1、参考实用宾语从句讲义初中英语语法宾语从句讲解概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句,可做谓语动词/介词短语的宾语。E.g:Hesaid,“Iamgoodatdrawing”.Hesaidhewasgoodatdrawing.(动词宾语)MissZhangisangryatwhatyousaid.(介词宾语)中考考点:连接词的原则宾语从句的语序宾语从句的时态宾语从句的连接词(1) that引导宾语从句时无意义,无成分,可省略Shesaid(that)shewantedtogothere.(2) whether或if引导的(是否),句尾有ornot时,只能用whetherSheaskedif/whe
2、therIwasinterestedingeography.21GcnjyGcomcnjImnotsurewhetherhewillcomeornot.注意:一般情况下,whether和if可以互用,但有些情况例外a.介词短语后只用whether不用ife.g:Wearetalkingaboutwhetherwellgoonthepanic.b.引导词与动词不定式(todo)或ornot连用时,只用whether.e.g:Icantsaywhetherornothewillcomeontime.c.if当如果讲时,引导的是条件状语从句,表示如果,不能用whether.E.g:Ifyouwant
3、tobeagoodteacher,itwilltaketimes.(3).特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时,不可省略,陈述句语序。特殊疑问词为:What,which,who,whom,whose.when,where,why,how宾语从句语序:陈述语序,主+谓+其他解题技巧;淘汰疑问语序:be/助动词/情态动词+主语Canyoutellmehowoldyouare.注意:有些问句,疑问词就是句子的主语,所以问句本身就是陈述语序,在变成宾语从句时无需发生变化。Whatishappeningoverthere?-Doyouknowwhatishappeningoverthere?Whatswrongwi
4、thyou?Whatisthematter?.宾语从句时态a.主句为一般现在时,从句不受主句的限制,可按需要使用任何时态(主现从任)e.g:Doyouknowif/whetherhehasseenthefilm?【来源:21世纪教育网】ShesayssheisgoingtogotoBeijingneGtweek.Hetellsmethathissistercamebackyesterday.b.当主句是一般过去时,从句用过去的相应某种时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)主过从必过Shedidntknowwhytheboywaslateagain.(一般过去)Tomsaidhe
5、wasreadingabookatthistimeyesterday.(过去进行时)Ididntknowif/whetherhehadseenthefilm.(过去完成)IwonderedwhenshewasgoingtoAmerica.(过去将来)注意:当主句是一般过去时,而从句表示的是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理,格言等,从句仍然要用一般现在时。主任从现E.g:Hesaid(thattheearthmovesroundthesun./thatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.)Theteachertoldus(seeingisbelieving.)巩固练习1.
6、Haveyoudecided_forAustralia?A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleaveC.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave2.Canyoutellme_?A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomliveC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives3.Theoldmanaskedme_.A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema21教育名师原创作品C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema4.Ithink_yo
7、uwilllikehim.A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how5.Ididntknow_hewillcomeornot.A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how21世纪教育网版权所有6.Iwonder_.A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescostC.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost7.Sheaskedme_A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis8.Askhim_.A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupist
8、hisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup9.Idontknow_.A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie21cnjyC.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong_.A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill11.Theweatherforecastdoesntsay_.A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorro
9、wC.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow12.Doyouknow_?A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisisC.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto13.Couldyoutellmewhere_?A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape14.Theywanttoknow_.A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyouC.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
10、15.Tonywantedtoknow_.A.whatFatherChristmashasputinhisstockingB.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingC.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstockingD.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking16.Nooneknows_theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if17.Julydidntknow_.A.
