高考英语介词复习练习.docx

1、高考英语介词复习练习高考英语介词复习练习语法复习十七：介 词介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。（一）介词的句法功能介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。1、作定语：The book on the t

2、able is mine.2、作状语：We have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.（二）主要介词区别1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 oclock ，常用词组有：at noon,

3、at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Year等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on

4、 May Day, on a warm morning等。2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ We have not seen each other since 1995.3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示“在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示“在（一段时间）之后”，而after则表示“在（某一具体时间点之后）”，in短语和将来时态连用，afte

5、r短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：Well be back in three days./ After seven the rain began to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north

6、of China./ Japan is to the east of China.5、表示“在上”的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。 如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.6、表示“穿过”的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on有关。如： Water flows throug

7、h the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示“在角上”，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指“在拐角处”，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on t

8、he corner of the table.8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作“最后”、“终于”解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示“在末梢”，“到尽头”，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作“在结束时”，“到末为止”解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They de

9、cided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.9、表示“关于”的about 和on：两者都有“关于”的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的“论述”。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：You

10、 are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They dont k

11、now the difference between wheat, oats and barley.11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指“除了还有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.；except指“除了，减去什么”，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示“除了外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the n

12、ewspaper.；except for表示“如无就，只是”表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。12、表示“用”的in和with：表示工具的“用”，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的“用”，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ We measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ Tell me the s

13、tory in English.13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示“由谁负责、照顾、管理”。区别在于：in charge ofmother died _ hungry and cold. A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of6. If you run _ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of7. This is a common mistake _ students. A. between B.over C. among

14、 D. about8. My father began to work _ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.A.for B.to C.at D.as9. _ hearing the news, I was wild _ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over10.I don t think Xiao Li is _ the other students _ mathematics.A. after, on B. after, with C. behind, in D. behind

15、, at11. Nobody knows it _ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but12. The window is never opened _ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for13. It happened _ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for14. We go to school _ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove15. Its very kind_ you to repa

16、ir the bike _ me.A.for.for B.of,of C.of,for D.for,of16. Fresh air is good _ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to17.The boy is waiting _ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait _ their sick mother.A.for,on B.on,for C.for,for D.on.on18.The group is made up_five students. And they are studying h