英语语法结构讲解.docx

1、英语语法结构讲解as（四级考试频度很大的几个用法）1.引导让步状语从句（通常可以用though替换），使用下面句型：1）形容词副词十as主语十谓语：Young as I am，I know some of the family secrets尽管我还很小，但我了解一些家庭秘密。Much as like her，I will not marry her虽然我很喜欢她，但我并不想与她结婚。Some members of the staff couldnt handle the case，hard as they tried一些职员不管怎么想办法也解决不了这个问题。2）原形动词十as十主语十maym

2、ightwillwould：Try as he would，he could not lift the rock不管他用多大劲也举不起那块石头。There was not a soul to be found in the house，search as they would不管他们怎么寻找，房子里也找不到一个人。 2.作关系代词，使用下面句型：1）suchas（as在此接近于who/that/which）：Such women as Tom knew thought he was charming.汤姆认识的那些妇女都认为他长得很迷人。I never heard such stories a

3、s he tells.我从未听说过他讲的那些故事。He never hesitates to make such criticisms as are considered helpful to others只要对别人有帮助，他从不犹豫提出这类批评。It wasnt such a good dinner she had promised us athat bwhich cas dwhat（答案cCET4901译文：它并不是像她承诺我们的那样一顿美餐。）2）用在the sameas句型中：He doesnt believe the same things as you do他不相信你相信的那些东西

4、。（注：as的这一用法在OALD词典中被当作连词，但在张道真教授编的现代英语用法词典（重排本）P70中被当作关系代词，似乎后者更合理、更好理解些。）3用在asbe动词十表语从句中，表不正如：He is absent，as is often the case他正如通常那样又缺席了。Freddie，as might be expected，was attending the conference正如可能预料的那样，弗雷迪当时正在出席会议。As was expected，he performed the task with success正如预料的那样，他成功地完成了任务。 _ is known t

5、o the world，Mark Twain is a great American writer. aThat bWhich cAs dIt（答案 cCET4936译文：正如世人所知，马克吐温是一位伟大的美国作家。 _ is generally accepted，economical growth is determined by the smooth development of productionaWhat bThat cIt dAs（答案d考研95译文：正如所公认的那样，经济增长是由生产的平 稳发展所决定的。）（注：as在这一句型中是连词还是关系代词也存在着争议，它在结构上更接近关系

6、代词，但as与thatwhich不同，thatwhich引导的关系从句只能放在先行词后面，而as引导的从句不但可以放在主句的后面，还可以放在主句的前面。）4as用于省略句，为避免重复，as代替表语或宾语部分：David is tall，as are my brothers像我的几个弟兄们一样，戴维也是个高个儿。（as are my brothers用的是倒装语序，正常语序应是 as my brothers are。）The Second World War，as did the earlier one of 1914，prompted public concern about a physic

7、al and Intellectual wellbeing of the countrys human resources第二次世界大战，正如早些时候1914年的那次一样，立即引起了公众对这个国家人力资源的身心健康的关注。5as用于省略句，引起分词短语作状语：As expected，the afforestation movement rapidly spread正如预料的那样，植树造林运动迅速扩展开来。It usually happens as described above它的发生通常如上面所描写的那样。He had failed to visit her as promised他没有像他

8、允诺的那样去看望她。His first novelNight was an account of the Nazi crimes _ through the eyes of a teenaged boyaas seen bwhich saw cbut was seen dand were seen（答案a选自六级样题译文：他的第一部小说夜通过一个十几岁的男孩的眼睛描述了纳粹的罪行。）6用于as muchas；not so much as或not soas十形容词十as句式中：He said the situation there was not so bad as had been paint

9、ed他说，那里的局势并不像所描绘的那样糟。The great use of a school education is not so much to teach you things as to teach the art of learning学校教育的伟大作用与其说是教给你东西，还不如说是教给你如何学习的技能。He is not so much a writer as a reporter与其说他是位作家，还不如说他是个记者。They were expected to be models of virtue，honoured as much for their character as f

10、or their learning人们期望他们成为美德的典范，不但因为他们的学识，而且因为他们的品德而受到敬重。7用于 as if/as though引导的省略句中：He paused as if expecting Lenny to speak（as if后面跟现在分词）他停了一下，好象是在等待拉尼讲话一样。The boy turned， as if awakened from some dream。（后面跟过去分词）那男孩翻了翻身，好像从梦中醒来一样。He opened his mouth as if to speak something（后面跟不定式）他张张口，好像要说些什么。He gl

