考研英语345.docx

1、考研英语345考研英语-345(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Section Use of English(总题数：1，分数：10.00)It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (1) about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (2) is their purpose merely to make convers

2、ation. The old persons recollections of the past help to (3) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (4) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (5) to the future, the individual mentions his past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (6) living. (7) , the m

3、emories form part of a continuing life (8) , in which the person (9) the events and experiences of the-years gone by and (10) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (11) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reality of their own impending deat

4、h. (12) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (13) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (14) .As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (15) to think about it and certainly not to talk about it (16) the presence of som

5、eone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (17) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to bean important reason for our reluctance to (18) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (19) our control; it is almost the only one of the natural processes (20) is so.（分数

6、：10.00）A.better thanB.rather thanC.less thanD.other than解析：解析 语义衔接题。从上下文文意可知，文章是在谈论老年人喜欢回忆过去，而不是讨论未来，故B rather than正确。rather than为并列连词，可以连接形容词、动词、名词、副词、不定式等，其意为“而不是”。A better than“比好”；C less than“比少”；Dother than意为“不同于，除了”；这三项均与上下文在语义上构不成衔接。A.soB.evenC.norD.hardly解析：解析 结构衔接题。首先根据本句中前半部分为否定句可以判断，选项也应表

7、达否定意义，与前面的 not结构照应，所以答案应选C。nor引导否定句，与not构成not.nor.句型，意为“既不也不”，且句子倒装。Aso引导肯定句，例如：Ive got an enormous amount of work to do. So have I.；Beven是副词，意为“即使，甚至”；Dhardly意为“几乎不”，虽然也表示否定，但与not形不成结构照应。点拨 平时学习中注意掌握一固定句型，如not/neither.nor, no sooner.than, hardly.when, either.or等。A.preserveB.conserveC.resumeD.assume

8、解析：解析 语义衔接题。所填词与identity搭配，“身份、地位”需要保留，所以选Apreserve“保留，收藏”，强调“使之完好无损或质量不变”。Bconserve“保存，保藏，保重”，强调“珍惜，节约使用”，通过保存或节约来达到持久的效果，一般与 energy, health，resources等搭配，例如：conserve natural resources“保护自然资源”；C resume意为“停顿后又重新开始”；Dassume意为“假设，采取”。点拨 对于近义词的辨析，主要应该从搭配上区分，如本题中preserve与identity搭配合理，而conserve 与identity则

9、不搭配。A.performingB.playingC.undertakingD.lacking解析：解析 语义衔接题。从上下文语义分析，identity.fragile，既然身份已经岌岌可危，那么他们自然是不再受人尊敬，所以应选lacking与role搭配，意为“不再扮演这种角色”。APerform a role和B play.role意为“起作用，承担角色”，与上下文语义不符；C undertake意为“承担，担任”，常见的搭配词为undertake responsibility/a task，不与role搭配。A.orientationB.implicationC.successionD.

10、presentation解析：解析 语义衔接题。此处需一个名词与 to the future搭配，故选项Aorientation 正确。orientation意为“方向”，常与介词to/towards搭配，在此表示未来的方向。Bimplication“含意，暗示”、Csuccession“连续，接替”、Dpresentation“赠送，递交，提出”均不能与 the future构成语义上的衔接。点拨 succession意为“连续；一连串，一系列”，通常以短语a succession of “一连串的，一系列的”以及in succession“连续”形式出现。其中in succession 常

11、用在句尾。A.worthyB.worthC.worthlessD.worthwhile解析：解析 惯用衔接题。常用固定结构he worth+名词/doing意为“值得”，此处的名词往往是钱数或相当于代价的比喻性名词，例如：Its worth the time and effort we devoted to it。另外，worth后面的动名词总是用主动形式表达被动意义，例如：It is worth considering.，因此选项B符合题意。Aworthy意为“值得”，be worthy of+名词/to do，例如：It is worthy of the name。Cworthless意为

12、“无价值的”，与句意不符；Dworthwhile意为“值得的”，作表语或定语，例如：It was a worthwhile attempt even though it failed to achieve its aim.点拨 以worth为词根的几个词容易造成混淆。应记住以下几个常用形式：be worth doing; be worthy of.A.In a wordB.In briefC.In additionD.In particular解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。文章前一句说回忆有助于老年人保留住他们的身份，后一句说回忆成为了老年人不断回顾的生活的一部分，根据上下逻辑关系推断此处需填表示递

