out表示“爆发”，无被动，break up“结束，破裂”。根据

20、时间状语 last week，可知本句用一般过去时。结合句意故选D。12. Actually, the garden, as well as the trees around it, a man living across the street.A. is belonged to B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to【答案】C【详解】考查动词时态。句意：实际上，花园和周围的树都属于生活在住在街对面一个人。belong to“属于”，无被动式；故A、B项错误；主语是the garden，as well as the trees around

21、it修饰主语作定语，主语是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数，故选C。13. The pen is made in German, and it _ smoothly.A. is written B. wrote C. has been written D. writes【答案】D【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：这只钢笔是德国制造，它写起来很流畅。根据is判断为一般现在时，“写起来流畅”是钢笔的特征，不强调动作，故用主动。故选D项。【点睛】本题考查表事物特征用主动，常见的词有write, sell, watch, spread, open等，例如：This kind of book sells we

22、ll。这类书畅销。（畅销是书的特征）The cloth washes well。这布料好洗。（好洗是布料的特征）14. Once fighting _ between the two villages and many people were killed.A. broke out B. was broken outC. had broken out D. had been broken out【答案】A【详解】考查时态。句意：一旦两个村庄之间爆发恶斗，许多人会丧生。根据“were killed”可知，本句为一般过去时，且break out为不及物动词短语，无被动形式。故选A项。15. The

23、 dictionary as well as the grammar books that _ bookmarks in them _ Jane.A. has; belong to B. have; belongs toC. have; is belonged to D. has; are belonged to【答案】B【详解】考查主谓一致及语态。句意：字典和有书签的语法书是属于Jane的。第一空处是由that引导的定语从句，其先行词为为books，故谓语动词要用复数形式。第二空处应为整个句子的谓语，其单复数形式应与as well as前面的主语保持一致，又因belong to无被动结构，且

24、句子为一般现在时。故选B。16. Great changes_ in our school in the past 5 years. A. took place B. were taken placeC. have taken place D. have been taken place【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：在过去的五年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。take place发生，无被动。故选C。17. We live in a beautiful cottage with a yard, which _ 20 feet from side to side.A. measures B.

25、is measuredC. measured D. has been measured【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考察非谓语。句意：我们住的地方有一个院子，这个院子从一遍到另一边的距离是20英尺。18. Great changes _ in his hometown in the last twenty years.A. were taken place B. have taken placeC. have been taken place D. took place【答案】B【解析】试题分析：考查时态。句意：在过去的20年里，他的家乡发生了巨大的变化。本句中的关键词是in the last

26、twenty years，该时间状语通常和现在完成时连用，而且take place没有被动语态的形式，故B正确。19. The bag over there is so big that I suppose it _ nearly sixty kilosA. weighs B. is weighedC. weighing D. to be weighed【答案】A【解析】试题分析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：那边的袋子那么大，我想它的重量大约是六十公斤。这里weigh表示“重量为”，与bag之间是主动关系，所以不用被动式，这里是一般现在时，在it后用第三人称单数形式，故选A。20. Great

27、changes _ in my hometown in the last 30 years and local people are living a happy life today.A. took place B. were taken placeC. have taken place D. have been taken place【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：在中国过去的30年中发生了巨大的变化,很多中国人今天过着幸福的生活。take place “发生”，不及物动词短语，没有被动形式。故排除BD。和in the past 30 years连用用现在完成时，故选C。21. As w

28、e all know, future _ the well-educated.A. is belonging to B. was belonging toC. is belonged to D. belongs to【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查belong to的用法。句意：众所周知，未来属于受过良好教育的人。belong to属于，不用于被动语态和进行时，排除A、B、C，故选D。22. It _ that all the students were having lessons in the teaching buildings when the earthquake occurred.

29、A. happens B. was happenedC. was happening D. happened【答案】D【解析】试题分析：考查时态。句意：当地震发生时，所有的学生碰巧正在教学楼里上课。It happened/happens that.碰巧发生某事，根据句意可知是过去的事情，用happened，故选D。23. The rapid economic growth that _ in China in recent years has resulted in great improvements in living conditions for many Chinese.A. took

30、 placeB. has taken placeC. has been taken placeD. was taken place【答案】B【解析】考查时态，根据句意理解应为增长发生，是主动发生的，而不是被增长，所以用主动语态，而经济增长对現在造成的影响，所以用現在完成时。句意：中国近几年经济快速增长对許多中国人的生活条件有了极大的改善。故选B。24. As soon as the project _ at the meeting, it attracted many peoples attention.A. comes up B. was come upC. came up D. had b

31、een come up【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：这个项目在会议上一被提出就吸引了人们的关注。come up:提到，出现，主语为物。sth. come up: 某事被提出。由attracted可知句子为一般过去时，故选C。25. Ever since that political congress last year took many effective measures to develop economy, great changes of peoples life have .A. came to power; taken placeB. came to power; been taken placeC. coming to power; been taken placeD. coming to power; taken place【答案】D【解析】试题分析:考查动词短语。come to power 上台，掌权；