考研英语基础词汇.docx

1、考研英语基础词汇2010考研英语词汇基础班同步讲义词汇一、背单词的方法1.记忆的规则：重复、思考例1：Theology (神学)-theory-theoretical例2：wife、husband例3：Temporary：临时的，暂时的；Contemporary：同时代的；Temperature：热度、温度；temper：脾气；Temperament：气质、性情2.卡片记忆法二、通过记忆单词的方法研究考研的核心词汇1.横向比较：考研核心词汇-55002.考研词汇的特点：(1)考研词汇的难点是对一些简单词汇的深入考察，对于这部分词汇一定要结合语境进行理解；.(2)考研词汇是非常强调对词的反应速度

2、；(3)考研中加大了对一些常见词第二层含义的考查力度，如sound, brief。3.考研词汇的考查角度：(1)写作用词。(2)阅读核心词。阅读核心词就是反复出现在历年考研的试卷中，对理解文章的意思有深刻作用的词。(3)常见的书面词汇。三、词根(1) land：main land, landscape(2) cess：表示“走(go)”的意思，如access, success(3) cede：表示走(go)的意思，如concede, recede.(4) con、com、co：表示“共同”的含义cooperation合作，动词cooperate concede让步、妥协confess, fes

3、s是指说，confess忏悔(5) pro：向前推动，如promote促进，其中的mote动力，motive动机(6) re：1)再一次2)向后：recede,退却，recession(7) pose：放pose a challenge; pose a question.Pollution poses a threat to the environment.position当动词用，v,定位，locate.stick to your own position.坚持你的立场(观点)take a position.表示采取某种立场(态度)。Im in a position to go abroad

4、. (be in a position=be likely to do)(8) pro：向前propose提出，提名，求婚名词形式：proposal,建议；求婚(9) pre=before如，preposition positive (1)表示确定的；(2)表示积极的negative消极的(10) Oppose反对Opponent敌人Compose：谱曲；创作；调节Composer：作曲家Be composed of由构成Consist of、constitute：构成de-compose腐烂、拆分decompose into分解成(11) de-：向下，相反compose：组成decompo

5、se into：分解为component：成分，部分例：Taiwan is a component of China.台湾是中国的组成部分。-ment：名词后缀：movement：运动，活动depose：罢免，免职decode：解密，解码detach：分开，分离attach to：把粘到，附在attachment：附件，配属例：Great importance should be attached to respecting the senior.detect：揭露，察觉，发现deposit (n.) ：存款，沉淀物；(v)：存钱，存放。current deposit：活期存款；fixed d

6、eposit：定期存款(12) ex-：之前的，向外的ex-boyfriend：前男友注：“former”也表示之前的意思，但更为正式。exit：出口export：出口，输出expose：暴露，曝光-exposure (n.)例：sth is exposed to (n.)：暴露于例：He is exposed to all kinds of weather.他饱经风霜。(13) im-：进入，强加impose：强加impose on：利用，施加影响于例：I dont want to impose on you.dispose：处理dispose of：处理，安排disposal：(n)处置，

7、安排例：The book is at your disposal这本书任你处理。disposition：部署，性情(14) pur-，pro-：向前，往前purpose：目的，意图on purpose：故意的(15) sup-，sub-：下面的subway：地铁subtitle：字幕submarine：潜水艇sublet：转租suppose：猜测(16) pon：放postpone：推迟post 80s：80后post-modern：后现代主义的(17) put：放，说例：as she put it：正如她所说的一样input：输入output：输出deputy：(n)代表；(adj)代理的，

8、副的例：The president has sent his deputy to site.总统派代表去现场。deputy president：副总统associate：副的poseto withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open.(1) ter：反复、很多Chatter：闲聊Chat：聊天ShatterHover：盘旋Glitter：闪闪发光、闪烁(2) locate、localLocation：位置、方位Allocate：分配。(3) Branc

9、h：分支Branch company：分公司例：Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.(1) Be exposed to：暴露于.Be f

10、aced with：面对Be confronted with：遇见(2) accustom：使适应Accustom toIm accustomed to new environment.Acquaint：认识Adapt：适应adapttoIdea：想法Ideal：理想化、理想的Idealism：理想主义例：But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.(1) Clone：克隆(2) Divi

