煤气阀门定时自动开关相关的外文翻译.docx

1、煤气阀门定时自动开关相关的外文翻译译文：一种新的可燃气体报警系统的设计与实现泛王伟信息工程学院山东济南交通大学摘要：解决目前的问题，可燃气体报警领域。结合总线RS 485和总线CAN系统的设计与实现。主要介绍mcp2515的特点。硬件和软件设计的主要控制器和/ 485转换器是在描述细节。最后，一些重点是特别强调设计。Keywords-CAN;MCP2515;cCAN/ 485,转换器,AVR;HMI一、引言目前,石油化工企业、百货、住宅等,均要求对可燃气体浓度检测。国家相关标准日趋严格。虽然有许多可燃气体报警系统在市场上,他们中的大多数都有非常高的错误信息和低性能。分离技术的可燃气体报警器是相

2、当成熟,但它仍然不能满足系统的要求,具有多个节点和广泛的报道。现在大多数Bus-type可燃气体报警系统是基于RS485这并不是很稳定,不能容纳更多的探测器节点。只有采用CAN总线模式、理论价值的在线检测节点也只是大约有100。在本文中,这一计划是主控制器+CAN/ 485转换器+燃气探测器。节点能力达数千。系统的稳定和实时性能得到很大提高,结合(触摸屏),整机系统的操作更容易。到现在为止在中国尚未报道气体报警系统，根据这项计划，它是连接的重要发展方向，具有广阔的市场空间和发展前景。二、系统的原理和功能1、系统原理 该系统的整个结构描述如图1。可燃气体探测器瓦斯浓度检测和过程,然后反应CAN/

3、 485转换器的需求来传输数据基于RS485 到CAN/ 485转换器。根据CAN总线，将CAN/ 485转换器整理数据,并传送到主控制器,。主控制电路的主要功能是瓦斯浓度分析、显示信息和声光报警联动和控制相关模块。根据不同的核心价值也回应并实施相应触摸屏功能。图2是主要的控制器的结构。图1 系统结构示意图2、系统功能 根据图1描述，整个系统包括三个层次的一部分。主控制器与CAN/485基于CAN总线和CAN/485控制器的气体探测器和联动模块基于RS485总线通信控制器进行通信。设计CAN/485转换器的最大数量为32，根据每个CAN/485转换器，它可以有33个气体探测器或联动模块。采用这

4、种结构，系统确保稳定，有能力达到1024的探测器,该系统能够满足绝大多数客户的要求。 气体检测传感器检测气体浓度，并切换到0V-5V的电压信号。然后探测器分析和处理数据，将相应的数据格式转换。探测器将数据传输到相应的CAN/485转换器基于RS485总线。实现调零，校准等功能，解决修改等。继电器联动模块控制天然气管道打开和关闭阀门或排气扇联动模块设置为连接探测器和探测器敲响了警钟，从而及时避免了事故的发生。图2 主控制器结构图CAN/485转换ATMEGA16单片机作为微控制器的选择。从气体探测器，联动模块接收数据，并与基于CAN总线的主控制器通信。它还必须完成的功能，如响应和分析，主控制器的

5、命令，转移到气体探测器和联动模块的命令来完成特定的任务。在系统设计中，主控制器是最重要和最困难的部分。其结构表明为图2。一方面，浓度实时信息显示。另一方面，响应触摸屏来实现查询功能，设置等功能主要包括主控制器CAN通信模块，人机界面，打印机模块，内存的模块，报警模块，电源模块等作为10.4英寸的智能彩色液晶显示终端与MCU通信基于RS232作为人机界面。这是又容易又有吸引力的程序设计和复杂的接口容易实现。UP - A16PZ与ATMEGA128基于并口连接的微型打印机，可以打印历史的惊人记录，故障记录，关闭和打开记录。主控制器扩展了32KB的E2PROM记录历史、系统参数和32KB SDRAM

6、记录实时浓度信息。电源模块的功能是转换电压和检测商用电源，备用电源和充电状态。3、气体报警SYSTEM硬件设计1、主控制器主控电路主要包括两部分：电源电路，微控制器和各种I / O模块。电源电路主要实现两个功能：基于LM2575开关电压调节器转换成24V至5V电源监控。使用脉冲的方法来检测商用电源，备用电源和充电状态。 设计各种I/O模块是另一个关键点。示意图显示图如图3所示。ATmega128是以8位单片机低功耗作为微控制器，它采用精简指令集架构。它包含128KB闪存，TWI，SPI和JTAG接口（用于仿真调试和下载程序）。ATmega128的特点设计满足主控制器的需求。实时数据量和历史数据

