压力管道检验的相关问题的分析.docx

1、压力管道检验的相关问题的分析压力管道检验的相关问题的分析论文关键词:压力管道 破坏形式 检验技术Paper keywords: destroy pressure pipeline inspection technology论文摘要:压力管道是指那些在生产和生活中使用的输送可能引起燃烧、爆炸或中毒等危险性介质的承压管道,如输送原油、燃气、蒸汽、各类工艺物料、有毒有害气体等介质的管道。压力管道是在一定温度和压力下,用于输送流体介质,且具有爆炸危险性的特种设备。因此,应加强压力管道检验技术研究。本文分析了压力管道检验的相关问题。Abstract: pressure pipeline are thos

2、e used in the production and life of transport may cause burning, explosion or poisoning risk such as the medium pressure pipe, such as transport oil, gas, steam, all kinds of craft materials, poisonous and harmful gas medium in the pipeline. Pressure pipeline is under a certain temperature and pres

3、sure, used for conveying fluid, and the explosion risk of special equipment. Therefore, we should strengthen the pressure pipeline inspection technology research. This paper analyzes the related questions of pressure pipeline inspection.压力管道是在一定温度和压力下,用于运输流体介质的特种设备,广泛应用于石油化工、冶金、电力等行业生产及城市燃气和供热系统等公众生

4、活之中。随着工业生产的发展和城市燃气及热力管网的普及,各类管道的数量不断增加,特别是输送可燃气、易爆性及对人体和环境有害性介质的压力管道数量逐年递增,这也使发生事故的可能性增大。作为五种物流运输方式之一的压力管道,其安全运行与生产生活关系极为密切,保证压力管道的安全运行意义十分重大。因此,应加强压力管道检验技术研究,确保压力管道的安全运行。Pressure pipeline is under a certain temperature and pressure, used to transport fluid medium of special equipment, widely used i

5、n petroleum chemical industry, metallurgy, electric power production and city gas and heating system such as the public life. With the development of industrial production and city gas and heating power pipe network popularization, the increasing of quantity of all kinds of pipe, especially for conv

6、eying gas, explosive and hazardous and environment to the human body medium pressure pipe number increasing year by year, this also increased the possibility of accidents. For the pressure pipe is one of the five kinds of logistics mode of transportation, its safe operation had close relations with

7、production and living, guarantee the significant importance to the safe operation of pressure piping. Therefore, we should strengthen the pressure pipeline inspection technology research, to ensure safe operation of the pressure piping.1 压力管道检验技术研究1 study of pressure pipeline inspection technology压力

8、管道的运行维护与检验,对于确保压力管道的安全运行,至关重要。但目前,对于压力管道的运行维护与检验问题,法规与标准并不完善,这与以前我国压力管道条块分割的管理体系有关。The operation of the pressure pipeline maintenance and inspection, to ensure the safety of pressure pipeline running, is crucial. But for now, to the problem of the operation of the pressure pipeline maintenance and i

9、nspection regulations and standards are not perfect, it has to do with our fragmented management of pressure pipeline system before.压力管道检验具有不完全同于锅炉和压力容器的技术与方法。其原因在于压力管道具有如下特点:(1)种类多,数量大,设计、制造、安装、应用管理环节多;(2)长细比大,跨越空间大,边界条件复杂;(3)现场安装工作量大;(4)材料应用种类多,选用复杂;(5)管道及其元件生产厂家规模较小,产品质量保证较差,事故分析发现,占30%40%;(6)长输管

10、道与燃气管道基本上为埋地敷设,热力管道为管沟敷设。针对上述压力管道特点,完全仿照锅炉压力容器的检测手段,工作量相当庞大,管道使用单位的负担也会很重。Pressure pipeline inspection is not completely the same as the boiler and pressure vessel technology and method. The reason for this is that pressure pipeline has the following characteristics: (1) variety, quantity, design, m

