高考语法考点一轮复习讲义 专题15 特殊句式精讲深剖解析版.docx

1、高考语法考点一轮复习讲义 专题15 特殊句式精讲深剖解析版专题15 特殊句式精讲深剖 一单项选择1.（2019天津高考）The professor warned tie students that on no account _ use mobile phones in his class.A. should they B. they shouldC. dare they D. they dare【答案】A【解析】考 查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare

2、do，根据句意表示”应该“，故选A。2. （2018北京高考）In any unsafe situation，simply the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.Apress Bto pressCpressing Dpressed【答案】A【解析】考 查祈使句。句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。3. （2018天津高考）It was only when the car pulled up in fro

3、nt of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere【答案】选B。【解析】考 查强调句式。去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only状语从句”，因此选B。【方法点拨】 当题干中出现“it is/was .that .”句式时，考生应首先判断这个句子是不是强调句。判断的方法就是去掉强调句的外壳it is/was和that，如果去掉之后整个句子语法结构是完整的，那么这就是一个强调

4、句式，否则就不是。二单句语法填空1(2018全国卷改编)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too _ its top crop【答案】has【解析】该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时，用“so助动词主语”表示“某人也”。助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。三单句改错1.（2019全国II卷）They were two reasons for the decision. 【答案】they改为there【解析】考 查there be句型。句意：有两个原因可以解释这个决定。句中的they在前边句中找不到指代关系，且后边句子中的one与the other是

5、对这两个原因的解释。故将they改为there。知识梳理特殊句式比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用也是高考考 查的重点项目。近三年的高考题更加注重考 查知识之间的交叉现象，如在考 查强调句的同时考 查定语从句，把省略、强调句与时间状语从句、地点状语从句的考 查等融合在一起，考 查考生综合把握语言知识的能力。完全倒装1.常常指时间,地点的副词及方位的副词和介词短语here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, now, then位于句首。At the foot of t

6、he hill lies a beautiful lake./ Away flew the bird.注意： a. 代词作主语时，主谓不倒装Here he comes.b. 此结构不用于进行时态。2.表语提前: 形容词/过去分词/现在分词/介词短语Included among the presents is an ipad that his father gave him.Sitting on the rock is a girl who wants to commit suicide.部分倒装一般包括：a. 某些否定词位于句首时，如：rarely, scarcely, nowhere, no

7、 morehardly/scarcely/barelywhen; no sooner than; not onlybut also; so/ nor/ neither;not untilb. only +副词、介词短语、状语从句位于句首作状语时.c. 在so/suchthat 结构中so+adj/adv/such+n等位于句首时So fashionable are the clothes she was wearing that she became the focus of attention.Such fashionable clothes was she wearing that she

8、 became the另：Such are the facts: no one can deny.d. 省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，had, were, should提前 注：not /to在原位。e. 用于as(though)引导的让步状语从句 Search as they would/Much as he likes the bike/ Exhausted as she wasf. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子Long live Chairman Mao! May you succeed!Wish you success/successful!2 强调1.It is/was +被强调部分+tha

9、t/who+其它句子成分 此句型的常见考点有：a.还可用It might be/ must have been/ can it bethat 等句式。It might have been John that bought a new book for Mary .b.It was not untilthat 昨天直到半夜我才上床睡觉。 It was not until midnight that I went to bed.Not until midnight did I go to bed.c.含有特殊疑问词的强调句词序When and where was it that you were

10、born?Ive already forgotten where it was that you put the dictionary.d.强调句中的主谓一致问题It is not help but obstacles that make a man.It is the sales manager, rather than/instead of/not/other than the sales girls, that is to blame.e.与其他从句的比较It was in the small house which/ that was built with stones by his

11、father that he spent his childhood.(which/that)It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty oftime (which/that) he ought to have spent doing his lessons.(which/that)f.强调句的省略-He was nearly drowned once. -When was it?-It was in 1998 when he was in middle school.-Who is making so much noise i

12、n the garden?It is the children.2.do/does/did + 动词原形Do come early. He does/did know Beijing well. 3省略1.状语从句中省略主语的情况：a. 从属连词 + 动词: 不定式、现在分词、过去分词，如：He opened his mouth as if to say something.He looked around as if looking for something.He let out a scream as if bitten by the snake.b. 从属连词 + 非动词： 名词、形容

13、词、副词、介词短语，如：Unless necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.注意：before/after/since 不属此列2. 不定式的省略： He did not give me the chance, though he had promised 如果不定式中含有be, have, have been通常保留-Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be.-He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well, he ought to have.3. 省略了一个

