语法专题形容词 副词.docx

1、语法专题形容词 副词中考专题 形容词 副词知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！I.形容词一、形容词的一般用法1.作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。Its a cold and windy day.2.作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound.)He looks happy today.3.形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。Would you like something hot to drink？4.表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放可在名词之后作后置定语。How long is t

2、he river？ Its about two hundred metres long.5.多作表语的形容词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；The man is ill.那个人生病了. The ill man is my uncle.那个坏人是我叔叔.6.只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的最适当的, 最好的唯一的；wooden僵硬的，不自然的；没有精神的：木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的My elder brother is in Beijing.（正） This is a wooden bed. 这是张

3、木床。 My brother is elder. （误） His performances have become wooden and dull. 他的演出变得呆板乏味。 7.貌似副词的形容词(名词词尾加ly变来的形容词)：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely 8. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woma

4、n bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。9. 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old. 年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国

5、家，富人从来不帮助穷人。二、形容词常用句型1.“Its +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth 注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，用来描述不定式逻辑主语的本质特征.如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正确的），wrong等。Its very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）2.“Its+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做

6、某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等, 用来强调对不定式逻辑主语的影响。Its not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，t

7、hankful等常接不定式作状语。Im very sad to hear the bad news.4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式作宾语。Lei Feng is always ready to help others.He is sure to get to school on time.副词 一、副词的分类副词按词汇意义可分为：方式副词：fast，slowly，carefully，quickly程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite very

8、well地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never否定副词：no，not，neither，nor疑问副词：where，how，why其他：also，too，only二、副词的基本用法：1).副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.He plays the piano very well .2). 副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.He got up qui

9、ckly3).enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.He is old enough to go to school .三、常见副词，形容词用法辨析1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”He had_left when I called.Have you found your ruler_？2 very，much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.John is _ honest.Thi

10、s garden is_ bigger than that one.Thank you _.3.so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词，My brotherruns so fast that I cant follow him.He is such a boy. so adj / adv such an/a +nso+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数 such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数so little/few/ much/many+ n such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词He is _ clever a boy.=He is _ a clever boy.

11、It is_cold weather. They are _good students.名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so) 但little 表示 “小的” 用such 如：such a little puppy .There are _ little sheep on the hill .4.also，too，as well与either 的区别also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。

12、例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is _a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher _.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，_.I cant speak French Jenny cant speak French，_.5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别Sometime adj：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。（at an uncertain time in th

13、e past or in the future）Sometimes adv：有时，不时的= at times ，from time to time， occasionallysome time：一段时间 some times：几次，几倍Well have a test _next month. _ we are busy and sometimes we are not.He stayed in Beijing for _ last year. I have been to Beijing _.6.ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。

14、before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。在现在完成时里表在此之前。I saw him ten minutes _.He told me that he had seen the film_.7.now，just与just now的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚”just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”Where does he live_？ We have _ seen the film. He was here_. 8.lonely / alone 的区别1).alone

15、 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.2).lonely 表示孤独,寂寞, 也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻的，常与feel 连用。3).alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语,也可作定语) He lives _ on a _ island . He is _ ,but he doesnt feel _.9.fast /quickly /soon 的区别. fast 表示速度之快 quickly表示动作之快 soon表示时间之快 Im leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so _?

16、A.fast B.soon C.quickly D.early 、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级 一、规则变化1.一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest2.以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st， nice-nicer-nicest3.以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest4.重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet

17、/hot/sad/thin/fat ）5.部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least important-less important-least important English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .6.由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most slowly-more slowly-

18、most slowly；但earlyearlier-earliest 二、不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldold / elderold /eldestbad/badly/illworseworstfarfarther (距离)/further（程度）farthest /furthest下列单、双音节词只能加more和most原级比较级最高级like(想似的)more likemost likereal(真的)more realmost real tiredmore tiredmost tire

19、d pleasedmore pleasedmost pleasedoftenmore oftenmost often注: 形容词,副词同形有: back , high , well ,fast, early, late ,straight ，hard，easy，high，有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。形容词，副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1.修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，tooHe is too tired to walk on. My brother runs so fast that I cant

20、 follow him.2.原级常用的句型结构（1）A= B-A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B 表示 “A和B一样”Tom is as old as Kate.Tom runs as fast as Mike. （2）AB-A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B”This room is not as/so big as that one. He doesnt walk as slowly as you.二、比较级的用法1.可以修饰比较级的词.much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿even甚至，still仍然many

21、（more+可数名词复数），Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.2.比较级常用的句型结构 “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”Tom is taller than Kate. I got up earlier than my mother this morning.三.最高级的用法1).结构: the +最高级+ of +人或物( in +地点) He is the tallest of all the boys He works hardest in h

22、is class . 注:副词的最高级前the 可省掉2).the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .3).one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词He is one of the cleverest students in our class. 4). “特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？四.级别的转换1).原级与比

23、较级的转换 a). 倍数+ as as (倍数-1)+比较级+than This room is five times as big as that one =This room is_ _bigger than that one . b).not asas 与比较级的转换 A +not as as + B A+比较级(反义词的比较级) +than +B B+比较级+than+A Mary is not as old as Tom .= Mary is _ _ Tom. = Tom is _ _ Mary . This book is not as expensive as that one

24、= This book is _ _ than that one = That book is _ _than this one .2).比较级与最高级的转换 a). the +最高级+ of / in b). 同一范畴比较级+than+any other +单数名词 +the other +复数名词 +anyone else +any of the other+复名c）不同范畴比较级+than+any +单数名词 +any of + the复数名词 +anyone d） Nobody else + 比较级 + than Tom is the tallest boy in our class

25、.Tom is taller than _ _ boy in our class.Tom is taller than _ _ in our class._ _ is taller than Tom in our class.五.比级别的惯用法1. “比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。He is getting taller and taller.2. “the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.3.“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中

26、较的”。(of the twins/parents)Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. 4.当adj 的最高级前有物主代词,名词所有格,指示代词时,不用the . This is my best book of all.5.相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较. My pencil is longer than _(you).6.比较时不能与自身相比 注: 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较, 要用any other +单数名词. 若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other ,直接用any +

27、单数名词. He is taller than _ boy in his class. He is taller than _boy in our class . A.any B.any other 7.有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(可数单数 = the one、不可数名词)、those (可数复数名词 = the ones)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。The weather in Beijing is colder than _ in Guangzhou in winter .The boys in our class are more than _ in your class .

28、例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！( )1. He is _ friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more( )2. Which is the _ country, Japan or Australia? A. more developed B. more developing C. most developed D. most developing( )3. There were _ shops in the city in 1982 than in 1990.A. little B. few C. fewe

29、r D. less( )4. If you are not free today, come another day _. A. too B. so C. instead D. yet( )5He cant tell us _, I think. A. important anything B. anything important C. important something D. something important.( )6. The Huang River is the second _ river in our country. A. long B. longer C. longe

30、st D. the longest( )7. The light in the office wasnt _for him to read. A. enough bright B. bright enough C. brightly D. enough brightly( )8. There was an accident at the corner. _, the girl wasnt _hurt. A. luckily, badly B. luck, hardly C. Lucky, heavily D. Lucky, strongly( )9. You must keep your eyes _ when you do eye exercises. A. close B. open C. closed D., opened( ) 10. Five days has passed , but I have