四级听力技巧.docx

1、四级听力技巧四级听力理解短对话应试技巧（一）七种问题类型 短对话一般是男士说一句，女士说一句，然后根据他们的对话内容由第三方提出一个问题。题目均以问句形式出现，其中多数是特殊疑问句，即what, who, where, why, how, when等引导的问句。1. 以What为提问词引导的问句1) 问“什么含义”，常用的提问方式有：What does the man/woman mean/imply?What does the woman/man suggest?What does the woman say about.2) 问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”。例如：What can we

2、 learn from the conversation?What can we learn/know about the man/woman?What do we know from the womans reply?What can be inferred about.3) 问“做什么”，常用的表达方式包括:What will the man most probably do?What was the woman probably trying to do?What are the speakers going to do?What does the man promise to do?4

3、) 问“建议做什么”，常用的提问方式有：What does the woman/man suggest (doing)?What does the woman advise the man to do?5) 问“关系是什么”，通常用What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers？来提问。6) 问“在讨论什么”，一般用What are they talking about?来提问。7) 问“对某人或某事有什么看法”。例如：What does the man/woman think of somebody/someth

4、ing?注意：有时也用How does the man feel about.进行提问。2. 以Where为提问词引导的问句主要问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”，常用的提问方式主要有：Where does this conversation most probably take place？Where does this conversation most likely occur？Where are the man and the woman？3. 以When/What time为提问词引导的问句主要是问时间，通常在四级考试中，考查考生在较短时间内判断和计算时间的能力。4. 以Why为提问词

5、引导的问句通常是提问“为什么”。5. 以Who为提问词引导的问句可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及其他人的情况。例如:Who is the man/woman? Who is the man mentioned in the dialogue?6. 以How为提问词引导的问句主要问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具。例如:How did the teacher usually begin his class?How does the man usually go to work?7. 以How many/much等为提问词引导的问句属于涉及数字的题，可能有以下几种形式：Ho

6、w many people.?How much does.?How old is.?How long does it take.to.?五种常见常考题型 1. 地点题与去向题地点题是就对话发生的地点、谈话人所在地或对话中提及另外一个人所在地以及事件发生地进行提问的题型。去向题是就对话中谈话人的去向或对话中所提及的另一人的去向进行的提问。四级听力理解短对话应试技巧（二）【例1】W: May I see your ticket, please? I think you are sitting in my seat.M: Oh, youre right. My seat is in the balc

7、ony. Im terribly sorry.Q: Where does the conversation most probably take place?A) On a train. B) On a plane.C) In a theater. D) In a restaurant. (2008.6.12)【解析】 C)。此题属于间接场景题。对话中谈及可以判断出发生地点的关键词：ticket(票), seat(座位), balcony(戏院的楼厅、包厢)，由此可以推测地点在剧院。2. 态度题态度题通常分为暗示型和直接型两种。暗示型对话指对话双方在表达意思时的方式比较含蓄，并不直接道出其真正

8、意义。这类对话试题要求考生根据对话中的关键词、语气、语调、重音等暗示，推测对话人的意图、态度或要求等。【例2】W: Have you seen the movie The Departed? The plot is so complicated that I really got lost.M: Yeah. I felt the same. But after I saw it a second time, I could put all the pieces together.Q: How did the two speakers find the movie?A) Extremely te

9、dious. B) Hard to understand.C) Lacking a good plot. D) Not worth seeing twice. (2008.6.16)【解析】 B)。对话中女士表示电影的情节很复杂，看不懂。男士表示同意，并说在看第二遍之后才将片段串联起来。因此推断这部电影很难理解。直接型对话指题中对话的一方或双方围绕某个话题谈到多个细节，然后就其中某一细节提问。考生只需要记住细节出现的先后顺序以及与这些细节有关的因素(如选择项的表现形式)，而不需要推理判断。3. 原因与结果题原因与结果题和其他题型所不同的是，听音前较难通过卷面线索判断出所属类型，要想判断出正确答

10、案就更困难了。但是题型判断对于捕捉关键信息非常重要，考生应通过平时大量的训练和细致的分析争取尽快地抓住一些蛛丝马迹，做出准确判断。4. 职业与身份题该类题型的命题特点是所需信息不在对话中表明，要求考生能够根据对话提供的信息正确判断说话者之间的关系及其职业或身份。5. 细节事实题在四级听力考试中，最令考生头疼的莫过于各种各样的细节题。该类题是针对对话所涉及的事件、对话所发生的情景及谈话内容存在的背景等设计的考题。其设问通常由what, why, how等引出。例如: What are the two speakers discussing? What does the man/woman say