14、从句或从句的一部分，用so或not（切不可用it或that）代替。 (1) - Is he coming back tonight? - I think so. (2)- Is he feeling better today? - Im afraid not.一倒装句的考 查要点1.全部倒装(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。Look，theres that bookshop I was telling you about.(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词如here，there，now，then，up，

15、down，in，away，out等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。There goes the phone.Ill answer it.(3)such作表语置于句首时。Such was Albert Einstein，a simple man but the 20th centurys greatest scientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。“If you die，who will get your money？” asked Holmes.(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。In the center of the sq

16、uare stands a monument.(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had to use foreign oil.2.部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。(1)little，never，not，seldom，neither，nor，hardly，rarely，by no means，at no time，under no circumstances，in no case等

17、表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。Little does he care about what others think.(2)在not.until.，no sooner.than.，scarcely/hardly.when.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.等句式中。Neither does he drink nor smoke.(3)当only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。Only then did I find I had made a mistake.(4)在so/such.that.从句中，当so形容词/副词或such名词位于句首时。So e

18、xhausted was she that she wanted to have a rest.(5)当表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“so/asbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”，表示“也是”。Times have changed and so have I.(6)当neither，nor位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/norbe动词/助动词/情态动词主语”，表示“也不”。They couldnt understand it at that time，and nor could we.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把助动词were，h

19、ad，should提到主语前面。Had it not been for your help，we shouldnt have achieved so much.(8)as和though引导的让步状语从句。Try as she might，Sue couldnt get the door open.(9)“may动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed！【考题印证】(高考天津卷改编)Only when Lily walked into the office _ she realize that she had left the contract at

20、 home.【解析】：句意：只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。本题考 查only位于句首，引导的时间状语从句，主句要主谓倒装。根据时态和句意可知填did。【答案】：did 二强调句的考 查要点1.使用助动词do，does和did对谓语动词进行强调。First impressions really do count.2.运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was被强调部分that/who其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语、表语、同位语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中

21、，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，主句中的谓语动词都要用单数形式It is/was.，同时，that从句中的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble.(2)当对地点状语、时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或how等。It was on August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were opened in Beijing.(3)强

22、调句型的疑问句在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was被强调部分that其他成分”改为“Is/Was it被强调部分that其他成分？”或“疑问词is/was it that其他成分？”结构。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy？When was it that she changed her mind？(4)在对not.until.结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was no

23、t until.that.。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.三省略句的考 查要点1.状语从句中的省略由when，while，if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unles

24、s，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而主语与主句的主语相同时，则从句的主语和be可省略；或从句的主语为it，谓语动词为be时，也可省略从句中的it和be。When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.【考题印证】(高考湖南卷改编)Video games can be a poor influence if _(leave)in the wrong hands.【答案】：left 【解析】：

25、句意：如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中就能够产生一个不良影响。leave与其逻辑主语video games 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。if left是状语从句的省略形式。2.不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。W

26、ill you please look after my house when Im away？Im glad to.Are you a sailor？No.But I used to be.Your work hasnt been handed in，but it ought to have been.3.常考的几个省略形式if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller.than等。【考题印证】The engineer cannot spare any time this afternoon. If _，can we fix the computer by

27、 ourselves?【答案】：so【解析】：句意：今天下午工程师抽不出任何时间。如果是这样的话，我们能自己修理这台电脑吗？ if so如果是这样的话。4.并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。He is going to Hong Kong，but his brother (is going) to America.My room is on the third floor and his，on the fifth.注意事项1.如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me who it was

28、that took his umbrella by mistake.2.强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was.保持一致。It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isnt it？3.强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。It was on the farm where we worked that I got

29、 to know her.4.强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”，原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。It was at 1428 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)It was 1428 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)【考题印证】1.（2015湖南）It was when we were returning home I realized

30、what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.【答案】that【解析】句意:当我们回家的时候,我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉有多好。when we were returning home是一个when引导的时间状语从句,去掉It was和空处,句子成立,说明该句是个强调句型。2.(高考重庆卷改编)Bach died in 1750，but it was not until the early 19th century _ his musical gift was fully recognized.【答案】：that 【解

31、析】：句意：巴赫于1750 年去世，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。it is/was.that.是强调句型，本题被强调部分是时间状语not until the early 19th century。 四、祈使句的重要考点祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！Put the boxes in the small room.