初中英语习题讲解语法讲解一本通.docx

1、初中英语习题讲解语法讲解一本通阳 虎 教 育 资 料初中基础语法知识 姓名 _ 一、名词1、可数名词和不可数名词怎样来表示数量？哪些名词既可数又不可数名词？(6个单词) 基数词+可数名词复数或用many, a few, a lot of /lots of /plenty of, some, any+可数名词复数：eight oranges, many students, lots of tomatoes, some boys (注意区别some _某个男孩), any matches (注意区别any _ 任何比赛), six boxes of books 基数词+量词(piece, kind

2、, box, bottle, cup, glass, bag)+不可数名词或用much, a little, a lot of /lots of /plenty of, some, any+不可数名词：two pieces of paper, three boxes of orange, forty bags of rice, five cups of tea, much water, some drink, any advice _(工作，作品、工厂), _(橙汁，桔子), _(时间，次数、倍数), _(鸡肉，小鸡), _(纸，试卷、报纸), _(玻璃，玻璃杯), _(空间，房间)2、可数名

3、词复数如何变？ 规则(1)、一般情况加_：pen_, doctor_ (2)、以_，_，_，_，结尾的词加_：bus_，class_，box_，fox_，watch_，brush_, wish_ (3)、以辅音母加_结尾的词变“_”为“_”再加_：city_, factory_, country_, family_, baby_, story_, party_, century_, worry_ (4)、以元音字母加_结尾的名词的复数形式只加_：boy_, day_, key_, way_, toy_ (5)、以_结尾的词多数都加_：hero_，potato_，tomato_ (6)、词末有两

4、个元音字母的词和外来词只加_：zoo_，radio_，photo_，piano_ (7) 以_或_结尾的词，多数变_为_再加_：knife_，leaf_, half_, thief_, wife_ (注意：roof(屋顶)roofs；scarf_ / _)。 不规则(7个单词) man_，woman_，tooth_，foot_，goose_，child_，mouse_, policeman_, policewoman_, Englishman_单数形式而只能表示复数(2个单词) _ 人, _ 警察单复数形式相同(5个单词) _ 中国人，_ 日本人，_绵羊，_鹿，_鱼，_方式复数形式只能是单数

5、(3个单词) _新闻, _ 数学, _ 物理, _ 瀑布, _ 美国一般只有复数无单数 (4个单词) _(裤子), _眼镜, _ 衣服, _ (货物), _ (筷子)复合词的复数如何变 (1) 主名词为复数：banana tree_, daughter in law _,(儿媳)，boy student_， girl friend_，shoe factory_ (2) 如是man或woman作定语时，同时变复数：man driver_(男司机) woman doctor_(女大夫) (3) sport一般用复数作定语：sports bag_, sports shoe_人名复数的用法及意思是什么

6、？ The +人名表示_ The Greens = _ family 谓语用_3、名词所有格的加法及用法 (1) 单数后_：a _ (学生)room, my _(母亲) father (2) 以_结尾的复数在_后加_：_(双胞胎) rooms, _ (教师) Day (注意：以_结尾的单数名词加_，如是姓氏(名字)时，则可以直接加_或加_：an _ (女演员) experience, a _(女服务员) job，_ (James) sister或_ sister，_ (Jones) books或_ books) (3) 特殊名词复数加_：_ (儿童) Day, _(妇女) Day, _ (鼠)

7、 hair (4) 由and连接的表示共同拥有加_为所有格：_ (玛丽和约翰) father, _ (Nick and Tim) bedroom （注意：分别拥有则_加所有格：_ (Jim and Mike) mothers, _ (Jack and Lucy) chairs） (5) 在表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词的所有格要用_(此结构可以用连字号表示，此时所有格只能用单数)：a twenty _ (分钟) walk= a _ walk，ten _(英里) journey = _ journey(旅行)，a _ (船) length(长度)，two _ weight =