11、 about.? What can you learn from the conversation?等。【例3】M: I just received an e-mail from one of my former classmates. I was surprised. I hadnt heard from him for ages. W: Well, Ive been out of touch with most of my old friends, only one or two still drop me a line occasionally. Q: What does the wom

12、an mean? A) Only true friendship can last long.B) Letter writing is going out of style. C) She keeps in regular touch with her classmates. D) She has lost contact with most of her old friends. （2008.12.1）【解析】 D)。本题属于细节辨认题，重点在于对女士所说的话的理解。女士说自己已经与大多数老朋友失去了联系，只有一两个朋友偶尔会给她写信，故可知D)正确。Brevity is the soul

13、of wit.言以简洁为贵。六级听力理解命题研究及对策（一）短对话命题的基本解题技巧及基本问题类型 听力应试技巧综述听力理解部分是六级考试的必考题型，而且在考试中占相当大的比重，然而此部分又是考生容易失分的部分，因此，我们为广大考生总结了听力考试的应试技巧：1. 充分合理地利用时间听力理解的录音内容与时间安排大致如下:(1) 从试音、宣布考试开始至小段乐曲结束约为1分钟。(2) 从“College English Test, Band Six, Part I Listening Comprehension, Section A, Directions” 起至短对话结束约为6分钟；然后迅速进入长

14、对话,约为6分钟。(3) 从“Section B, Directions”至短文理解结束约为10分钟。(4) 从“Section C, Directions”至复合式听写结束约为7分钟。考生应对考试中出现的四种题型及各个题型的Directions了然于胸,应充分利用各部分录音播放Directions的时间,迅速浏览该部分试题,并快速做出合理的推测。为节省时间,要采取先易后难的原则。根据各部分指令所占时间的不同,进行合理的分配。各部分指令所用的时间如下:对话:55秒。该部分包括8道短对话试题和7道长对话试题,要想在55秒内做出合理推测，时间略显不足。应该利用试音的1分钟快速浏览长对话的选项。短文

15、理解:35秒。对于三篇短文共10个问题的推测时间略显不足。复合式听写:55秒。做该部分题目时，应该迅速通读全文,领会其主要意思,同时集中注意力推测前7个空。此外,还要高效利用各题之间的间隙（约为15秒）,做完一题后,马上准备下一题。2. 尽量排除干扰因素,调整好心态,既要谨慎,也要有自信心在很多的试题中,个别单词没有听懂往往并不影响对该题的理解,因此在应试中不必强求听懂每一个单词。当然,没有听懂关键词而影响答题的情况也是有的,此时不要硬想该题的解答,而是应该放过,以免影响后面的答题。短对话基本解题技巧1. 提前阅读选项并进行推理判断的基本策略由于六级考试级别和水平都较高,题型设计严格遵循测试要

16、求,其要求之一就是选择题的四个选项在难度、长度和相关方面要一致。对我们有用的主要信息是以下三点:（1） 四个选项都多少与话题有关,由此判断话题；（2） 根据四个选项的形式判断所提问题的类型和内容；（3） 根据四个选项的相似程度推测正确答案。 事实上,大多数试题均有线索可寻,甚至有的试题可直接推测出答案,对于无法推测出答案的试题大多也能猜出可能的提问。不易推测出答案的试题其选择项一般都只是句子的一个部分。例如:数字、非限定动词词组、名词等。对于这类试题要尽可能猜出其提问方式。【例1】 A) Long exposure to the sun. B) Lack of sleep.C) Too tig

17、ht a hat. D) Long working hours.【听前预测】 这四个选项,长时间的日晒、睡眠不足、帽子过紧、工作时间过长都有可能导致人的身体不适,因此我们可以大胆猜测,说话人之一感觉不舒服,对方可能询问原因(the reason, why, what is the cause.)。【听力原文】M: My headaches are terrible. Maybe I need more sleep.W: Actually, you need less sun and some aspirin. It would help if you wear a hat.Q: What is

18、 the cause of the mans headache, according to the woman?【答案剖析】 A)。本题的陷阱较多,男士自己认为他可能是因为睡眠不足,考生容易受到误导,选择B),而实际上题目问的是女士认为这位男士头疼的原因,根据less sun可以判断出答案应为A)。2. 根据信息词判断地点和说话人的身份、职业、关系等【例2】 A) Manager and employee. B) Salesman and customer.C) Guide and tourist. D) Professor and student.【听前预测】 很明显，这四个选项给出的信息是

