医学人文英语教程答案.docx

1、医学人文英语教程答案 集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-19882）医学人文英语教程答案Unit 1. History of medicineKeysText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary, and pay attention to the tense, voice and collocations of the verbs.1. is credited with;2. are somet

2、imes referred to as;3. was supposed to;4. were espoused by;5. in addition to;6. was attributed to;7. categorize;8. is given credit for;9. though.Sentence Simulation（略） Translate the following sentences into English.1.Hippocrates proposed the humoral theory that the body of man has four distinct bodi

3、ly fluids in itself: blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile, different mixture of which leads to different temperaments. 2.In ancient Greece, career as a doctor was passed on from father to son, so Hippocrates studied medicine under his father from his early age.3.Ancient Greek medicine was a fie

4、ld restricted by religious superstition where wizards cured diseases by means of prayer, magic or ritual recitation of spells.4.It now appears that Hippocrates was incorrect in his explanation of the causes of human temperament, but his temperament categories and names have been in use ever since.5.

5、Ancient Western doctors about to enter medical practice were required to take an oath on medical ethics, which was derived from the oath of Hippocrates, an ancient Greek physician revered as father of medicine” in the West.6.As the father of Western medicine, Hippocrates is the first to formulate th

6、e code of ethics that doctors are required to comply with. Furthermore, his medical opinions and medical practice have exerted a huge influence on the development of Western medicine for centuries.Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have read.1. Four traditional examination

7、methods: looking, listening and smelling, asking, and touching.2. TCM can make diagnoses and treat patients without needing a scientific understanding of cause and pathogenesis.the fundamentals of TCM remain largely unchanged and its theories inexplicable to science.3.the methodological quality of t

8、rials is low.Most of these trials are published in Chinese, inaccessible to western doctors, and not included in systematic reviews. Selective publication of positive trials is another problem.4. All natural phenomena could be categorised into Yin and Yang (two opposite, complementary, interdependen

9、t, and exchangeable aspects of nature), everything in the universe consisted of five basic elements (wood, fire, earth, metal, and water), and the universe was constantly changing towards dynamic balance or harmony. Yin refers largely to the material aspects of the organism and Yang to functions. Th

10、ere is a circulation of Qi (energy) and blood. The organs work together by regulating and preserving Qi and blood through the so-called channels and collaterals. Disease occurs after a disturbance in Yin-Yang or flow of Qi or blood, or disharmony in the organs caused by pathogenic (eg, sadness, joy,

11、 lifestyle) and climatic factors (dampness, heat, cold). Treatment aims to expel or suppress the cause and restore balance.Unit 2 Health professionals for a new centuryText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1.integration2.kept pace with 3.a

12、dopts 4.In view of5.effectiveness6.ultimate7.acquiring8.attributes9.shifts10.encounterTranslate the following sentences into English.7.Medical science is no longer simply biomedicine, but a comprehensive discipline of humanities, social sciences and biomedicine.8.Science and technology development,

13、along with social progress, has put forward higher demands and greater challenges on higher medical education.9.Medical education is characterized by a high degree of specialization and practicality, as well as a comparatively high cost and a long training cycle.10.It is the main task of medical sch

14、ools to train good doctors needed by the people.11.The objective of clinical medical education is to train capable and well qualified academic doctors with a solid professional foundation and a broad spectrum of knowledge.12.The innovation of teaching methods has not only improved the students initi

15、ative and enthusiasm to learn, but also enhanced the quality of clinical teaching and practice.13.In spite of its great progress, our countrys medical education still fails to keep pace with social progress, development of science and technology, and needs for medical and health reform. Translate th

16、e following passage/sentence into Chinese.1.过去一个世纪教育的进步在于三个时代的教育改革。第一个时代始于20世纪初，注重教授科学课程。大约于20世纪中期，第二个时代的改革开启了问题导向式的教学革新。现在，我们需要进行体系导向式的第三个时代的教育改革，通过调整核心专业技能使其适应特定环境，同时借鉴国际化知识，从而提升医疗体系的性能。2.迁移学习是一种重要成果，其包含了三个基本的转变：从对事实的记忆转变为对信息的搜索、分析和综合从而作出决策；从追求专业文凭转变为实现核心竞争力从而达到医疗体系里有效的团队协作；还有，从对教育模式不带批判的照搬应用转变为对整

17、体资源的创造性改造以应对局部的重点问题。3.医护人员在过去一个世纪以来对人类健康和发展做出了巨大贡献，然而，自满只会让人们继续徒劳地采用20世纪的教育策略，而无法应对21世纪的挑战。Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have read.1.Because it is crucial to tackle the obstacles of the 21st century.2.The outcome-based core curriculum has served as a framework in many