11、whereisTimsfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmadeC.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch18.Noonetoldus_,soweneedyourhelp.A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoitD.whatshouldwedo19.Wedontknow_withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo20.Heaskedme_.A.whetherIfindou
12、tthesenderofthemoneyB.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoneyC.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundoutD.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney能力提高练习1.Idontknow_hewillcometomorrow._hecomes,IlltellyouA.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.that;IfD.if;If2.Idontknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.if
13、hecomesD.whetherhellcome3.Couldyoutellme_thenearesthospitalis?A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where4.Couldyoutellme_theradiowithoutanyhelp?A.howdidherepairB.whatdidherepairC.howherepairedD.whatherepaired5.Iwanttoknow_.A.whoisshelookingafterB.whosheislookingafter21世纪G教育网C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafte
14、r6.Doyouknowwhere_now?A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive7.Doyouknowwhattime_?A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves8.Idontknow_.Canyoutellme,please?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare9.Thesmallchildren
15、dontknow_.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings10.Icantunderstand_.A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmeanC.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans11.Idontknow_hewillbebackhome.A.whoB.whatC.whenD.where12.Couldyoutellme_?A.wheredoyoul
16、iveB.whoyouarewaitingforC.whowereyouwaitingforD.whereyoulivein13.Doyoustillremember_?A.thathesaidB.whathesaidC.didhesaythatD.whatdidhesay14.Icantunderstand_theboyalone.A.whysheleftB.whydidsheleaveC.whyshehadleftD.whyhadsheleft15.Shetoldmethesun_intheeast.A.riseB.roseC.risesD.hadrisen16.Theytriedtofi
17、ndout_thenewtrain_.A.howfar;hadgoneB.howlong;hasgonewww-2-1-cnjy-comC.howfar;wentD.howfar;hadrun17.Themanagercameuptosee_.A.whatwasthematterB.whatthematterwasC.whatthematterisD.Whatsthematter18.Canyoutellme_?A.whatareyoudoingB.wheredoyoustudyC.whatyouweredoingD.whattodoit19.Heaskedhisfather_.A.where
18、ithappensB.wheredidithappenC.howithappenedD.howdidithappen20.Noonetellsus_,soweneedyourhelp.A.howweshoulddoB.whatshouldwedoC.howtodoitD.whattodoit直击中考1.Someofmyfriendsareinterestinginscience,butnoneofthemcantellme_.A.whenUFOswillappearneGttimeB.whydohorsesknowthewayC.wherewasthiskindofplantfoundD.ho
19、wdoelephantscommunicate2.-WhattimewillMr.BrownbebacktoChina?-Sorry.Idontknow_.A.whendidhegoabroadB.whyheisgoingabroad21教育网C.howsoonwillhebebackD.howlonghewillstayabroad3.-MayIcomein?ImsorryIamlate.-Comein,please.Butcouldyoupleasetellme_?A.whyyouarelateagainB.whatwereyoudoingthenC.whoyoutalkedwithD.h