11、anced as if in search of something（后面跟介词短语）他瞟了一眼，好像在寻找什么东西一样。8用在just as，so结构中：Just as the soil is a part of the earth，_ the atmosphere aas it is bthe same is cso is dand so is（答案 c考研95译文：正如土壤是地球的一部分一样，大气层也是地球的一部分。）（so is the atmosphere是倒装句。在just as，so句式中，so引导的主句常用倒装语序，尤其在主语特别长时更是如此，so代替被省略了的表语部分。）Ju

12、st as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks， _ the experienced writer is skilled in the handling of his wordsaso bas cthus dlike（答案 aCET6936译文：正如建筑工人砌砖郁闲熟的技艺一样，有经验的作家在用词做文章上也有高超的技艺。） Be about to do sth be about to-V - be on the point of doing sth；just going to do sth即将，就要：Her father i

13、s about to retire她即即将退休。As was about to say when you interrupted me我正要张口说话时你打断了我。（注：about to后面跟不定式，而且常与when从句搭配使用）all butall but - 1. all but十形容词（或用在谓语动词前）= very nearly；almost几乎，差不多；2.all but+名词= all except 除外都：Crows all but destroyed a farmers field of corn.群鸦几乎吃光了一位农夫的玉米地。The hikers were exhausted

14、 and all but frozen when they were found那些徒步旅行者疲惫不堪，被人们发现时都几乎冻僵了。all but John were present除约翰外，其他人都到了。（注：all but作几乎解时可修饰作表语的形容词或过去分词；也可作状语修饰谓语动词。）for allfor all- in spite of 尽管：He did not do well in the race，for all his training.尽管他进行了很多训练，但他的赛跑成绩并不很理想。For all his money，he was very unhappy尽管他有不少钱，但他

15、并不很幸福。 alternativealternative n-选择，替代办法，注意下面成语的习惯用法：have no alternative but to do没有别的选择，只好：Theres no alternative but to fight除了战斗以外，没有别的选择。 I had no alternative but to walk out我没有别的办法，只有走出去。andand -用在省略if的特殊条件句中：Five minutes earlier，we could have caught the last trainaand bbut cor dso（答案aCET4936译文：再

16、早5分钟，我们就可能赶上最后一趟火车了。）Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy, balanced families. a. are often seeing b. will often see c. often see d. have often seen（答案 bCET4956译文：只要打开电视机或翻开一本杂志，你常常可以看到排列整齐的全家福广告照片。）anything butanything but - not at all；far from根本不，一点不，作表语，

17、but后面可以跟名词、形容词或过去分词：Hes anything but lazy/a hero. 他一点不懒/根本不是个英雄。The bridge is anything but safe/finished.这座桥一点不安全离完工还差得很远。 Alone in a deserted house，he was so busy with his research work that he felt _ lonelyanothing but banything but call but deverything but（ 答案 b考研90译文：他一个人在一所房子里搞研究工作，一点也不感到寂寞。）动名

18、词用法1只能跟动名词作宾语的常见动词有：suggest，finish，avoid、mind，enjoy，quit，postpone，delay，practise，fancy，imagine，consider，deny，escape，miss，risk，confess（to），admit（to），appreciate，involve，favour，save，resent，survive等。见下例：(1)He avoided giving us a definite answer(2)I enjoy working with you(3)Would you mind filling out thi

19、s form？(4)I appreciate _ to your homeato be invited bto have invitedchaving invited dbeing invited（答案 dCET4916）（注：want，need，require，deserve，demand等属另一类动词，如果以事物作主语时表示需要，后面要求跟动名词，这种动名词在形式上是主动态，实际上表达的是被动态的意思。）见下例：(5)The floor requires washing(6) Your hair wants cutting(7)The garden needs watering（注：nee

20、d后面既可以跟动名词，也可以跟不定式被动态，表达的意思相同，如 The garden needs to be watered）另外，advise，recommend，allow，permit，forbid等动词后面既可以直接跟动名词作宾语（如 advise starting early tomorrow），也可以跟带不定式的复合结构（如 advise sb to do sth）。见下例：(8)The teacher doesnt permit _ in classasmoke bto smoke csmoking dto have a smoke（答案 cCET491/6）（注：如果 perm