13、进的短语 In addition“另外”，故答案为C。 AIn a word意为“总而言之，一句话”、B In brief意为“简言之”，均属于总结陈词；DIn particular意为“特别地”，无法在文意上对文章起衔接作用。点拨 in addition 相当于besides,意为“除之外还有”。以 in 开头的短语有很多，平时应加记忆。A.prospectB.impetusC.impressionD.review解析：解析 语义衔接题。本空前面的memory与本空形成语义场共现关系。既然是记忆，肯定是发生过的事情，那么也就是life review“生活回顾”，故答案为D。Aprospect

14、意为“展望，前景”，指事情发生的可能性，前景只能展望，不能是回忆，所以排除；Bimpetus意为“动力，推动力”、Cimpression意为“印象”，与文章语义不能衔接。A.integratesB.incorporatesC.includesD.interacts解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据原文，老年人的生活回顾是指把过去发生的事件和他们的经历综合起来，故选项Aintegrates正确。integrate意为“把集成，使完整；综合”，常与介词with，into连用。如：to integrate theory with practice“理论与实践相结合”。Bincorporates意为“合并，

15、结合(成一体)”；Cincludes意为“包含 (作为其中的一部分)”；Dinteracts意为“与交往/沟通”。A.reckonsB.countsC.reflectsD.conceives解析：解析 语义衔接题。所选词要与on搭配，故首先排除Dconceive“构想出”，相当于imagine或invent， conceive与of搭配，不与on搭配。其他三项与on搭配，意思分别为A reckons(on)意为“指望，盼望”、B counts(on)意为“指望”、Creflects(on/upon)意为“回想，反思”。此处需一个动词与下文的the overall meaning of.life

16、搭配，因此只有“思考生命的意义”才能使上下文意思通顺，故选C。点拨 关于reckon 的短语还有：reckon in “把计算在内”；reckon up“结算，估计”；reckon with“处理，考虑到”。A.keepsB.drawsC.inclinesD.tends解析：解析 惯用衔接题。文章要表达的是“生命即将结束”的意思，draw to a close意为“接近结束”，因此B符合语义。其他选项虽均可搭配to，但语义上构不成衔接关系。keep(to)意为“遵守诺言，坚持”；incline (to sth./to do)意为“倾向于”；tend(to sth./to do)意为“照料，倾向

17、于”。A.ThereforeB.AndC.YetD.Otherwise解析：解析 逻辑衔接题。从文章的下文来看，此句表示语气转折，前一句讲面对即将死亡的现实，下一句讲这种任务(坦然面对死亡)并不容易做到，因此选项CYet符合逻辑。ATherefore“因此”，表因果关系；B And表并列关系；DOtherwise“否则，不然”，表示前面提到的条件不被满足的情况下会发生的结果。A.tabooB.disputeC.contemptD.neglect解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据文章意思，对于老年人来说，谈论死亡是一个禁忌，故选Ataboos“禁忌，忌讳”。Bdispute“争端”；Ccontempt

18、“蔑视”；Dneglect“疏忽，不留心”。本空所需要填入的是一个具有形容词词性的词语，由此也可以判断，后三项不符合题意。点拨 taboo既可以作名词“禁忌，忌讳”讲，又可以作形容词“禁忌的”多指约定俗成的不可行或不可公开谈论的话题，也可以指法律禁止的不可行的事。A.notoriousB.indecentC.obscureD.desperate解析：解析 语义衔接题。根据上下文，上句说死亡是忌讳的话题，因此，本处所填词应与“谈论禁忌话题”构成语义衔接。indecent意为“不成体统的，不体面的”，谈论禁忌话题(包括死亡)在各种文化中一般都会被看作是不成体统的，故选B。Anotorious意为“

19、臭名昭著的，声名狼藉的”，有点过于夸大事实；C obscure意为“晦涩的；偏僻的，模糊的”，不符合语义；Ddesperate意为“绝望的，拼命的，极度的”，与A一样，有点过于夸张。A.readyB.willingC.liableD.reluctant解析：解析 语义衔接题。本题要选择一个合适的形容词作表语，来描述人们对谈论死亡的态度。在本空前面，文章提到，find the topic frightening，既然是令人恐惧的，人们自然不情愿去想它。Dreluctant意为“勉强的，不情愿的”，符合文意。其他三选项虽然都可与to连用，但不符合句意：Aready“乐意的”；Bwilling“愿意