20、owdoyoucometoschool4.-Couldyoupleasetellme_.?-BusNo.32willtakeyourightthere.A.whereisHenanMuseumB.whatHenanMuseumislikeC.howcanIgettoHenanMuseumD.whichbusIshalltaketoHenanMuseum5.PetersaysthattheWhitesareonholiday,butnooneknows_.A.wheretheyhavebeenB.wherearetheyC.wherearetheyfromD.wheretheyhavegone6
21、.-Doyouknow_theCapitalMuseum?-NeGtFriday.【出处:21教育名师】A.whenwilltheyvisitB.whentheywillvisitC.whendidtheyvisitD.whentheyvisited7.Hewantedtoknow_theEnglishparty.A.whenwillwehaveB.whenwewillhaveC.whenwouldwehaveD.whenwewouldhave8.Iwanttoknow_.A.whenweshouldarriveattheairportB.whenshouldwearriveattheairp
22、ortC.whentheairportweshouldarriveatD.whentheairportshouldwearriveat9.-David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme_?21cnjycom-Heisadoctor.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis10.-Iwonder_withoutwater-Aboutaweek.A.howlongmancanliveB.howlongcanmanliveC.whenmancanliveD.whencanmanlive宾语从句巩固练习参考答案1.D
23、你决定什么时候去澳大利亚了吗?宾语从句用陈述语序。2.D宾语从句用陈述语序,where作从句的宾语。3.C宾语从句用陈述语序,where表示地点。4.Aif表示选择,我想你是否将喜欢他。5.B有ornot,所以用whether.6.C宾语从句用陈述语序7.A宾语从句用陈述语序,who作从句的宾语。8.Awhose是所有格,所以后面要有一个名词,整体做从句的宾语。9.A宾语从句用陈述语序。10.D主句是过去时,从句也要用过去相应的时态,医生问我之前我已经病了,用过去完成时态。11.Cif连接宾语从句,宾语从句用陈述语序。12.Bwhose是所有格,所以后面要有一个名词,整体做从句的宾语。13.C
24、宾语从句用陈述语序。14.C宾语从句用陈述语序,时态不受限制。15.C主句一般过去时,从句要用过去相应的时态,圣诞老人之前就把礼物放进袜子了,用过去完成时态。【来源:21cnjGy.coGm】16.B有ornot就用whether.17.D宾语从句用陈述语序,主句用一般过去时,从句要用过去相应的时态。18.B没有人告诉我们应该做什么,所以我们需要你的帮助。宾语从句用陈述语序,如果选B就是没有人做什么,us后面是宾语从句,而us是宾格不能作从句的主语,所以C选项缺少宾语从句的主语,应选B.19.D我们不知道用垃圾做什么并且垃圾污染陆地和海洋。What做todo的宾语。20.D宾语从句用陈述语序,
25、他问我是否我能找出寄钱的人,主句用过去时态,从句用过去相应的时态。能力提高练习参考答案1.D前一个if引导宾语从句,表示选择“是否”,后一个if引导的是条件状语从句表示将来的动作,所以用主将从现。2.D我不知道后天他是否回来,宾语从句用陈述语序。3.Dwhere表示地点,最近的医院在哪里。4.C宾语从句用陈述语序,已经说了是修理录音机,所以不用what,而用how.5.D宾语从句用陈述语序,whom作照顾的宾语。6.A主句用现在时态,从句不受限制,住在哪里用一般现在时,宾语从句用陈述语序。7.D宾语从句用陈述语序,从句是客观事实,用一般现在时。8.D宾语从句用陈述语序。9.B宾语从句用陈述语序
26、,what在从句中做主语。10.D宾语从句用陈述语序,what在从句中做宾语。11.C因为后面的从句是说他将回家,所以前面应该是我不知道他什么时间回家。12.B.B是陈述语序,D可以用whereyoulive或13.B.宾语从句用陈述语序,what在宾语从句中做said的宾语。14.A.宾语从句用陈述语序,主句用现在的时态,从句根据事实用相应的时态。15.C.客观真理用一般现在时态。16.D.距离多远一般用howfar,go是个瞬间动词,所以应该用可以表示持续动作的动词。17.A.主句是过去时态,从句要用过去的相应时态,所以C、D排除。What作宾语从句的主语。18.D.what作动词不定式的
27、真正宾语。19.C.宾语从句用陈述语序,主句是一般过去时态,从句也用过去时态。20.C.因为不知怎样做,所以需要你的帮助,如果是不知道做什么,会有人告诉你做什么的。如果对主语提问,则特殊疑问句的语序不变。点击中考参考答案1.A.我的一些朋友对自然科学感兴趣,但他们谁也讲不出下次不明飞行物出现的时间。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。2.D.布朗先生什么时候回中国?抱歉。我不知道他会在国外待多久。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。3.A.我可以进来吗?很抱歉我迟到了。请进,但请你告诉我为什么又迟到了吗?宾语从句应该用陈述语序。4.D.你能告诉我怎样到河南博物馆(我坐几路车能到河南博物馆)吗?宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
28、5.D.彼得说怀特一家正在度假,但没有人知道他们去了哪里。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。Theyhavebeento他们去过某个地方,现在已经回来了;theyhavegoneto他们去了某个地方,现在还没有回来。6.B.你知道他们什么时候参观首都博物馆吗?下周五。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。7.D.你想知道我们什么时候举办英语联欢会。当主句是一般过去时态的时候,宾语从句用相应的过去时态,宾语从句应该用陈述语序。8.A.我想知道我们应该什么时候到达机场。宾语从句应该用陈述语序。9.D.David,看那边那个穿白衣服的人,你能告诉我他是干什么的吗?他是医生。询问职业用what;宾语从句应该用陈述语序。10.A.我想知道,没有水人能活多久。大约一周。Aboutaweek知询问应用howlong,宾语从句应该用陈述语序。
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