非谓语动词讲解超全超实用.docx

1、非谓语动词讲解超全超实用非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b. v-ing c. 过去分词概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式,在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分非谓语动词使用条件一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.动词不定式一动词不定式的时态和被动形式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式

2、符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1.一般式to do I like to read English.2.进行式to be doing He seemed to be reading something at that time.3.完成式to have done He seemed to have cleaned the room.4.被动式to be done The work is to be done soon.5.完成被动式to have been doneThe boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.疑

3、问词+动词不定式What, who, which, where, when, how, why等疑问词构成不定式短语，这种短语在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语等成分。二. 动词不定式的用法I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。To see is to believe Not to get there in time is your fault.(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语 +(+sb.)+时间/金钱+ to do It takes us an hour _to_ get there by bus. It costs

4、 you only $ 100 a month to cook at home.It seemed impossible to save money.句型2：Its + n. (+ for sb) + to do Its our duty _to_ help the poor.It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the countryside. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.句型3： It is + adj （+ for sb） to

5、 do sth（是形容事物的性质的 ）It is + adj （+ of sb） to do sth（是形容人的品质的 ）It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is very kind of you to give me some help.Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.疑问词+不定式 作主语When to start remains undecided.1. It is easy to get there by bus or taxi.2. It

6、takes about 3 hours to see all the birds.3. It is also impolite to speak with your mouth full when you are eating.4. Its our duty to take good care of the old.5. How long did it take you to finish the work?6. It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.7. When to start has not been

7、 decided.8. It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.9. Its necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.10. It is useful for our health to do morning exercises.II.作宾语 接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.I dont expect to meet you here(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin,

8、 determine, refuse, fail, manage, learn, seem, forget, want, prepare, pretend, plan, wish等They want to get_( get ) on the bus, didnt they? He said he wished _to be ( be ) a professor.(2)it作形式宾语I find/feel to work with him interesting I find/feel it interesting to work with himSubject+ find/think/fee

9、l/make/ consider it+adj/n + to do sth. 1.Wethought_it_better_to_startearly.2.Doyouconsider_it_betternot_to_go?3.Ifeel_it_myduty_to_changeallthat. 4.We think it _ important _ to _ obey the law.5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.(3)疑问词+不定式 作宾语常常放在这些动词的后面作宾语：tell, advise

10、, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explainHe taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.The dictionary didnt tell the Frenchman how to pronounce the word.(4) 作介词but, except, besides的宾语。Cant choose but doCant help but do/have no choice to doDo nothing but

11、doPractice: 1. Would you like to go to Thailand? (would like to do sth.)2. The driver failed to see the other car in time. 3. I think it our duty to obey the laws.4. Do you know how to play football?5. I found it difficult to see him here.6. Here are some ideas about how to find cheap, fun things to

12、 do with your family on weekends.7. Many people like to go to a restaurant.8. I havent decided whether to go or stay. 9. Everyone wants to have a happy weekend.10. She hope Ill advise her which to choose.III.作宾语补足语1. Illgetsomeone_to_repairtherecorderforyou. 2. Whatcausedhim_to_changehismind? v.+ sb

13、.+ to doadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+ sb. to do注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三使），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态

14、后，必须带to。v.+ sb.+ do Lets go to Thailand right now. （let sb. do sth.）They saw the boy fall off the tree. (see sb. do sth.) The boy was seen to fall off the tree.He is often heard to sing (sing) the song.Though he often made his deskmate cry (cry).Today he was made to cry(cry) by his deskmate. (make s

15、b. do sth.)(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him（to）clean the room. help sb. (to) do sth.I helped him (to) find his things. 比较：The professor told the students how to do the experiment .The professor told the students to do the experiment.Practice: 1. No one lets you sit in the office.2.