8、 two-pound weight(两磅重), ten _ worth = ten-dollar worth(值10美元)。4、双重所有格的组成是什么？（1） a(two)+名词_(_)+_+名词_（_物主代词） =one (two) _ +名词_（_物主代词）+名词_：我父亲的一个朋友a _ of _ _= one of my _ _, 我照片中的一张a photo of _ = one of _ _ （2）the +名词+_+名词=(the)+名词_+名词：the _(猫) name =the name _ the _, the _(狗) legs =the legs _ the _, _

9、 (中国) population =the population _ _, Chinas capital =the capital of China二、数词1、写出1-110和2048，8563的基数词和序数词，基数与序数如何转换 _ /_ =1st _ /_ =2nd _ /_ =3rd _ /_ =4th _ /_ =5th _ /_ =6th _ /_ =7th _ /_ =8th _ /_ = 9th _ /_ =10th _ /_ =11th _ /_ =12th _ /_ =13th _ /_ = 14th _ /_ =15th _ /_ =16th _ /_ =17th _ /_

10、 =18th _ /_ =19th _ /_ =20th _ /_ =21st _ /_ =22nd _ /_ =23rd _ /_ =24th _ /_ 25th _ / _ = 29th _ /_ =30th _ /_ = 40th _ /_ =50th _ /_ =60th _ /_ =70th _ /_ =80th _ /_ = 90th _ /_ =91st _ /_ =99th _ /_ =100th _ /_ =101st _ /_ = 102nd _ / _ = 110th_ /_ =_ /_ = _ 注意：序数词前一般用_表示“第几”：_ ninth girl 第九的一个女孩

11、, _ eighteenth desk第十八的一张桌子； 但也可用_或_表示“再、又”，相当于another或基数词+more：_ ninth girl = _ nine girls = nine _ girls 再要九个女孩 基数与序数如何转换：名词+基数(每词首字母大写= the +序数+名词(每词的首字母小写) 第8单元: _ _ = the _ _ 5路公交车: _ _ 5 = the _ 5 _2、准确数与概数；钟点；时间长度距离名词等的表达法和用法 基数词+_ (百) /_(千)_ /_ (百万) +名词_，some /many /few /several (无基数词) _ (百)

12、 /_(千)_ /_ (百万) + _ +名词_ 点+分（30）=分+_ /_+点： 在5:20 at _ =at _ five, 点+分（30）=60-分+_+点+1：在4:40 at four _ = at _ five 译：9:28 _, _ 11:45 _, _ 基数+名词_+形容词相当于名词=基数-名词_-形容词复数：twelve _(岁) old = twelve-_ -_，而基数+名词_+形容词相当于形容词作定语 =基数-名词_-形容词：a twelve _(岁) old boy = a twelve-_-_ boy3、分数如何表示，作主语时谓语如何确定？ 组成： _(one)+

13、_(有的加上连字符号)，谓语根据所修饰的_的数来确定谓语的数：3/4 _ _ = _ _, Six _ (11) of water _ run out of. Four _ (9) of apples _ in the bag.三、代词1、人称代词的主格和宾格分别是哪些？如何区别使用？(写出) I _ you _ she _ they （作主语，位于动词前） _ us _ him _ it _ （作宾语，位于动词后）2、物主代词的名词性和形容词性分别是哪些？如何区别使用？(写出)my _ your his her _ their （不能单独用，后面须接名词）_ ours yours _ _ i

14、ts _ (单独用，后不接名词) 注意its_, its _(汉语)3、反身代词有哪些？(写出) 常与哪些动词或介词搭配？(6个动词，3个介词) myself _(我们自己) yourself yourselves _ (他自己) _ (她自己) itself _ (他们自己) (单独用，作宾语，一般不作主语) _ (教) /hurt /_(帮助) / dress / call /kill oneself; by / for / of/ be angry with oneself 注意：不可作定语表示某物是自己的，只能用名词+of ones own： a car of _ _ = _ _ ca

