定语从句总.docx

1、定语从句总注意这类题中的定语从句请看下面这道题，千万不要选 B！为什么？The farmhouse we paid a visit _ at the top of the hill.A. standing B. to stand C. to standing D. to stands【分析】此题容易误选B或C，有的同学可能认为B或C两者必选其一，因为其中的 to 要么是不定式符号，此时其后接动词用原形，要么就是介词，此时后接动词用动名词。其实，正确答案应是D。不错，pay a visit to 中的 to 是介词，但是在此句中 to 的宾语不是其后的动词，而是引导 we paid a visi

2、t to 这个定语从句的关系代词 that (在原句被省略)，也就是说选项D中介词 to 后的动词 stands 并不是 to 的宾语，而是主句的谓语，句意为“我们参观的那家农舍在小山顶上”。又如：(1) The good news we were looking forward _ in the end.A. arriving B. to arrive C. to arriving D. to arrived答案为D，不能选B或C。句中 we were looking forward to 是修饰名词 the good news 的定语从句，介词 to 后的动词 arrived 是句子的谓语

3、，句意为“我们盼望的好消息终于到了”。(2) The life he is now used _ quite different from ours. A. is B. to be C. to being D. to is答案选D，不能选B或C。句中he is now used to 是修饰 the life 的定语从句，介词 to 的宾语是用以引导定语从句 he is now used to 的关系代词that（被省略），to 后的动词 is 是句子的谓语，句意为“他现在习惯的这种生活与我们的生活很不相同”。(3) The work he paid special attention _ t

4、o nothing.()A. came B. to come C. to coming D. to came答案选D，不能选B或C。句中he paid special attention to 是修饰 the work 的定语从句，介词 to 的宾语是用以引导定语从句 he paid special attention to 的关系代词that (被省略），to 后的动词 came 是句子的谓语，句意为“他特别关注的那项工作泡汤了”。(4) The result what he said would lead _ his regret in the future. A. is B. to be

5、 C. to being D. to was答案选D，不能选B或C。句中what he said would lead to 是修饰 the result 的定语从句，介词 to 的宾语是用以引导定语从句 what he said would lead to 的关系代词that （被省略），to 后的动词 was 是句子的谓语，句意为“他所说的话将导致的结果是他今后的后悔”。This is the book that I have read _ dozens of times. But I have never read _. A. it, B. ，it C. it, it D. ，此题应选B

6、。Is this room _ he lived in last year? Is this the room _ he lived in last year? A. that, that B. the one, the one C. that, the one D. the one, that此题应选D。This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，tha

7、t用作visit的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)1.误认为关系代词whose只用于修饰人whose用作疑问代词时，主要用于指人；但用作关系代词时，它既可指人也可指物。如：It was an island, whose name I have forgotten. 它是一座岛，

8、名字我忘了。The factory, whose workers are all women, is closed during the holidays. 这家工厂工人都是妇女，在假期中工厂关门了。2.混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：(1) He has two children, and both of _ are abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who(2) He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题

9、中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。另外，请比较下题(答案为A)：He has two children, both of _ being abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who3.误认为逗号后一定是非限制性定语从句有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句。如：(1) If a book is in English, _ means slow progres

10、s for you.A. as B. which C. what D. that(2) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. A. as B. which C. what D. that以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。that 还是 when在通常情况下，表示时间的名词后应用关系副词 when 来引导定语从句。但下面一句是例外，你能看出它的特殊性吗？She says that shell never

11、forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. where【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词when，地点名词后用关系副词 where。【分析】正确答案为A。在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that。比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词whe

12、n：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. where请再做一组试题(答案均选A)：(1) Our company will move to a tall building _ we bought last month.A. which B. when C. how D. where选A，which 在定语从句中用作动词 bought 的宾语。(2) Our company will move to a tall

13、building _ has just been complete.A. which B. when C. how D. where选A，which 在定语从句中用作主语。(3) Our company will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. where B. when C. that D. which选A，where 在定语从句中用作状语。备考定语从句的七个错点一、混淆定语从句与并列句请看下面两题：(1) He has two children, and both of _ are abroad.A. them B.

14、 which C. whom D. who(2) He has two children, both of _ are abroad.A. them B. which C. whom D. who【分析】第(1)题选A，第(2)题选C。由于第(1)题中用了并列连词and，从而使整个句子为并列句，and后应是一个独立的简单句，所以选A不选C；第(2)题没有并列连词and，both of whom are abroad为非限制性定语从句。二、混淆定语从句与表语(从句)请看下面的试题：(1) Your coat is still _ you left it.A. where B. there C.

