1、天津专用201X高考英语二轮增分策略 专题一 语法知识 第12讲 介词与介词短语优选习题第12讲介词与介词短语1.Chinas soft power grows the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.(2018江苏,33)A.in line with B.in reply toC.in return for D.in honour of答案A解析句意为:中国的软实力在增长,这与中国在全球范围内得到越来越多的欣赏和理解是一致的。in line with意为“与一致”,符合语境。in reply to回复,答
2、复;in return for作为对的回报;in honour of为了向表示尊敬。2.Bob thought he couldnt go to the party because he had to write a report,but he went .(2018天津,11)A.at first B.after allC.above all D.at random答案B解析句意为:鲍勃以为他不能去参加聚会了,因为他得写一份报告,但他最终还是去了。after all意为“毕竟,最终,终究”,符合语境,故选B。at first起初,最初;above all首先,最重要的是;at random任
3、意地,漫无目的地。3.Good morning,Mr Lees office.Good morning.Id like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.(2018北京,14)A.for B.on C.in D.at答案A解析“make an appointment for时间”表示“约某个时间见面或对某个时间做出预约安排”。本句中的make an appointment for next Wednesday afternoon的意思是“约定下周三下午见面”。此题很容易误选B项,表示具体的某一天的上午、下午、晚上时,前面的介词用on
4、,但是B项表示“在某个时间做或者发生某件具体的事情”。句意为:早上好,这里是李先生的办公室。早上好。我想约下周三下午(和李先生)见个面。4.Determining where we are our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017江苏,32)A.in contrast to B.in defense ofC.in face of D.in relation to答案D解析句意为:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知,这里用in relation to“相对某事物而
5、言”。in contrast to与相比;in defense of保卫,为辩护;in face of面对。5.When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017天津,12)A.among B.againstC.behind D.below答案A解析句意为:当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时,你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在当中,为所围绕,符合语境。against以为背景,衬托;behind在后面;be
6、low在下面。6.We offer an excellent education to our students. ,we expect students to work hard.(2017天津,13)A.On average B.At bestC.In return D.After all答案C解析句意为:我们向学生提供优质的教育,同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬,作为回报,符合语境。on average平均来看;at best充其量,至多;after all毕竟,终究。7.Many people who live along the coast make a livin
7、g fishing industry.(2017北京,35)A.at B.inC.on D.by答案B解析句意为:很多住在海边的人们靠渔业为生。“在行业”用介词in。此题容易忽视fishing后的名词industry,以为是靠捕鱼这种方式而错选D项。8.The dictionary is :many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016天津,2)A.out of control B.out of dateC.out of sight D.out of reach答案B解析考查“out of名词”型介
8、词短语辨析。句意为:这部词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时,符合语境。out of control失控;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着。9.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around Thomas Edison.(2015江苏,34)A.thanks to B.regardless ofC.aside from D.but for答案D解析句意为:如果没有托马斯爱迪生的话,我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏,由于;re
9、gardless of不管,不顾;aside from除了,除以外;but for要不是,如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。诊断报告考向对应题号我的薄弱环节1常见介词的用法3,5,72介词短语辨析1,2,4,6,8,9解题方法1.汉语对照法在高考试题中,考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的,这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词,这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。2.固定短语法关于介词的固定搭配,在解答试题时,要注意从句子中找出中心词汇,也就是这个词和选项中的词能够构成一个固定搭配,符合句子意思,这样问题就会很快被解决。如第7题。3.利用置入法解决介词短语的相关题目关于介词短语的相关题目,一般采用将介
10、词短语置入句子,并进行逐一翻译的方法。解决此类题目的关键就是平时多积累相关知识,然后读懂题干的含义。考点1语境词义辨析1.The study suggests that the cultures we grow up influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.(2016浙江,7)A.on B.in C.at D.about答案B解析句意为:该项研究表明,我们成长的文化环境会影响我们看我们周围的世界的基本过程。in the cultures在的文化中,为固定搭配,故选B。2.Have you ever he
11、ard of the trees that are homes animals both on land and sea?(2015浙江,3)A.about B.to C.with D.over答案B解析句意为:你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗?be home to为固定搭配,意为“是的栖息地,是的家园”。考点归纳常用介词如in,on,for,with,against,of,beyond,out of,across等含义较多,应全面掌握。(1)against有“违背,违逆;反对;对不利;倚;靠;碰撞;预防;衬托”之意。An agreement seems to be impossible b
12、ecause the majority of the mittee members are against it.看来意见达成一致是不可能了,因为大多数委员会成员都反对。(2)beyond可表示“范围,限度”,意为“超出,为所不及”。常用短语:beyond words/description/imagination/belief/ones reach/ones control “无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression
13、 in words for me.被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人,我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。(3)by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”,还可作“按;以计;依据”讲。As far as I know,workers are generally paid by the month.据我所知,工人们的工资通常按月来付。(4)for有“就而言;从来看;达,计;为”之意。The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。(5)off有“在离不远处;在沿海的海面”之意。The W
14、ell Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。(6)across有“横跨”之意。It can run across water for a distance of several meters,avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the waters surface with its feet.它可以在水面上跑数米的距离,通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。(7)on/upon有“刚就;一就
15、”之意,后接名词或动词-ing形式。Upon hearing the funny story,everyone burst into laughter.一听到这个滑稽的故事,大家都哈哈大笑起来。(8)over可表示时间,意为“在期间;直到结束”。Im sorry I didnt phone you,but Ive been very busy over the past couple of weeks.很抱歉我没有给您打电话,但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。考点2介词短语辨析1.That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help. ,hes reliable.(2016浙江,6)A.Or else B.In shortC.By the way D.For one thing答案B解析句意为:那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作,总是在你需
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