11、deVid：分开，separateDivision：分支(3) Individual：个体的、个人的Indifferent：冷漠的(4) Further (v)：促进，增进，助长(5) Federal：联邦的、联盟的Federation例：When the committee got down to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.(1) Get down to：着手干某事(2) DetailTailor：裁缝tailor service：定做服务Retail：零售Wholesale：批发Bucksale：批发3. Unrealist

12、icRealism：现实主义Realize repose ones head on a cushion repose：使休息，使(自己)躺下例: George Annas, chair of the health law department at Boston University, maintains that, as long as a doctor prescribes a drug for a legitimate medical purpose, the doctor has done nothing illegal even if the patient uses the dru

13、g to hasten death.(1) prescribe开处方预购、定购制定规则、命令Scribe写Prescription：处方Inscribe：铭刻Describe：描述、描写Ascribe to：归因于Graphy：写Biography：传记Biology：生物Auto-biography：自传Telegraph：电报Telephone：电话Paragraph：段落Parasite：寄生虫Paradox：矛盾Paradoxical：矛盾的(2) Legitimate：合法的、合乎法律要求的Legacy：遗产Illegal：非法的Legal：合法的(3) Hasten：加速Sharp

14、en：使锋利Frighten：使惊吓Loosen：使放松EnlargeEnforceWooden例：What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.Vis：看Visible-ble和-able后缀的形容词都表示能够被的。Vision：视觉、洞察力Visual：视力的Visualis (z) e：可视化、使之具体化Visit：拜访、访问Envisage：正视Advise：建议Supervise：监督、监控Supervision：监督、监控

15、Superstition：迷信Revise：修正tain tain：to hold：去拿、去取(1) AttainObtainAttain ones goal：实现某人的目标Attainment:成就accomplishment achievementRetain：保持Maintain：维持、保持Retain vitality：保持青春(2) Vit：生命Vital：致命的Vitamin：维生素Revive：复苏Survive：存活(3) Surpass：超过、超越Surround：包围Sustain：支持sustainable development：可持续发展Subway：地铁(4) Co

16、ntain：包含、控制Contain ones emotion：控制某人的情绪Self-contained：有自制力的Detain：扣下、扣留、耽搁Entertain：招待、娱乐例：When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at.(1) Movement：潮流TideFlowFashionCurrent：趋势Ebb trend：趋势(2) AdvisableAcceptable：能够被接受的ReliableFlex

17、ible：能够被活动的Eat-edible：能够被吃的Inedible：不能食用Evade：逃跑-evitable：能够被避免的Inevitable：不可避免的Advocate：提倡，提倡者(3) Voc：声音的VocalVocation：职业Vacation：假期Vac：空的Vacuum：真空Vacant：空闲Vok：声音的Revoke：撤回Evoke：唤起、唤醒Provoke：激怒Most growing plants contain much more water than all other materials combined.Plant：工厂，装备Power plant：电厂Com

18、bine：联合例：The fact should not be ignored by those who maintain that unemployment and machinery are inseparable companions.(1) Ignore：忽视(主观)Neglect：忽视(客观)(2) Crew：全体成员Faculty：全体教职员工Staff：全体人员Cast：演员表the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only

19、 beginning to be recognized and studied.1. selective：选择性的(1)“lect”：挑选select：(v)挑选；selection：(n)挑选elect：选举；election：(n)选举collect：收集neglect：忽视intellect：智者，智力；intellectual：(adj)智力的，知识分子的；intelligence：(n)智力注：“intel、inter”：在间，相互(2)“lig”：选择eligible：合格的，符合条件的elegant：文雅的，端庄的2. recognize：认出，承认cognition：认知，了解

20、；cognitive：(adj)认知的precognition：预知，预测Vitamins are organic compounds necessary in small amounts in the diet for the normal growth and maintenance of life of animals, including man.1. include：包含，包括“clude”：关exclude：排除，排斥；exclusive：(adj)排外的例：I have an exclusive contract with him.exclusive shop：高档商品商店pre