7、量是非常大的，所以FM24C256(32 K E2PROM)和SD2200EPI(时钟芯片以32 KB SDRAM)通过TWI总线扩展。FM24C256由Ramtron公司制造，有产品的特点。例如：它可以读取和写入10亿次，很长一段时间的记录数据，其读写速度与常见的E2PROM相比要快得多。SD2200EPI是32KB SDRAM的工业级实时时钟芯片，它可保证时钟偏差的精度小于每年2.5分钟。SD2200EPI SDRAM记录提供了实时数据和实时时钟。图3 主控制电路MCP2515是由美国微星科技有限公司生产被当做CAN控制器选择的。MCP2515的是一个完整的控制器区域网络（CAN）协议控制

8、器落实CAN规范V2.0A/B。它是能够发送和接收标准和扩展的消息。这也是双方验收滤波和信息管理能力。它包括三个发送缓冲器和两个接收缓冲器，减少所需的微控制器管理的金额。MCU的通讯是通过行业标准的数据传输速率且高达5 Mb / s的实施串行外设接口。用作总线收发器82C250。为了确保系统的稳定性，静噪抑制，磁珠和雷电灾害防护装置的电路。 考虑到系统的稳定性要求很高，MAX705，一种低成本，用于监控电路系统复位。通过USART1的智能终端连接到彩色液晶显示终端连接到MCU的。它提供了汉语分词和触摸屏功能。点，线，圆，长方形，格子和其他复杂的图形可以很容易地通过简单的指令被设计出来。该终端还

9、提供了图形记忆存储固定的图片和BMP图像存储开机画面。触摸屏显示的分辨率是1024 * 1024。 打印机的使能信号，故障指示灯，报警灯，经GAL16V8解码。GAL是一个新型的电可擦除和可编程PLD器件。使用GAL，控制变得更加容易和程序的安全性能变得更好。打印机和所有指示灯和几个控制信号的输出信号通过并行总线相结合74AHC573延长。通过并行总线相结合74AHC245来实现输入信号。 LM246是用来给三个报警信号。报警电路是图4。图4 报警示意图CAN/485转换器 ATmega16单片机被选择作为转换器的核心，它具有较高的性能价格比，并具有16KB闪存，256字节的E2PROM，1K

10、B的RAM，因此它非常适合用于CAN/485转换。 它主要是用来转换数据格式之间的CAN和RS 485。该电路主要包括CAN与部分RS 485。CAN部分类似于在主控制器显示图如图3。 RS485总线部分显示图如图5。低功耗和高性能价格比芯片SN65HVD3082用作RS485收发器。其特点表现如下：1）达到或超过TIA/EIA-485A标准的要求。2）低静态功率：0.3毫安主动模式和1 nA的关断模式。3）1/8单位负载高达256总线上的节点。 为了提高系统的稳定性，6N137用于分离电路、磁珠和雷电灾害防护装置的电路。图5 RS485示意图四、软件设计1.主控制器 主控制器的程序流的软件设

11、计描述如图6。微控制器和其它芯片进入主循环程序运行之前，必须初始化和启动界面显示1分钟。在这个过程中，系统检测到电源状态，关键价值和读取参数。系统参数主要包括节点，密码和其他信息的使用条件。多主机通信的方法可用于CAN总线上，但仍估计故障和保持平衡每个节点的主机使用主控制器。系统工作稳定，快速地尽快采取适当的错误处理方法。键值检测和处理部分的主要功能是检测天气推触摸屏，然后回应。触摸屏的图像，主要包括三个下拉菜单：显示菜单，设置菜单和控制菜单。每个菜单有几个下拉和键值处理功能完成所有的功能。图6 主控制器的程序流的软件设计中断INT0是用来接收来自CAN总线和29位扩展帧格式用于发送和接收消息

12、的数据。注册TXBnSIDH被用作节点的ID，和接收器的节点设置相应的屏蔽和验收位。这种方法可以区分127个CAN节点，并完全满足要求。注册TXBnEID8商店发件人的ID和TXBnEID0商店气体报警或联动模块的地址。因此，一套气体报警或联动模块的数据可以传输一帧数据。2. CAN/485转换器的软件设计 接收信号变换器主控制器由基于CAN总线的中断。然后分析指令并执行不同的子函数。转换器的民意调查的子节点RS485总线接收命令时,它不从主控制器。图7是程序流程图可以/ 485转换器。图7 程序CAN/485转换器的程序流程图5、设计需要注意的几个问题 必须足够短的CAN通信中断和UART接

13、收中断程序。否则，沟通的效率会受到影响。每个数据帧之间必须有适当的延迟，如果有人能注意不断地发送消息，或其他溢出错误是易发生。时间段编程的一些要求必须满足，以避免通讯故障。1) Prop Seg + Phase Seg 1 = Phase Seg 22) Prop Seg + Phase Seg 1 = TDELAY 3) Phase Seg 2 Sync Jump Width 以关闭扬声器，不仅VCC引脚，但也必须改变低水平的OSC1和OSC2引脚，否则一些LM246不能正常工作。 为了避免干扰的触摸屏，键值必须采取至少3组。六、结论 可燃气体报警系统，具有稳定性高，节点的功能和界面友好。