19、关系问题(relationship between the speakers)。【听力原文】W: Sorry, I did not come yesterday, because I had a temperature. Could you tell me the requirement for my term paper?M: The theme of your paper can be about business management or touring resources in China, and the length of the paper should be no less

20、than fifteen pages.Q: What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?【答案剖析】 D)。根据term paper学期论文一词我们可以做出选择,这是教授和学生的关系。3. 注意记笔记,将人物、地点、时间等对号入座这种方法很重要，短对话中往往涉及多个数字、地点、时间等,而我们又不确定实际会考查哪一个,甚至有时需要我们快速地计算,因此,做笔记有利于找出正确的答案。【例3】 A)12. B)14. C)24. D)30.【听前预测】 这种数字题,通常需要判断、计算,直接听到的信息一般不是正确答案。【

21、听力原文】M: Operator, Id like to make a call to Paris, please. How much will it cost?W: 10 for the first three minutes and 2 for each additional minute.Q: How much will a ten-minute call cost?【答案剖析】 C)。本题涉及4个数字,如果能迅速记录下来,通过计算10+（10-3）2就会很容易得出答案为C)24。短对话基本问题类型1. 按问题涉及类型分类(1) 问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等。例如: Wha

22、t does the woman want for lunch? What are they talking about? What kind of books does the man want to borrow?(2) 问“做什么”。例如: What does the woman suggest the man do? What are the speakers doing now?(3) 问“什么含义”。例如: What does the man mean/imply? What does the womans answer suggest? (4) 问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”

23、。例如: What can we learn from the conversation? What can be concluded from this conversation?(5) 问“对某人或某事有什么看法”。例如： What does the man think of Miss Brown? What does the woman think of the plan?(6) 问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”。例如： Where does this talk most probably take place? Where does this conversation most lik

24、ely occur?(7) 问“时间”。例如：When did the game finally start? When will the winter vacation begin?(8) 问“原因或目的”。例如： Why is the man late? Why did the man repair the car by himself?(9) 问“对话某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及的其他人的情况”。例如：Who is the man?What is the most probable relationship between the two speakers?(10) 问“做

25、事的方式或某人的感受”。例如：How did the teacher usually begin his class?How do they like the film?(11) 问“数字、年龄”等。例如： How many persons.? How old is.? 偶尔也有个别一般疑问句，但也可能出现其他类型的问句(如以Whom, Whose, Which提问),或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。2. 按对话内容分类(1) 时间类:包括直接型和计算型。例如： W: Your library books are due on December 13. If you have not fini

26、shed using them by then, you may renew them once. M: Thank you very much. I only need them for a few days. Q: When must the man return his books to the library? （直接型）(2) 数字类:包括直接型和计算型。例如： W: Do you live in a college dormitory? M: Yes, I do. Its a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live

27、 there. Q: How many people share the suite now? （直接型）(3) 地点类:包括直接型和含蓄型。例如： M: I need to cash this check. W: Will you step right over to the tellers window, please? Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?(含蓄型）(4) 否定类:此类对话既可以含有not, no, neither, nor等否定词,也有but, although等转折词,或由would rat

28、her, too.to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此,对这些关键词后面的内容要特别加以注意。例如： M: To collect data for my report, I need to talk to someone who knows that small city very well. I was told that you lived there for quite a long time.W: Oh, I wish I could help, but I was only a child then.Q: What does the woman imply?(5) 人物类:包括人物关系、人

29、物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人物关系或身份。例如：M: Good evening, Madam. There is a table for two over there. This way, please.W: Thank you. Could I see the menu, please?Q: Whats the relationship between the man and the woman? (6) 活动类:这一类谈话内容涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种情况。例如：W: Jerry, can you pick me up after work today? I

30、 left my car at the garage.M: Im afraid I cant. I have scheduled an appointment with a client at dinner time. Q: What is the man going to do?短对话命题的常考场景及词汇 (1)六级考试的对话场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的,如校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所等。考生既要熟悉各种场景,还要了解这些场景下的常用语和常见表达,这对解题很有帮助。不仅要知道这些常用词汇和短语的意思,还要知道他们的同义表达方式,因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。而掌握这

31、些场景下选项的特点和提问方式,必然有助于选择正确的答案。以下场景是对话中所占比例较大的:1. 与饮食相关包括外出就餐、在饭店找座位、点菜、谈论食物及减肥等相关话题。【例4】 W: Your wife told me that you eat out four or five times a week, I really envy you!M: Dont envy me! Its for business. In fact, Im sick and tired of restaurant food! Sometimes, I just prefer a home-cooked meal.Q: Why does the man say he often eats out?A) Its less time-consuming. B) His wife is tired of cooking.C) Its part o