非谓语动词讲解.docx

1、非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词之杨若古兰创作非谓语动词:1动词不定式 2动名词 3分词( 此刻分词；过去分词)概述：在句子中担任谓语的动词：是动词的特殊方式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分.它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不克不及充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，而且有时态和语态的变更.非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，曾经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有此外动词出现时.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, butleft her handbag on her sea

2、t.动词不定式一动词不定式的时态和自动方式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词本相构成.不定式的方式有五种：1 普通式to do 例如：I like to read English.2 进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.3 完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.4 自动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.5 完成自动式to have been done例如：Th

3、e boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前.To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：经常使用it做方式主语，将to do放在位于以后，使句子坚持平衡.句型1：It + 谓语 + to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus.句型2：Its + n. + to do Its our duty _to_ help t

4、he poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.句型3： It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是描述事物的性质的 ）It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是描述人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party. It is very kind of you to

5、give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here(1)罕见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend, refuse, plan, afford, wi

6、sh等They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _( be ) a professor.(2)it作方式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.We thought _ better _ start early. 2.Do you consider _ b

7、etter not _ go?3. I feel _ my duty _ change all that. 4.We think _ important _ _ obey the law.5.I know _ impossible _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover, He taught us how to use the tool. No one cou

8、ld tell me where to get the book.I havent decided whether to go or stay. 以下词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义分歧的动词：stop to do 停上去去做 stop doing 停止做forget to do 健忘要做 forget doing 健忘做过remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing

9、 继续做（同一件事）mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做1 In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ _ for another hour.A waiting B to waiting C wait D to be waiting2 Boys, dont forget _ _ the windows before you leave the classroom.A. closingB. closedC. to closingD. to close3 She reached the top of the hill and

10、stopped _ _ on a big rock.A.to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest4 Remember _ _ the lights when you leave the office.A.to turn offB. turning offC. turn offD. to turning off(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 以后接不带to的不定式I have no choice but _to wait_.（wait）“前有do,后无to”I cant do anything but _go

11、_ (go )out with her.1. Ill get someone _ _ repair the recorder for you. 2. What caused him _ _ change his mind? advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish , want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do留意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen

12、to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变成自动语态后，必须带to.如：They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也能够不带to.I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.He is of

13、ten heard _(sing) the song. Though he often made his deskmate _(cry), today he was made _(cry) by his deskmate.IV作定语 I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)1) 不定式与它所润色的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today?2) 不定式用来说明所润色词的内容 I have no chance to go there.3) 被润色词是不定式的逻辑主语 She is always the last to l

14、eave the room.4) 不定式为不及物动词且和所润色的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词 1.The house is not big enough for us all_ _.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in2. Would you please pass me the knife _ _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruit C. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fruit with3.I have something im

15、portant to say. Please find a piece of paper to write on （写上）4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write with （写） 不定式作状语可以暗示目的、缘由、结果.I came here to see youWe were very excited to hear the newsHe hurried to the school to find nobody there. 对比To learn English well, he needs a

16、good dictionary.To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.To get there in time, he told me to get up early.不定式的自动方式暗示自动意义I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 动名词一. 动名词的基本构成：动词+ing.具有动词和

17、名词的性质.自动语态自动语态普通式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been doneNo one likes being laughed at.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.二.动名词的用法Smoking does great harm to peoples health.（作主语） My job is looking after children.（作表语）I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语） We have got a swi

18、mming pool in our school.（做定语）留意：以下动词后只能用动名词：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.He finished reading the novel in two days.I am considering going there by bicycle.I suggested putting off the meeting till nex

19、t Wednesday.I am sorry to miss catching the first bus.以下词组后只能用动名词：be/get used to ,cant help/stop, cant stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to, have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off,pay attention to, insist on等等.e.g.He has been used to living I the city after so many yea

20、rs have passed.I dont like going to see the film now.She sat there without _ (speak)I look forward to_ (see) him again.Are you used to _ (live) there alone?When my father heard the news, he couldnt help _ _ (laugh).I dont feel like _ _ (go) to see the film. He was busy _ _ (prepare) his lessons自动表自动

21、（1）主语+be(well) worth+doing 某事很值得一做（2）主语+need/want/require + doing 某事须要被做=主语 + need/want/require to be doneThe TV program is well worth watching.The bike needs repairing immediately.=The bike needs to be repaired immediately. The room wants _ _ (clean). The method needs _ _ (improve). This pair of sh

22、oes require _ _ (mend). The problem needs_ (work out). The question is well worth _ _ (discuss)动名词的复合结构动名词前可以加一个 物主代词或 名词所有格来暗示 这个动名词逻辑上的主语 ，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语Nixons visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.分词1、分

23、词的构成 此刻分词 普通时：暗示和谓语动词的动作同时发生.分词 完成时：暗示在谓语动词之前发生的动作. 过去分词：暗示自动的或已完成的动作.e.g.Hearing the news, we all jumped with joy.Having studied in the university for 4 years, he knows the place very well.Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Gang finally gave up smoking.He always has his hair cut every three

24、weeks.（一）分词的感化 此刻分词暗示：自动，动作正在进行.过去分词暗示：自动，动作曾经完成.1作定语Do you know the boy standing at the gate?Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？2作表语We are excited at the news.The news he told us is exciting.3作宾语补足语I heard him singing a song in the classroom.We found the ground covered with snow.4作状语While lyi

25、ng in bed, he listened to some music.Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有本人的主语.此刻分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:此刻分词表自动进行，过去分词表自动完成1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks bea

26、utiful.2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldnt help crying.(When they heard the bad news)3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better.(If they had been given more attention)4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)T

27、heycame into the classroom,singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)To servethe people well,I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)（二）分词的时态此刻分词分普通式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态方式的变更.此刻分词的普通式暗示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生.例如：Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.此刻分词的完成时

28、，暗示的动作发生在谓语动词暗示的动作之前,经常使用作状语.例如：Having finished his homework, he went to bed.（三）此刻分词的自动式自动普通式 being done 自动完成式 having been doneThis is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city. Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machine.（四）分词的否定方式分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：Not having heard t

29、he news. I wrote to him again.Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.（五）分词独立主格结构当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语分歧时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语感化.例如：Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.The meeting being over, they all left the room.Given more time, we

30、could do it better.The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.由There being +主语这类结构多暗示缘由.例如：There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.由于有很多书要读，他经常进修到深夜.with + 复合宾语结构（1）with + 名词 / 代词 + 描述

31、词Dont speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名词 / 代词 + 副词The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.（3）with + 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.（4）with + 名词 / 代词 + -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.（5）with + 名词 / 代词 + 不定式With five minutes to