牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结.docx

1、牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结重点句型1.“So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的,“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句,则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。例如Hes tired,and so am I.(=I m also tired.You can swim,and so can I.(=I can also swim.She has had supper,and so can I.(=Ive had lunch,too.Tom speaks Englis

2、h,and so does his sister.(=His sister speaks English,too.A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I.(=I also went to the park yesterday.2.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序,so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实,语气较强,意思是“确实如此”。例如 A:It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B:So it was.的确如此。(=Yes,it was.

3、A:You seem to like sports.B:So I do.(=Yes,I do.A:It will be fine tomorrow.B:So it will.(=Yes ,it will.3.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事,以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I han ded inmy composition on time. 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。4.So i

4、t is with或 It is the same with句型表示“(的情况也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时,要表示相同情况,必须使用本句型,不能使用so 引起的倒装句。She doesnt play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.5、There you are. 行了,好。这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如:There you are! Then lets have some coffee.除此之外,还可以表示“瞧,对吧(果然如此”的语气。例如:There you are

5、! I knew we should find it at last.对吧!我就知道我们最终能找到的。6、have some difficulty (in doing sth.干某事有困难;接名词时,常用句型:have some difficulty with sth.Do you have any difficulty (in understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗?She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。7、have a good knowledge of sth.“掌握”,

6、“对有某种程度的了解”He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。A good knowledge of languages is always useful.8、Tree after tree went own, cut down by the water, which must have been three metres dee p.一棵又一棵的树被水冲倒、冲断。那水肯定有三米深。“must have + 过去分词”表示对已发生事情的猜测。在英语中,must,may,can三个情态动词可用来表示对事情的猜测。Must意为“肯定”,语气很有把握;m

7、ay意为“可能”、“也许”,语气把握性不大。两者常用在肯定句中。Can意为“肯定”、“也许”,常用在否定句或疑问句中。Must,may,can三者用于表示猜测时,其后面可跟三种不同的动词形式:1跟动词原形表示对现在事情的猜测;2跟be doing表示对正在发生事情的猜测;3跟have done表示对已经发生的事情的猜测。例如:Helen is Lucys good friend. She must know Lucys e-mail.海伦是露茜的好朋友。她肯定知道露茜的电子邮件。We can hear loud voices in the meeting room. They must be

8、quarrelling.我们可以听到会议室很吵。他们肯定在吵架。I met Jeff at the gate a moment ago. He cant have gone to Australia.我刚才还在大门口见过杰夫。他不可能去了澳大利亚。9、Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生,很有趣。fun “好玩,趣事”,不可数名词,前面不加不定冠词a。Youre sure to have some fun at the party

9、 tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。make fun of“取笑”,“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such astrange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。funny adj. “可笑的,滑稽的”。He looks very funny in his fathers jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服,看上去很滑稽。10、Many people who saw the film were afraid to swim in the sea许多看过这部电影的人都不敢在海里游。af

10、raid 用法说明:1害怕人/ 物,如:be afraid of sb / sth2不敢做某事,如:be afraid to do sth / of doing sthHe is afraid to go out / of going out alone at night.3 担心会发生某事, 如: be afraid of doing sth或be afraid + that clauseHe seldom stands on the river bank because he is afraid of falling into the river.He seldom stands on t

11、he river bank because he is afraid that he might fall into theriv er.4 给人不愉快的信息或不赞同某人意见时, 用Im afraid ,如:Im afraid Ive got bad news for you.Im afraid I cant agree with you.11、It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型,其中to finish eating everything 是主语,it是形

12、式主语。12、I wish you all the best.我祝你万事如意.用wish来表示祝愿的结构是wish sb sth, 此外我们还可以用may来表示祝愿: May sb do sth如:May you succeed.13、Where there is a river, there is a city. 有河流的地方就有城市。Where在这里引导的是地点状语从句,相当于介词in/ at/ to + the place + where从句9定语从句,意思是“在地方”。例如:Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪;事出有因。He lives