21、clude：预防，杜绝；preclusion：(n)排除conclude：推断，得出结论例：achieve/come to conclusion：得出结论Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age-say 83 or so.Conclude：推断，得出结论But, there are certain basic ideas that must be

22、used in every program if maximum results are to be obtained.1. maximum：最大量，最大的；maximize：(v)使之最大化max：至多，大反义词-minimum：最小的min：小macro：大的；micro：小的He told his wife that he had been detained in the office by unexpected callers.1. unexpected：意外的，未预料到的“spect、pect”：看aspect：外表，样子，方面例：inaspect：在方面inspect：检查，视察p

23、erspective：观点，眼界，透视prospect：前景，前途，期望；prospective：(adj)预期的例：a promising prospect：一个有希望的前景respect：尊敬，尊重respectable：可敬的，值得尊重的respectful：尊重人的respective：各自的irrespective：无关的retrospect：回顾例：in retrospect：在回忆中，回想起来suspect：(v)怀疑；(n)嫌疑犯；suspicious：(adj)可疑的conspicuous：显著的。“spise”：看despise：轻视speculate：投机，思索例：spe

24、culate in futures/ in stocks spectaculars：(adj)壮观的，引人入胜的。SIST“sist”：站assist：(v)帮助，援助；assistant：(n)助手；assistance：(n)援助accountant：会计assistantship：助教奖学金，助教职位consist：由组成固定搭配：consist of由构成。例：Our class consists of 5 people.我们班是由5个人构成的。consist with：与一致例：Action should be consistent with words.言行一致。consist i

25、n：存在于，在于例：Success consists in efforts.成功在于努力。Our class consists of 5 people.Our class comprises 5 people.Our class is composed of 5 people.persist：继续，坚持；persistent：(adj)持久稳固的insist ：坚持；insistent：(adj)坚持不懈的persevere：坚持existence：(n)存在；exist：(v)存在resist：抵制例：resist doing：克制不做某事resistance：(n)抵抗例：water-re

26、sistance：防水的It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price.distribution：分配“tribut”：贡献distribute：(v)分配，分发attribute to：归因于例：We attribute our success to our hard working.我们把成功归因于努力的工作。More families consist of one parent households or two working parents; consequently, ch

27、ildren are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional family structure.1. be likely to do：可能做某事；intend to do、incline to do2. supervision：监督，管理3. structure：结构“struct”：建立construct：建设；reconstruction：重建destruct：破坏；destructive：(adj)破坏(性)的instruct：引导，教导；instructor：导师；instru

28、ctive：(adj)教育性的infrastructure：基础设施obstruct：妨碍，阻塞；obstruction：(n)阻塞Biology has provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened.1. biology生物学；microbiology微生物学；sociology社会学2. account：数目，理由account for：说明，做出解释accountant：会计(师)Bio-economy：生物经济；bio-computer：生物电脑；bio-tech：生物

29、科技；ecology：生态学evolution：进化论；“vol”：旋转involve：卷入，涉及3. unified：统一的，一致的(1)“uni”：一uniform：(n)制服；(adj)统一的universe：宇宙；“verse”：转university：大学unite：(v)联合，团结；unify：(v)统一，使成一体；unique：(adj)唯一的，独特的(2)“sol”：一，单独isolate：隔离，孤立；isolation：(n)孤立，孤单sole：唯一的，单独的solo：独唱，独奏solar：太阳的solitary：唯一的，孤独的例：lead a solitary life过着

30、寂寞的生活。desolate：荒凉的console：安慰(3)“mono”：一monologue：读白；“logue”：说话dialogue：对话；“dia”相对的diameter：直径monotonous ：单调的，无变化的；“ton”：腔调(4)“bi”：二bilingual：双语的bikini：比肯尼And yet the myth of controlling the waters persists.但是，控制洪水的神话还在流传着。Todays immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation.1. immigration：移民；“migr”=move：移动，迁移immigrate：移居入境；emigrate：移出去2. unprecedented：空前的，没有先例的“cede、cess”：走3. assimilation：同化similar：相似的similarity：(n)类似