20、的”；Cliable“有倾向的”。A.atB.onC.withD.in解析：解析 惯用衔接题。本句要表达的意思是：当然更不会在垂死的人面前谈论它。in the presence of意为“当着的面，在在场的情况下”，为固定搭配，所以选D。A.statusB.circumstanceC.environmentD.priority解析：解析 语义衔接题。所填词作achieve的宾语，符合这一搭配的选项只有Astatus“地位”，说明在现代工业社会里死亡才取得了这一地位。Bcircumstance指“某事件或动作发生时的情况”，一般用复数，常以以下短语形式出现：under/in such circu

21、mstances“在这种情况下”；Cenvironment意为“环境(总称)”，强调环绕着某一特定的人或物，同时往往着重对该人/物的影响，例如：He grew up in an environment of poverty；Dpriority意为“优先权”，可搭配的动词为take, get。A.encounterB.confrontC.tolerateD.expose解析：解析 语义衔接题。从语义上分析，首先排除选项Ctolerate“容忍”，“忍受谈论死亡的话题”与文章的主题“人们不愿谈论死亡的话题”相悖。其他三个选项都有“遇见，遭遇”的意思。其中Dexpose通常用被动语态be expos

22、ed to“暴露于”，可以排除；选项Aencounter意为“邂逅，遭遇(危险、麻烦、反对等)”；Bconfront意为“面对困境/人”，尤其强调“困境”，且人们又不得不面对。从文意来看，死亡是一个人们不愿触及的但又是不可避免的话题，因此Bconfront更契合文意。点拨 confront侧重指不得不面对某人或者不得不处理某难题，也可以指与某人对质。A.underB.aboveC.beyondD.within解析：解析 语义、惯用衔接题。首先根据文意和常识可以判断，A和D明显不符合语义，因为死亡是不在人们控制范围之内的；再根据惯用法，可以确定答案为Cbeyond。beyond意为“超出(范围、

23、可能性)；非(能力等)可及”，偏重于客观事物非本身能力所能达到或完成，beyond control意为“在控制范围之外”。Babove与 control一般不连用，故排除。点拨 beyond多为介词，意为“超越，超出；在之外”；作副词时，意为“在更远处”；偶尔也作名词，意为“远处”。A.whichB.whatC.asD.that解析：解析 结构衔接题。此处缺一个引导定语从句的关系代词，因为句中先行词natural processes有the only修饰，故Dthat。正确。二、Section Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0

24、，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Placing a human being behind the wheel of an automobile often has the same curious effect as cutting certain fibres in the brain.The result in either case is more primitive behaviour. Hostile feelings are apt to be expressed in an aggressive way.The same man who will

25、 step aside for a stranger at a doorway will, when behind the wheel, risk an accident trying to beat another motorist through an intersection. The importance of emotional factors in automobile accidents is gaining recognition. Doctors and other scientists have concluded that the highway death toll r

26、esembles an epidemic and should be investigated as such.Dr. Ross A. McFarland, Associate Professor of Industrial Hygiene at the Harvard University School of Public Health, said that accidents “now constitute a greater threat to the safety of large segments of the population than diseases do. ”Accide

27、nts are the leading cause of death between the ages of 1 and 35. About one third of all accidental deaths and one seventh of all accidental injuries are caused by motor vehicles.Based on the present rate of vehicle registration, unless the accident rate is cut in half, one of every 10 persons in the

28、 country will be killed or injured in a traffic accident in the next 15 years.Research to find the underlying causes of accidents and to develop ways to detect drivers who are apt to cause them is being conducted at universities and medical centres. Here are some of their findings so far:A man drive

29、s as he lives. If he is often in trouble with collection agencies, the courts, and police, chances are he will have repeated automobile accidents. Accident repeaters usually are egocentric, exhibitionistic, resentful of authority, impulsive, and lacking in social responsibility. As group, they can b

30、e classified as borderline psychopathic personalities, according to Dr. McFarland.The suspicion, however, that accident repeaters could be detected in advance by screening out persons with more hostile impulses is false. A study at the University of Colorado showed that there were just as many overl

31、y hostile persons among those who had no accidents as among those with repeated accidents.Psychologists currently are studying Denver high school pupils to test the validity of this concept. They are making psychological evaluations of the pupils to see whether subsequent driving records will bear out their thesis.（分数：10.00）(1).The author believes that, behind the