全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案.docx

1、全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题及答案2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that plants have some degree of consciousness first took root in the early 2000s; the te

2、rm plant neurobiology was _1_ around the notion that some aspects of plan behavior could be _2_ to intelligence in animals. _3_ plants lack brains, the firing of electrical signals in their stems and leaves nonetheless triggered responses that _4_ consciousness, researchers previously reported.But s

3、uch an idea is untrue, according to a new opinion article. Plant biology is complex and fascinating, but it _5_ so greatly from that of animals that so-called _6_ of plants intelligence is inconclusive, the authors wrote.Beginning in 2006, some scientists have _7_ that plants possess neuron-like cel

4、ls that interact with hormones and neurotransmitters, _8_ a plant nervous system, _9_ to that in animals, said lead study author Lincoln Taiz, They _10_ claimed that plants have brain-like command centers at their root tips.This _11_ makes sense if yon simplify the workings of a complex brain, _12_

5、it to an array of electrical pulses; cells in plants also communicate through electrical signals. _13_, the signaling in a plant is only _14_ similar to the firing in a complex animal brain, which is more than a mass of cells that communicate by electricity. Taiz said.For consciousness to evolve, a

6、brain with a threshold _15_ of complexity and capacity is required, he _16_. Since plants dont have nervous systems, the _17_ that they have consciousness are effectively zero.And whats so great about consciousness, anyway? Plants cant run away from _18_,so investing energy in a body system which _1

7、9_ a threat and can feel pain would be a very _20_ evolutionary strategy, according to the article.1. A coined B discovered C collected D issued2. A attributed B directed C compared D confined3. A Unless B When C Once D Though4. A coped with B consisted of C hinted at D extended to5. A suffers B ben

8、efits C develops D differs6. A acceptance B evidence C cultivation D creation7. A doubted B denied C argued D requested8. A adapting B forming C repairing D testing9. A analogous B essential C suitable D sensitive10. A just B ever C still D even11. A restriction B experiment C perspective D demand12

9、. A attaching B reducing C returning D exposing13. A However B Moreover C Therefore D Otherwise14. A temporarily B literally C superficially D imaginarily15. A list B level C label D local16. A recalled B agreed C questioned D added17. A chances B risks C excuses D assumptions18. A danger B failure

10、C warning D control19. A represents B includes C reveals D recognizes20. A humble B poor C practical D easySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Te

11、xt 1People often complain that plastics are too durable. Water bottles, shopping bags, and other trash litter the planet, from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench, because plastics are everywhere and dont break down easily. But some plastic materials change over time. They crack and fizzle. They wee

12、p out additives. They melt into sludge. All of which creates huge headaches for institutions, such as museums, trying to preserve culturally important objects. The variety of plastic objects at risk is dizzying: early radios, avant-garde sculptures, celluloid animation sills from Disney films, the f

13、irst artificial heart.Certain artifacts are especially vulnerable because some pioneers in plastic art didnt always know how to mix ingredients properly, says Thea van Oosten, a polymer chemist who, until retiring a few years ago, worked for decades at the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands

14、. Its like baking a cake: If you dont have exact amounts, it goes wrong. she says. The object you make is already a time bomb.And sometimes, its not the artists fault. In the 1960s, the Italian artist Picro Gilardi began to create hundreds of bright, colorful foam pieces. Those pieces included small

15、 beds of roses and other items as well as a few dozen nature carpetslarge rectangles decorated with foam pumpkins, cabbages, and watermelons. He wanted viewers to walk around on the carpetswhich meant they had to be durable.Unfortunately, the polyurethane foam he used is inherently unstable. Its esp

16、ecially vulnerable to light damage, and by the mid-1990s, Gilardis pumpkins, roses, and other figures were silting and crumbling. Museums locked some of them away in the dark.So van Oosten and her colleagues worked to preserve Gilardis sculptures. They infused some with stabilizing and consolidating

17、 chemicals. Van Oosten calls those chemicals sunscreens because their goal was to prevent further light damage and rebuild worn polymer fibers. She is proud that several sculptures have even gone on display again, albeit sometimes beneath protective cases.Despite success stories like van Oostens, pr

18、eservation of plastics will likely get harder. Old objects continue to deteriorate. Worse, biodegradable plastics designed to disintegrate, are increasingly common.And more is at stake here than individual objects. Joana Lia Ferreira, an assistant professor of conservation and restoration at the NOV

19、A School of Science and Technology, notes that archaeologists first defined the great material ages of human historyStone Age, Iron Age, and so onafter examining artifacts in museums. We now live in an age of plastic, she says, and what we decide to collect today, what we decide to preserve. will ha

20、ve a strong impact on how in the future well be seen.21. According to Paragraph 1, museums are faced with difficulties in _.A maintaining their plastic itemsB obtaining durable plastic artifactsC handling outdated plastic exhibitsD classifying their plastic collections22. Van Oosten believes that ce

21、rtain plastic objects are _.A immune to decayB improperly shapedC inherently flawedD complex in structure23. Museums stopped exhibiting some of Gilardis artworks to _.A keep them from hurting visitorsB duplicate them for future displayC have their ingredients analyzedD prevent them from further dama

22、ge24. The author thinks that preservation of plastics is _.A costlyB unworthyC unpopularD challenging25. In Frreiras opinion, preservation of plastic artifacts _.A will inspire future scientific researchB has profound historical significanceC will help us separate the material agesD has an impact on

23、 todays cultural lifeText 2As the latest crop of students pen their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose and value of a degree has changed and what Generation Z need to consider as they start the third stage of their educa

24、tional journey.Millennials were told that if you did well in school, got a decent degree, you would be set up for life. But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 per cent of graduat

25、es in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that o

26、ther options are available.Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who

27、often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pa

28、ys to have specific knowledge or skills. Postgraduates now earn 40 per cent more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their c

29、areer to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfillment and desire for diversity, will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just kn

30、owledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Zs career trajectory.Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: I am a geographer or I am a classist. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; its as if they already know that their degre

31、e wont define them in the same way.26. The author suggests that Generation Z should _.A be careful in choosing a collegeB be diligent at each educational stageC reassess the necessity of college educationD postpone their undergraduate application27. The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect _.A Millennials opinions about workB the shrinking value of a degreeC public discontent with educationD the desired route of social mobility2