11、anufacture, installation, application management links; (2) the larger slenderness ratio, span space is large, complicated boundary conditions; (3) the site installation work; (4) materials variety, choose complex; (5) piping and components manufacturers on a smaller scale, product quality is poorer

12、, accident analysis, found that 30% 40%; (6) long-distance pipeline and basically for buried gas pipeline is the heat pipe for pipeline laying. According to the characteristics of the pressure piping completely imitate the boiler pressure vessel testing means, large workload, pipe unit using the bur

13、den will be heavy.如何实现工业管道不搭脚手架、不拆保温层的在线检测,是对量多面广的工业管道实行定期检验的关键,需引进并研究国外先进的检测手段与设备。英国TWI公司提出的Long range ultrasonic method是以Guided-Ultrasonic Wave技术为基础,可对不能进入的管段,如穿、跨越以及空架管道进行在线检测,无需搭脚手架与拆保温层。同时,应加快工业管道的安全评定技术向工程实用方向的转变,使科研成果能尽快转变为检验与评定规范。How to realize the industrial pipe scaffolding, on-line detect

14、ion of thermal insulation layer, as is the amount of polyhedral widely implement a regular certificate inspection of key industrial piping, to introduce and study the foreign advanced detection means and equipment. TWI British companys Long range ultrasonic method is Guided ultrasonic Wave technolog

15、y as the foundation, can not enter the section, such as wear, spanning pipelines for online detection and empty, without scaffolding with insulation layer. At the same time, should speed up the industrial pipeline safety evaluation technology to engineering practical direction, make scientific resea

16、rch achievements transformation for test and evaluation standard as soon as possible.长输管道与燃气管道,基本上为埋地敷设,要想全面开挖检测,难度相当大,也得不偿失。目前,现有检验检测单位的检验方法千差万别,水平参差不齐,不利于国际化的竞争以及检验技术的进步。因此,开展埋地管道的地面检测技术研究与开发,使之标准化,很必要,而我国开展管道检验工作的历史不长。目前,埋地管道地面检测技术主要是按照物探原理,利用电磁法进行检测,其检测精度有限,受干扰比较明显,特别是人口稠密的城市埋地管道,因为管道分布较密集,各种电磁信

17、号的干扰很大。因此,有必要研究埋地管道防腐涂层缺陷与现有检测仪器的检测参数间的对应关系,如电流衰减率与涂层缺陷大小的关系等。对于穿越管段,可采用TWI公司Long range ultrasonic method。同时,宜开展新的检测方法研究,如将雷达信号无损检测技术、微波信号无损检测技术、声发射无损检测技术等纳入埋地管道地面检测仪器的开发研究领域。Long-distance pipeline and gas pipeline, is buried, basically want to full excavation detection, considerable difficulty, and

18、 do more harm than good. At present, the existing test detection unit test methods differ in thousands ways, different levels, is not conducive to international competition and inspection technology. Therefore, to carry out the ground of the buried pipeline detection technology research and developm

19、ent, so that standardization is very necessary, carry out the work of pipeline inspection and our country history is not long. At present, the technology of the buried pipeline surface test is mainly according to the principle of geophysical prospecting, using electromagnetic detection, its detectio

20、n precision is limited, the obvious interference, especially in densely populated cities of buried pipes, because piping distribution is more dense, various electromagnetic signal interference is very big. Therefore, it is necessary to study buried pipeline anticorrosion coating defects with the exi

21、sting corresponding relation between detection parameters of testing instruments, such as the current attenuation relationship with the size of coating defects, etc. Can be used for cross section, the TWI company Long range ultrasonic method. At the same time, appropriate to launch a new detection m

22、ethod research, such as the radar signals nondestructive testing technology, microwave nondestructive testing technology, ae non-destructive testing technology and so on into the buried pipe ground testing instrument of development research.在埋地管道检验评价方面,应加强对检验结果的评价研究。当前埋地管道检验队伍对于检验结果的评价工作重视程度有限,原因可能在