14、PC可以添加到系统中，通过显示适配器来实现，设置等功能。现在产品已进入批量生产。原文：Design and Realization of a New Combustible Gas Alarm SystemHan Yaozhen college of Information Engineering ,Jinan Traffic University, ShandongI.INTRODUCTIONAbstractAiming at solving problems in current combustible gas alarm field. A CAN-based system combini

15、ng with RS485 bus is proposed and realized. The main features of MCP2515 are introduced. The hardware and software design of the main controller and CAN/485 converter is described in details. At last, several important points in design are stressed specially. Keywords-CAN; MCP2515; CAN/485; converte

16、r; AVR; HMI. At present, petrochemical enterprises, department stores,residential buildings etc, are all required to detect concentration of combustible gas. Relevant national standards become stricter. Although there are many combustible gas alarm systems in the market, most of them have high misin

17、formation and low performance. The technology of isolated combustible gas alarm is rather mature, but it still couldnt satisfy the system requirements with multiple nodes and wide coverage. Now most Bus-type combustible gas alarm systems are based on RS485 which isnt very stable and couldnt accommod

18、 ate more detector nodes. When only adopting CAN bus mode, the theoretical value of the on-line detector nodes is also only about 100. In this paper, the scheme is main controller+CAN/485 converter +gas detector. The node capacity can reach several thousands. The system stability and real-time perfo

19、rmance is greatly improved and by combining touch screen, the systems operation becomes easier. The gas alarm system based on this scheme has not been reported until now in China, its en important developing direction and has wide space of market and developing prospect.II. SYSTEM PRINCIPLE AND FUNC

20、TION1. System Principle Whole structure of the system is described as Fig1.Combustible gas detectors detect and process gas concentration, and then respond demands of CAN/485 converter to transmit data based on RS485 to CAN/485 converter.CAN/485 converters pack up data and transmit to the main contr

21、oller based on CAN bus. Main functions of the main controller are to analyze and display gas concentration information and sound-light alarm and to control relevant linkage module. It also responds touch screen and implements corresponding functions according to different key value. Fig2 is the main

22、 controllers structure.2. System Function As is described in Fig1, The whole system includes three levels of part. The main controller communicates with CAN/485 controllers based on CAN bus and CAN/485 controller communicates with gas detectors and linkage modules based on RS485 bus. Designed maximu

23、m number of CAN/485 converter is 32 and it can have 33 gas detectors or linkage modules under each CAN/485 converter. Using this structure, the system ensures the stability and the capacity of detectors reach 1024, so the system can meet the requirements of most customers. Sensor of gas detector det

24、ects gas concentration and switches to a 0V-5V voltage signal. Then detector analyzes and processes data, converts into the corresponding data format. Detectors transmit data to corresponding CAN/485 converter based on RS485 bus. In addition, gas detectorrealizes functions such as zeroing, calibrati

25、on, addresses modification and so on. Relay on linkage module controls gas pipeline opening and closing of valves or exhaust fan when the linkage module is set to link with detector and the detector has alarmed, and thus in time to avoid accidents. CAN/485 converter selects ATMega16 MCU as the micro

26、controller. It receives data from gas detectors and linkage modules and communicates with the main controller based on CAN bus. It also must complete functions such as responding and analyzing commands of the main controller, transferring commands to gas detectors and linkage modules to complete spe

27、cific tasks. In the design of the system, the main controller is most important and difficult part. Its structure is showed as Fig2.On the one hand, displaying real-time concentration information, on another hand, responding touch screen to realize query function, setting function etc. the main cont

28、roller mainly includes CAN communication module, HMI, printer module, memory module, alarm module, power module etc. A 10.4 inch intelligent color LCD display terminal which communicate with MCU based on RS232 is used as HMI. It is easy and attractive to program, and complex interface is easier to r

29、ealized. UP-A16PZ mini-printer which connects with Atmega128 based on parallel port can print historical alarming record, fault record, turning off and opening records. The main controller extends 32KB E2PROM to record historical and system parameters and 32KB SDRAM to record real-time concentration

30、 information. Power modules functions are to convert voltage and detect commercial power, backup power and charging status.III. HARDWARE DESIGN OF THE GAS ALARM SYSTEMA. 1.The Main Controller Part The circuit of the main controller mainly includes two parts: power circuit, microcontroller and variou

31、s I/O modules. The power circuit mainly realizes two functions: convert 24V to 5V based on LM2575 switching voltage regulator; power monitoring. Using pulse method to detect commercial power, backup power and charging status. The design of various I/O modules is another key point. The schematic diag

32、ram is showed as Fig.3. ATmega128, a low power CMOS 8-bit MCU is used as the microcontroller and it uses RISC architecture. It includes 128KB flash, TWI, SPI, JTAG interface (used as simulation debugging and program download). Features of ATmega128 satisfy the demand to design the main controller. Amount of real time data and historical data are very large, so FM24C256(32K E2PROM) and SD2200EPI(clock chip with 32KB SDRAM) are extended via TWI bus. FM24C256 made by Ramtron Company has the features such a