13、where the climate is mild.他住在气候温暖的地方。14、Strong, proud, and united, the people of St Petersburg are the modern heroes of Russia .圣彼得堡人民坚强不屈、充满自豪、团结一致,他们是俄罗斯当代的英雄。Strong, proud, and united为前置定语,在这里相当于一个非限制性定语从句:The people of St Petersburg , who are strong, proud, and united, are the modern he roesof R

14、ussia . 当主语比较短时,这类短语常常放在句首。15. Congratulations!是一句祝贺用语,在使用时要用复数形式。其他几个通常以复数形式出现表达特定含义的名词有:manners(礼貌:He is a little boy with good manners.这个小男孩很有礼貌。regards (问候:Please send my regards to your parents.请代我问候你父母。16. Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games .没四年,世界

15、各地的运动员们都要参加奥运会。“every + 基数词 + 时间/ 距离单位”词表示“每多少时间/ 距离”。如:every five days(每五天, every three hours(每三小时, every ten metres(每十公尺类似表达形式还有:every fifth day, every third hour“每隔一天”的表达形式有:every second day, every two days, every other day.17、Modern cellphones are more than just phonesthey are used as cameras an

16、d radios, an dto send e-mail or surf the Internet.现代的手机不仅仅是电话机它们也当坐照相机和收音机使用,还可以发送电子邮件和上网。use A as B 把A用作B。例如:In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.在古代,人们把石头用作耕作的工具。use sth to do sth用某物来做某事。例如:In ancient times, people used stones to kill animals for food.在古代,人们用石头来捕杀动物获取食物。18、The

17、 answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.答案似乎是:无论我们在何处或正在做什么,我们都需要和朋友以及家人一直保持联系。1 seem 似乎,好像,其用法及搭配有:seem + adj., 如:This problem seems complicated, but actually it is simple.这个问题看似复杂,其实很简单。seem to do : I seem to have

18、 seen him somewhere before.我好像以前在哪儿见过他。It seems that,; It seems that everything is going on well.好像一切正常。It seems as if,: It seems as if its going to rain.看来快要下雨了。2 no matter无论,不管,后面常跟疑问词引导的从句,其意相当于疑问词后加ever。如 no matter what=whatever; no matter where=wherever; no matter how=however; no m atter when=w

19、henever例如:No matter when (Whenever I meet him, he is always wearing that old hat.不管我什么时候遇见他,他总是戴着那顶旧礼帽。No matter how (However expensive the cellphone is, Ill buy it because I need one badly.无论这手机有多贵,我都要买。因为我急需有个手机。重点语法:直接引语和间接引语1. 直接引语在改为间接引语时,时态需要做相应的调整。eg: “I broke your CD player.” (一般过去时改成过去完成时He

20、 told me he had broken my CD player.Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”(现在完成时改成过去完成时Jenny said she had lost a book.Mum said, “Ill go to see a friend.”(一般将来时改成过去将来时Mum said she would go to see a friend.过去完成时保留原有的时态He said, “We hadnt finished our homework.” He said they hadnt finished their hom ework.注意

21、直接引语是客观真理,过去进行时,时态不变。2.在直接引语变间接引语时,如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰,从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如:Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”=Mary said her brother was and engineer.3.直接引语如果是反意疑问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether 或if引导的宾语从句。如:He said, “Can you run, Mike?”=He asked Mike whether/if he could run.4. 直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引

22、语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等 sb (not to do sth.”句型。如:“Pass me the water, please.”said he.。=He asked him to pass her the water.5. 直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“s uggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如:She said, “Lets go to the cinema.”=She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.