23、于经费问题。天津大学开发了1套埋地管道防腐系统的综合评价技术软件,主要采用了四指标法,即腐蚀电流密度、管地自然电位、管道防腐层技术状况以及阴极保护的有效性,但没有对管道本身的性能进行综合评价,如管道材料适用性、剩余寿命、剩余强度以及风险因子等。由前所述,只有对管道本身性能进行评价,才能使管道使用单位对管道性能有全面的了解,也才有利于有关职能部门的安全监察。In terms of buried pipeline inspection, should strengthen the assessment of test results. The buried pipeline inspection

24、team for value evaluation of test results is limited, the reason may be that money problems. Tianjin university developed a set of buried pipeline corrosion protection system of the comprehensive evaluation of software technology, mainly adopted four indexes, namely, corrosion current density, tube

25、to sp, pipe coating technology condition and the effectiveness of the cathodic protection, but there is no comprehensive evaluation on the performance of the pipeline itself, such as pipeline material suitability, residual life and residual strength as well as the risk factors and so on. By the ment

26、ioned before, only to evaluate the performance of the pipeline itself, to make the pipe unit using has a comprehensive understanding of the performance of pipeline, also conducive to the relevant functional departments of safety supervision.2 加强压力管道检验整治工作2 strengthen the pressure pipeline inspection

27、 regulation对于压力管道检验,要突出重点,优先安排高压、有毒、易燃、易爆、强腐蚀性介质管道的定期检验工作。同时,针对不同管道的特点和实际情况,要采取切实有效的措施。压力管道定期检验工作要特别注重落实使用单位的责任,充分发挥企业检验机构的积极性,努力提高压力管道定期检验覆盖率。For pressure pipeline inspection, to highlight a key, give priority to arrangement of high pressure, toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive medium pipeline i

28、nspection on a regular basis. At the same time, according to the characteristics of the different pipe and the actual situation, to take effective measures. Pressure pipeline inspection work regularly to put special emphasis on implementation of the responsibility of units used, the inspection organ

29、izations give full play to the enterprises enthusiasm, efforts to improve the pressure pipeline inspection coverage on a regular basis.工业管道的检验要按照在用工业管道定期检验规程(试行)的规定,由核准的检验机构实施全面检验,使用单位进行在线检验,并将从事在线检验的人员统一纳入特种设备作业人员管理。经核准的具有压力容器检验资格的企业自检机构,只要具备2名以上持证的压力管道检验人员,即可试开展工业管道定期检验工作,并及时办理压力管道检验资格增项手续。对一些危险性较

30、小的工业管道,制定基于合乎使用原则的缺陷处理规定,各地质量技术监督部门可以因地制宜,对上述管道的定期检验和缺陷处理提出试行意见,先行试点工作。Industrial pipeline inspection in accordance with the industrial pipeline inspection procedures on a regular basis is used in (trial), approved by the inspection agency to implement a comprehensive inspection, on-line inspection

31、unit using, and the personnel engaged in on-line inspection into special equipment operating personnel management. Approved with pressure vessel inspection qualification self-check mechanism of enterprise, as long as more than two certified pressure pipeline inspection personnel, to try to carry out

32、 the industrial pipeline inspection regularly, and the pressure pipeline inspection qualification extension formalities in time. For some less dangerous industrial piping, regulations for disposal defects was founded on the principle of right of use, all localities departments of quality and technic

33、al supervision can adjust measures to local conditions, regular inspection and defect processing of the pipeline for opinions, first pilot work.长输(油气)管道的检验应当在开展普查工作的基础上,按照天然气管道检验规程(Q/SY93-2004)等有关安全技术规范、标准的要求开展。经核准的检验检测机构实施专业性检验和管道内腐蚀检测,使用单位进行一般性检验,从事一般性检验的人员统一纳入特种设备作业人员管理。Length () of oil and gas pipeli