15、there where D. the place where【分析】答案选A，where引导的是表语从句(=在的地方)，而不是定语从句。(2) Is this school _ your father worked in ten years ago?A. where B. what C. that D. the one【分析】答案选D，this school为句子主语，the one 为表语，your father worked in为定语从句。不要误认为this是句子主语，否则school前应加冠词the。比较：Is this the school _ your father worked

16、in ten years ago?A. where B. what C. that D. the one (选C)Is this the school _ your father worked ten years ago?A. where B. what C. that D. the one (选A)三、混淆定语从句与状语从句请看下面的试题：(1) I went upstairs _I heard some crying.A. where B. when C. that D. which【分析】答案是B而不是A，when的意思是“当的时候”，引导的是时间状语从句。(upstairs为副词，不宜

17、用作先行词)(2) He is _ a clever boy _ we all like. A. such, that B. such, as C. so, that D. so, as【分析】答案应选B，而不是A。such that (如此以致)用于引导结果状语从句，其中的that不充当句子成分，而suchas中的as为关系代词，用以引导定语从句并在定语从句充当句子成分。上句中第二空之所以选as，是因为它用作动词like宾语。四、误加与关系代词同义的人称代词误：He is a man everyone respects him. 正：He is a man everyone respects

18、. 他是一个人人都敬重的人。五、混淆关系代词与关系副词有的同学一看到先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用关系副词，其实也一定。在此情况下，还要看关系词在定语从句中是用作什么成分，若是用作状语，则用关系副词，若不是用作状语(如用作主语、宾语等)则不能用关系副词，而用关系代词。比较：This is the factory where I want to work. 这就是我想工作的工厂。(work为不及物动词where在从句中用作状语)This is the factory that I want to visit. 这就是我想参观的工厂。(visit为及物动词，that用作visi

19、t的宾语)The reason why he cant come is that he is ill. 他没来的是因为他病了。(come为不及物动词，why在定语从句中用作状语)The reason that he put forth is very important. 他提出的理由很重要。(put forth为及物动词，that在定语从句中用作其宾语)六、因逗号误判which有的同学一看见逗号，就以为一定要选which而不选that，但问题是有时根本就不是定语从句：(1) If a book is in English, _ means slow progress for you.A. a

20、s B. which C. what D. that(2) When I say two hours, _ includes time for eating. (D19/541)A. as B. which C. what D. that【分析】以上两题均应选that，而不能选which，因为它们根本不是定语从句。之所以选that，是因为句中已有if和when引导的状语从句，逗号后为主句，that为主句主语。七、混淆which与whose两者在定语从句中都可用作定语，区别是：whose 的意思相当于 ones，而 which 的意思则相当于 that 或 this。比较：(1) This is

21、 Mary, whose = and her father we met last week.(2) Call again at 11, by which time = and by that time the meeting should be over.that与which的用法区别两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于：1. 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which：The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急，使这条河很危险。He has to work on Sundays, which he d

22、oesnt like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。The London team, which played so well last season, has done badly this season. 伦敦队上一个季度打得很好，这个季度却打得很差。2. 直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which：She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到，那样我们就要等等她。The documents for which they were searching have been recovered. 他们找寻的

23、文件已找到了。This morning some port wine came, for which I have to thank you. 今天早上送来一些波尔图葡萄酒，为此我得向你道谢。注：有时“介词+which”引导的定语从句可以转换成“介词+which+不定式”结构：He had only the long nights in which he could study. =He had only the long nights in which to study. 他只有漫漫长夜可用来学习。He had a couple of revolvers with which he coul

24、d defend himself.= He had a couple of revolvers with which to defend himself. 他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。3. 当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时，通常用that：All that she lacked was training. 她缺的只是训练。Have you everything that you need? 你需要的东西都有了吗?The sleeping mans subco

25、nscious mind retained everything that was said around him. 这位酣睡的人头脑的下意识能记住他周围的人说的话。She would never do anything that was not approved of by her parents. 她父母不赞同的事她绝不会做。4. 当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时，通常用that：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。Those are the very words that he u

26、sed. 那是他的原话。5. 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时，通常用that：This is the best dictionary that Ive ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。6. 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that：China is not the country (that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。7. 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用tha

27、t：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。8. 当要避免重复时：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？that与who的用法区别1. 两者均可指人，有时可互换（包括当先行词为 all, anyone, someone等，同时也包括先行词受the only等的修饰时）： All that who heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。He is the only on

28、e among us that who knows Russian.他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。Anyone who that is over sixteen is allowed in. 任何超过十六岁的人都允许进去。It is impolite to turn your back on someone who that is speaking to you. 人家跟你说话，你把背朝人是不礼貌的。2. 但是在下列情况，通常要用 that：当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abro

29、ad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。当先行词是who时(为避免重复)：Who was it that won the World Cup in 1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)：Tom is not the boy (that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。3. 但是在下列情况，通常要用 who：()当先行词为 those 且指人时，英语习惯上要用 who 来引导定语从句。如：Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。Those who couldnt wal

30、k were carried on stretchers. 那些不能走的人都用担架抬着。It is said thatthose who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。Onlythose who had booked in advance were allowed in. 只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。The plan was supported by those who wished to listen to more good English. 这计划受到想多听好英语的人的支持。Let us spend a few moments in silence so that / in order that we rememberthose who died to preserve our freedom. 让我们默哀片刻，以缅怀那些为维护我们的自由而牺牲了的人们。注：偶尔也可见到在who 之后用 that