18、countries, and can be adjusted for specific local needs as postulated by the commissioners.3.Students participate in an international forum which brings together students of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions (namely, the World Healthcare Students Symposium). The benefits of

19、the annual World Healthcare Students Symposia are for students to learn to understand the different professions and discuss the best ways of effective and fruitful collaboration.4.The authors think the proposed focus on the implementation of innovative and promising information and communication tec

20、hnologies merits attention and believe in its potential benefits for the education of medical students. According to the authors, students from low-income countries with a lack of resources can especially benefit from such initiatives as the website Health Sciences Online, although such free initiat

21、ives should not counteract the proposal to focus development assistance more strongly on health professionals education.5.Yes. Student initiatives have tackled climate change, migrant health, and other issues of global and national relevance.6.Overall, medical students worldwide have been playing an

22、 active role in implementing the recommendations of the Global Commission mainly by developing their own outcome-based core curricula and launching an international forum which brings together students of medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions, among other initiatives.Unit 3 Heal

23、th-care system KeysText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1.Compliance；2.disparity；3.prescribe；4.maneuver；monplace；6.underserved；7.reconcile；8.fragments；9.plight；10.invasive.Translate the following passage/sentence into English.1.Many other

24、 Americans are denied insurance due to previous illnesses or conditions that insurance companies decide are too risky or expensive to cover.2.Health care reform will reduce our deficit by more than $100 billion over the next decade and more than $1 trillion in the decade after that. So this isnt rad

25、ical reform. But it is major reform.3.An estimated eighty-three percent of people under age sixty-five who are in the United States legally now have insurance coverage. 4.This year the law will start closing what is known as the doughnut hole. That is a lack of Medicare coverage for some drug costs

26、for older Americans. 5.President Obama promised senior citizens that the health care reform will not cut their guaranteed benefits.Text BAnswer the following questions according to text B you have read.14（略）5. The SARS epidemic and rising public discontent generated the political will to fundamental

27、ly reform the system, including a partial resumption of central management of public-health services and a major reallocation of central resources to address inequities in health. The outcome of these post-SARS reforms remains uncertain, but there are reasons for optimism.(a) Central funding is supp

28、orting the re-introduction of a New Cooperative Medical System in rural areas and a parallel programme for the uninsured in urban areas that plans to achieve universal coverage by 2020. (b) China can accomplish in health care reform. The exemplary national monitoring system for infectious diseases i

29、mplemented after the SARS epidemic (which provides real-time reports of cases across the country) and the effective public-health response to the earthquake in Sichuan are examples 6. The most important task ahead is to focus attention and resources on improving the quality, comprehensiveness, and c

30、ost-effectiveness of services.Unit 4 Cancer and LifeKeysText ALanguage FocusFill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.1.Eradication2.Deterioration3.Withstand4.Overwhelm5.Recurrent6.Prove7.Outburst8.DivergeVocabulary Enlargement& Reinforcement1.Routine2.Advanced3.

31、Chronic4.Under siege5.Physical &emotional6.Malignant7.Risk factor8.Steady decline9.Affluent10.Admit11.Severely weaken12.Well up with13.Recurrence14.Undergo15.Outlines16.Gastrointestinal17.Withstand18.Chores19.The unexpected public arising of 20.Spasms21.Chronicle22.Flicker acrossTranslate the follow

32、ing sentences into Chinese.1.奥唐奈女士一个月前的例行乳房X光检查并没有显示出肿瘤的迹象。但在夏威夷为期两周的假期里，肿块迅速生长，因此她回印第安纳州后就马上去看医生。2.1995年2月奥唐奈女士开始化疗，做了两次手术，包括乳房切除，并于1995年8月完成化疗。她现在被认为是治愈了。3.当夫妻二人有人对奥唐奈女士的治疗感到恐惧害怕时，他们会向对方要求一段时间不谈癌症，可能持续一小时或一天，在此期间，他们同意谈话不涉及她的健康危机。4.他们意识到夫妇两人共同的路突然分开了。他们经历同样的事情，但却有了完全不同的感受。5.但他发现，他的信仰不仅是宗教信仰，也包括对婚姻能承受长期压力的信念正受到考验。6.他们夫妻所经历的困难被公诸于众，甚至仅是在她朋友圈中公开，但这不期意的公开，令奥唐奈女士感到震惊。Text BAnswer the following questi