23、现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作,谓语通常为瞬间动词。如:come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。(1用现在进行时表示将来,指的是近期的,按计划或安排要发生的动作。(2现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于:前者通常用瞬间动词(有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如:do如:go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。He is reading a novel.他在看小说。The train is arriving

24、 soon.火车就要进站了。(3用现在进行时表示将来的时间,在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。(4现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于:前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的,而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情,因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么?The plane takes off at 7:30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。定语从句(the Attributive Clause1. 描述特定时间的特征 - 由when或介词+which引导定语从句:This was t

25、he moment when / at which Spielbergs career really took off.2. 描述特定地点的特征 - 由where或介词+which引导定语从句:Chuck survives the air crash and lands on a deserted island where / on which there are no people.3. 描述特定原因或理由的内容 - 由why或介词+which引导定语从句:The reason why / for which Steven Spielberg could not go to the Film

26、 Academy was that his grades were too low.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,归纳起来,二者有以下几点不同:一、作用不同限制性定语从句与先行词的关系非常密切,是先行词不可缺少的定语,它所修饰的词代表一个(些或一类特定的人或物如果删去,全句的意思就会变得不明确。而非限制性定语从句在意义上是先行词的一个附加修饰语,对先行词只起进一步补充说明的作用;若把它去掉,全句意思仍然清楚。例如:The girl who stood in the corner just now is my younger sister.刚才

27、站在角落里的那个姑娘是我的妹妹。Mary Smith,who is in the corner, wants to meet you.玛丽史密斯在那个角落里,她想见你。第一个例句中的定语从句指明作为主语的“姑娘”不是任何一个,而是在角落的那个。如果去掉定语从句,表达的意思就不明确。第二个例句已经表明主语是谁,定语从句只不过是补充说明一点情况而已。若去掉从句,句子意思仍然完整。二、形式不同非限制性定语从句与先行词之间通常有逗号而限制性定语从句与先行词之间则无逗号。例如:Hes the man who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。(从句不可少,从句前无逗号。His wi

28、fe,whom you met at my house,is a teacher.他的妻子是一位老师,你在我家曾见过她。(从句可有可无,从句前有逗号。三、含义不同限制性定语从句有涉他性;非限制性定语从句有唯一性。例如:In the class there are ten students who speak English very well.这个班上有十名英语说得好的学生。(暗示班上不只是十个学生。In the class there are ten students,who speak English very well.这个班上有十名学生,他们英语说得很好。(非限制性定语从句,表明班上只

29、有十个学生。四、译法不同在把限制性定语从句译成汉语时,通常在从句的末尾加“的”字,放在它所修饰名词的前边。而在把非限制性定语从句译成汉语时,一般译成一个单独的句子。请看下面例句:The film that we saw yesterday was very interesting.我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。Beijing,which is the capital of China,is a very beautiful city.北京是中国的首都,它是一座非常美丽的城市。限定性定语从句1、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般

30、放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who ( 宾格whom,所有格whose和关系副词where, when,关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间,起联系作用,同时又作定语从句的一个成份。The man who lives next to us sells vegetables. 住在我的隔壁的人是卖菜的。在该句中the man 是先行词,who 是关系代词,引导定语从句who lives next to us.在定语从句中,who 作主语。2、由关系代词who, whom, which, that引导的限定性定语从句。1如果先行词是人,则用关系代词w

31、ho/that; 如果先行词是物,则用关系代词which/that。The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000.无家可归的人多达25万。It sounded like a train that was going under my house.它听起来就像是在我的房子下行驶的一列火车。2关系代词who, whom, which, that既起联系作用,引导定语从句,使之同它句中的某个名词/代词发生关系,同时又充当定语从句的一个成份。(如作从句中的主语或宾语。当它们在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略。The boy(who/whom/thatwe saw yesterday was Johns brother.我们昨天见到的那个男孩是约翰的兄弟。The car (which/thatmy uncle just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.我叔叔刚买的那辆汽车在地震上毁坏了。说明:关系代词whom用来指人,是宾格,常用在书面语中作定语从句的宾语。在口语和非正式文体中,常用who/that来代替whom或省略,如例句4。3当关系代词that或which修饰事物,