16、 I want you to know some rules.3. I heard her sing today. She sang wonderful.4. We watched the children play games.5. Do you feel the house shake?6.The boss made the workers work for 12 hours a day. 7. We were made to make ten sentences with these words.8. Im waiting for Tom to give the answer.9. Wo

17、uld you like her sing a song for us?10. Did anyone notice a strange man come into the bank?IV作定语I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)1.被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She is always the last to leave the room.We need someone to help with the work.She is always the first to answer questions.2.不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容 I have no c

18、hance to go there.He made a promise to be a good boy.There is no need to build a dam on the small river. 3. 不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系 Do you have anything to wash today? One of the most interesting places to visit in Singapore is Bird Park.不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词 He bought a cup to drink water with. I ha

19、ve nothing to complain about.He is looking for a room to live in.Practice: 1. Each member can choose a film for the evening to watch together.2. He sat down at a table and waited for someone to take his order.3.Is this the best way to help him?4. Please give me something to drink.5. She has a child

20、to take care of.6. He is not the kind of man to do such things.7. It is already time to begin our class.8. Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech.9. She bought a bookshelf to put her books on.10.You are the only person to be late.V.作状语 不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。I came here to see you(目的)We w

21、ere very excited to hear the news（原因）He hurried to the school to find nobody there. （结果）(1)作目的状语 表示谓语动作的目的，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用 in order to +V. (原形)so as to +V. (原形)但so as to 不用于句首。The student saved much money to buy a new mobile phone.He got up early in order to/so as to catch the f

22、irst bus.= In order to catch the first bus, he got up early.People have learnt the importance of keeping a balanced diet to satisfy (satisfy) their nutritional needs.(2) 作结果状语不定式作结果状语时，多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only.I rushed to the station, only to find the train had alr

23、eady gone.We came home to find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语时，常用于soas to,suchas to, enough to, tooto,only to等结构中。如：She was so late to miss half of the lecture.She is such a good teacher as to be repected by all her students.The house is large enough to hold two hundred people.The hat is too larg

24、e to wear.He walks too slowly to get there on time.(3)作原因状语。 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有: happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, dissapointed等。They were surprised to be informed of the news.She was very happy to hear that her son had been promoted.Practice:1.Im glad

25、to show you around the zoo on such a beautiful day.2. When people are too tired to cook after work, they often get a “takeaway”.3. Tart apples are used to make apple sauce.4. One day he went to a cafeteria to have lunch.5. I am too tired to think of anything now.6.I work hard to pass the exam.7.You

26、couldnt do that to save your life.8. The tea is too hot to drink.9. English is too difficult for me to learn.10. This question is too hard for me to answer. 作表语动词不定式往往放在连系动词be的后面作表语。（1）常说明主语的内容、性质、特征My wish is to become a teacher.Your job today is to clean the playground.To be kind to the enemy is t

27、o be cruel to yourself.My suggestion is to put off the meeting.（2）动词不定式作表语，表示将来They are to marry next week.You are to deliver these flowers before 10疑问词+不定式 作表语The question is where to get the medicine.The difficulty is how to do the most of work with the least of money.Practice1. His dream is to be

28、 a doctor.2. The next step is to turn on the TV.3. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.4. Now my task is to finish the composition.5. The question was how to do the job well.不定式的主动形式表示被动意义I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.Thi

29、s question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry. 动词不定式综合练习1.I want to give up this job but I have to support my family.2. It will be difficult to live like this after they take back the house next July.3. It took me 3 days to learn the English song.4. The passage tells you what to do

30、 in the first few minutes.5. Everyone should know how to call for help in their area.6. The teachers also help them to do these things.7. To be a winner, you need to give all you have and try your best.8. Which of them would you most like to visit?9. I feel it my duty to help others.10. The earth is

31、 better place to live on, but scientists are trying to make the best use of the moon.11. The birthday child wears new clothes to mark the special time.12. A flag is flown outside a window to show that someone who lives in that house is having a birthday.13. The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.14. Something is still to find out.16. How to make requests politely is important.17. You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.