15、r 我自己的车(不能说myself car或a car of myself)4、不定代词有哪些？(写出) 复合不定代词有哪些？(写出) 它们用什么代词代替？位置如何？ 不定代词：_ 两者都, _ 所有都, _ 一些，某一, _ 一些，任何一个, _ 两个中任一个, _两个都不, each, one, few, little 复合不定代词：everything, everybody, everyone, everywhere, anything, anybody, anyone, anywhere, something, somebody, someone, somewhere, nothing

16、, nobody, none, nowhere 这些词指物用_代替，指人用_或_代替，有形容词修饰时放在这些单词后面。 同时区别以下不定代词：(1) little, few, a little, a fewlittle+不可数名词(否定意思), few+可数名词复数(否定意思), a little+不可数名词(肯定), a few+可数名词复数(肯定) The problem is very hard, _ people can work it out. There is _ rice, please buy some back home. I can speak only _ French,

17、 so I cant talk with them. Quite _ students like playing games. I saw _ boy playing with a cat on the playground. (思考：填a few变哪个单词)(2) any, some any+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于否定句和疑问句)；any +可数名词单数 表示任何一个(用于陈述肯定句) some+可数名词复数/不可数名词(用于陈述肯定句或委婉语气的句子)；some+可数名词单数表示某一个.(用于陈述肯定句) I ask for _ help. _ girls are reading

18、under the tree. People can fly to the moon _ day. Would you like _ fruit? _ girl likes hearing nice words. Do you want _ milk? Did he eat _ apples? Would you like coffee, water or tea? _ is OK. I dont mind.(3) it, one, that, those, this it代替前文所指的物，特指，单数，也可代替时间、距离、或形式主语与宾语，也可指人，当不知对方性别时用it；one代替上文所指的

19、同一类物，泛指，可数单数，复数用ones，不可数用that代替，同时常用于两者比较中的另一者，如果是复数则用those代替，另外打电话询问对方是谁用that代替，不用you，而回答我是谁时用This is代替，不用Im。 I have a dog. _ is very clever. I have some toys, do you have _, Mike? Whos _? _ is Nick. I found _ easy to study English well. The weather in Chongqing is hotter than _ in Beijing in summe

20、r. Dont throw it like _. _ orange is redder than that _. The books in the library are much more than _ in the bookstore.(4) no one, none, every one, everyone no one常指人，回答who，后不接of；而none指物或人均可，后可接of，回答how many或how much；every one 指人或物，后可接of，而everyone指人，后不接of。均表示数量是3或3者以上。 _ of us is here. _ are late.

21、_ is happy to watch movies. _ of us is moved. -How many students are there in the classroom? - _. They are having P.E on the playground. -Who is in the classroom? - _. They are having P.E on the playground. -How much milk is there in the bottle? - _. Please give another one.(5) both, all, either, ne

22、ither, any, none, each, every (注意：有的题答案不只一个)bothalleitherneitheranynoneeachevery数量=23=2=23323接of 可否可可可可可可可否名单复数复复单单单不单单可数与不可数可可、不可可可可、否可可可否单独用可可可可可可可否谓语(单复)复复、单三单三单三单复、单三单三单词组bothand.和.都(谓复)eitheror或者.或者(谓近)neithernor既不也不 (谓靠近)each otherevery three weeks每三天every other day每隔一天注意它们后接of时的名词均为复数或代词宾格，而a

23、ll, none of后还可以接不可数名词。 There are many buildings on _ side of street. There are many trees on _ side of playground. There are many building on _ sides of street. There are many trees on _ sides of playground. - Do you want bananas or pears? - _, Id like apples. - Do you want bananas or pears? - _is O

24、K, I dont mind. -Do you want bananas, oranges or pears? - _ , Id like apples. -Do you want bananas, orange or pears? - _ is OK, I dont mind. _ of them has spoken at the meeting. _ of them have spoken at the meeting. _ of your parents is at home. _ of your parents are at home. I am _ a student nor worker. I am _ a student and worker. _ twin is reading in the room. _ boy in the class loves h