21、it后面需跟以人作宾语的词，就需将该句改为：The teacher doesnt permit anybody to smoke in class）(9)I recommend (your) buying/you to buy this dictionary.（可以使用由物主代词限定的动名词作宾语）2要求跟动名词作宾语的短语动词和成语很多，常见的有：amount to意味着，等于是说；feel like很想；go on继续；aim at旨在；keep on继续；set about开始，着手；insist on坚持要；succeed in成功地做；persist in坚持（做）；dream of

22、梦想；object to反对； approve of赞成； refrain from克制不做；look forward to期待着；depend on依赖于；give up放弃；see to处理，负责（做）；fall to开始（做）；leave off停下；take to变得喜欢；put off推迟；participate in参加；come close to几乎，差点； join ill参加；suspect sb of怀疑某人；excuse sb from原谅某人； accuse sb of指控某人；excuse sb from允许某人不做；change sb with控告某人；spend

23、time花时间做；when it comes to至于，谈到；waste time做是浪费时间；set ones heart/mind on决意要。见下例：(1)He insisted on doing it in his own way(2)Ive been looking forward to coming to China for a long time(3)The match was cancelled because most of the members _ a match without a standard courtaobjected to having bwere obje

24、cted to have cobjected to have dwere objected to having（答案 aCET4916object为不及物动词，后面要求跟介词to十名词或动名词，不能跟不定式，也没有被动态。）(4)My father has taken to playing the golf at the weekends3后面要求限动名词的形容词过去分词十介词结构，常见的有：fond of喜爱；good at擅长于；sick of厌烦；proud of为感到骄傲；keen on热望于；responsible for对负责； capable of能够； afraid of害怕；

25、thirsty for渴望； tired of对厌烦；interested in对感兴趣；ashamed of自惭于；engaged in忙于；opposed to反对；accustomed to习惯于；given to喜欢，常爱；reduced to到了境地；bent on一心要；get used to习惯于。见下例：(1)They are all opposed to putting the meeting off(2)I am proud of being a member of the Chinese Communist Party(3)Is there any place youre

26、 particularly keen on visiting?(4)Who is responsible for organizing the excursion？onlyonly -1only too十形容词（或过去分词）（very），表所非常：I shall be only too pleased to come能来我非常高兴。The news was only too true.这消息太好了（不可能是真的）。与only too搭配的形容词常见的有：pleased/readywillinggladhappy等。2if only引导虚拟条件句，表示但愿，要是就好了：If only he wo

27、uld stop talking!他要是停止说话就好了！If only I had followed your advice!我要是听你的话就好了！3.only that（=but that）只是，要不是：I would do it with pleasure, only (that) I am too busy. 4.only to-V用在谓语动词后，表示后来发生了事先没有料到的事情（这一用法也常考）：After twenty years abroad, William came back only to find his hometown severely damaged in an ea

28、rthquake. We rushed to the airport only to find the plane flying away.5.not onlybut also不仅而且(not only放在句首时需要用倒装句；另外要注意not onlybut also引导的成分要对等)：Not only did he speak more correctly, but (also) he spoke more easily.rather rather - 1.would/had ratherthan或rather thanwould表示宁愿而不愿：She would rather have t

29、he small one than the large one. He would rather be liked than (be) feared. Rather than refuse to help you, Id borrow money from my bank. We ourselves would rather have left on the 8th, but we didnt leave till the 12th. Id rather you _ those important documents with you. A. not take b. dont take c.

30、wont take d. didnt take (答案d. CET-693/6.)(注：如果would rather只涉及主语的选择或爱好时，后面可直接跟动词原形或不定式完成式；than前后连接的两个成分要对等，可以是不定式或名词；would rather后面动词的施动者若不是句子主语本身而是另一个人时，后面需用从句，从句谓语用虚拟语气，即用一般过去时表示与现在的事实相反或很难实现的愿望；用过去完成时表示与已经发生的事实相反的愿望。在托福考试中，从句谓语还可以用动词原形，用动词原形仅仅表示一种愿望，如：We would rather that he take this train我们倒希望他乘这趟火车走。)2rather than或ratherthan是而不是；应而不应;宁愿而不愿：He resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transactionHe ran rather walkedThis is rather for father to decide than for youWe are taught that a business letter s